e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy最新文献_第10页

A review on modulation techniques of Quasi-Z-source inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems 并网光伏系统准 Z 源逆变器调制技术综述

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100809

Bikash Gyawali , Aidha Muhammad Ajmal , Wenjie Liu , Yongheng Yang

Photovoltaic (PV) is a promising way to meet the increasing global energy demand due to its sustainability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. For the wide-scale adoption of PV systems, converters with reliable input sources, stable control strategies and appropriate modulation techniques must be designed. In the literature, various modulation techniques have been developed that help to boost the voltage of the PV modules by implementing shoot-through (ST) in which the upper and lower switches of an inverter conduct simultaneously and short-circuit occurs. Various optimised modulation techniques have been implemented to enhance its performance. Among those, the quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) has attracted much attention due to its ability to achieve higher conversion ratios for grid-connected PV applications. In this paper, a detailed comparison of the modulation schemes for the qZSI PV systems has been done to understand the trade-off and select the most suitable approach. Upon the selection of the space vector modulation with unique switching sequences and rearranging upper ST and lower ST states, the inverter can achieve ST with reduced switching losses. Furthermore, a 600 VA three-phase grid-connected system utilizing a three-level neutral-point-clamped qZSI topology is modulated and simulated. It has been demonstrated that the constant boost control offers good performance in terms of reduced voltage stresses on switches, lower total harmonic distortion, and hence, higher efficiency.

光伏（PV）具有可持续性、高效性和成本效益，是满足全球日益增长的能源需求的一种有前途的方式。为了大范围采用光伏系统，必须设计具有可靠输入源、稳定控制策略和适当调制技术的转换器。在文献中，已开发出各种调制技术，通过实施击穿（ST）技术（即逆变器的上下开关同时导通并发生短路）来帮助提升光伏模块的电压。为提高其性能，还采用了各种优化调制技术。其中，准 Z 源逆变器 (qZSI) 因其能够在并网光伏应用中实现更高的转换率而备受关注。本文对 qZSI 光伏系统的调制方案进行了详细比较，以了解其中的利弊得失，并选择最合适的方法。在选择具有独特开关序列的空间矢量调制并重新排列上部 ST 和下部 ST 状态后，逆变器可在减少开关损耗的情况下实现 ST。此外，还对采用三电平中性点钳位 qZSI 拓扑的 600 VA 三相并网系统进行了调制和仿真。结果表明，恒定升压控制在减少开关电压应力、降低总谐波失真以及提高效率方面具有良好的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Implementation of a low-cost current perturbation-based improved PO MPPT approach using Arduino board for photovoltaic systems 利用 Arduino 板为光伏系统实现基于电流扰动的低成本改进型 PO MPPT 方法

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100807

Abdelkhalek Chellakhi , Said El Beid , Mouncef El Marghichi , El Mahdi Bouabdalli , Ambe Harrison , Hassan Abouobaida

In photovoltaic (PV) systems, the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by the PV module is influenced by various factors, including sunlight intensity and temperature. To achieve optimal performance, it is crucial to accurately track the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV module. Among the numerous MPP tracking (MPPT) techniques that have been developed, the perturbation and observation (PO) method has gained significant attention due to its simplicity and reliability. However, the fixed perturbation step size used in the traditional PO algorithm can result in poor tracking capability, excessive ripple, and drift, leading to high power loss and low tracking efficiency. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an improved version of the PO strategy that introduces an adaptable step-magnitude mechanism, utilizing current perturbation instead of the voltage perturbation typically employed in the classical PO method. This enhanced indirect PO approach maintains low complexity and can be easily implemented on a cost-effective Arduino Uno board. A streamlined C++ code integrates the improved PO MPPT strategy with a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller, eliminating the need for separate PID blocks and further reducing system complexity. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, comparative analyses are conducted against the traditional PO algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), fuzzy logic control (FLC), and a recently introduced approach, the zone voltage (ZV) method. Simulation results using Proteus software demonstrate that the improved PO approach outperforms the other techniques in various aspects, including achieving the highest static and dynamic tracking efficiencies of 99.38% and 99.88%, respectively, negligible power loss and fluctuations, the fastest convergence speed, and the shortest tracking time of 0.19 seconds.

在光伏（PV）系统中，光伏组件将太阳能转化为电能的过程受到各种因素的影响，包括日照强度和温度。为实现最佳性能，准确跟踪光伏组件的最大功率点（MPP）至关重要。在众多已开发的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）技术中，扰动和观测（PO）方法因其简单可靠而备受关注。然而，传统 PO 算法中使用的固定扰动步长会导致跟踪能力差、纹波过大和漂移，从而导致高功率损耗和低跟踪效率。为了解决这些局限性，本文提出了一种改进版的 PO 策略，该策略引入了一种可适应的步幅机制，利用电流扰动取代了经典 PO 方法中通常采用的电压扰动。这种增强型间接 PO 方法保持了较低的复杂性，可在高性价比的 Arduino Uno 电路板上轻松实现。精简的 C++ 代码将改进的 PO MPPT 策略与比例积分微分（PID）控制器集成在一起，从而无需单独的 PID 模块，进一步降低了系统的复杂性。为了评估所提技术的有效性，我们对传统的 PO 算法、粒子群优化（PSO）、模糊逻辑控制（FLC）以及最近引入的区域电压（ZV）方法进行了比较分析。使用 Proteus 软件进行的仿真结果表明，改进的 PO 方法在各方面都优于其他技术，包括实现了最高的静态和动态跟踪效率（分别为 99.38% 和 99.88%）、可忽略的功率损耗和波动、最快的收敛速度以及最短的 0.19 秒跟踪时间。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence computational techniques of flywheel energy storage systems integrated with green energy: A comprehensive review 集成绿色能源的飞轮储能系统的人工智能计算技术：综述

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100801

Abdelmonem Draz , Hossam Ashraf , Peter Makeen

In recent years, the operation of the electric power grid has become more efficient and resilient due to the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs). Solar and wind energy are being incorporated aggressively into the main grid, while other RESs like biomass and geothermal energy are also on the rise. However, the intermittent nature of these RESs necessitates the use of energy storage devices (ESDs) as a backup for electricity generation such as batteries, supercapacitors, and flywheel energy storage systems (FESS). This paper provides a thorough review of the standardization, market applications, and grid integration of FESS. It examines the components of FESS, including the electric motor/generator set, power converters, bearings, and control techniques. The paper also highlights the application of modern artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies in optimizing FESS operations, referencing over 240 recent publications in reputable journals. Metaheuristic optimizers, machine learning techniques, and well-matures software's are the main AI aspects discussed in this paper. Additionally, it explores the use of FESS in commercial sectors such as marine, space, and transportation, and its integration with RESs for participating in green energy. Finally, the paper emphasizes the role of AI in enhancing the synergy between FESS and RESs to contribute to a more sustainable and secure energy future.

近年来，由于可再生能源（RES）的融入，电网的运行变得更加高效和灵活。太阳能和风能正被积极纳入主电网，而生物质能和地热能等其他可再生能源也在不断增加。然而，由于这些可再生能源具有间歇性，因此有必要使用电池、超级电容器和飞轮储能系统 (FESS) 等储能设备 (ESD) 作为发电的后备电源。本文全面回顾了 FESS 的标准化、市场应用和并网情况。它研究了飞轮储能系统的组件，包括电机/发电机组、功率转换器、轴承和控制技术。论文还重点介绍了现代人工智能（AI）方法在优化 FESS 运行中的应用，并引用了近期在知名期刊上发表的 240 多篇论文。元搜索优化器、机器学习技术和成熟的软件是本文讨论的主要人工智能方面。此外，本文还探讨了 FESS 在海洋、太空和交通等商业领域的应用，以及与可再生能源的整合，以参与绿色能源。最后，本文强调了人工智能在加强 FESS 与可再生能源之间的协同作用方面的作用，以促进更加可持续和安全的能源未来。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization of HESS control for optimal frequency regulation in a power system with RE penetration 多目标优化 HESS 控制，实现有可再生能源渗透的电力系统中的最佳频率调节

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100805

Ousama M.T. Ajami , Rodney H.G. Tan , Mithulan Nadarajah , Farah Adilah Jamaludin , Adlan Bagus Pradana

Concerns over fossil fuel emissions and their hazardous effects have led to a shift away from conventional power plants and focus more on the expansion of renewable energy sources. This shift has resulted in reduced inertia and resulted in poor frequency control within electrical power systems. Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS) have been proposed as an effective solution to enhance frequency stability and address the reduced inertia issue. This research evaluates three distinct control models for HESS, Incorporating Supercapacitor Energy Storage (SCES) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). To optimize the control parameters with the best objectives, all possible sets of objectives with four different optimization algorithms are studied. The three control models considered for the HESS incorporate Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) or Virtual Inertia (VI) control with independent or simultaneous optimization of control parameters. The performances of the three control models are evaluated based on three test scenarios incorporating uncertainties, reduced inertia, and uniform and random load disturbances. The findings indicate that the Independently Optimized Virtual Synchronous Generator HESS (IO VSG-HESS) achieves the best settling time post-contingency but offers the least improvement in frequency nadir with an average of 0.31 %. Conversely, the Simultaneously Optimized Virtual Inertia And Virtual Synchronous Generator Controlled HESS (SO VI-VSG-HESS) excel in mitigating small frequency fluctuations with an average improvement in frequency standard deviation of 87.65 %. The Simultaneously Optimized Virtual Synchronous Generator Controlled HESS (SO VSG-HESS) provides the best frequency nadir, with an average improvement of 0.63 %, but with a slight increase in settling time.

对化石燃料排放及其有害影响的担忧导致人们不再使用传统的发电厂，而是更加关注可再生能源的发展。这种转变导致惯性减小，造成电力系统频率控制不佳。混合储能系统（HESS）被认为是增强频率稳定性和解决惯性降低问题的有效解决方案。本研究评估了混合储能系统（HESS）、超级电容器储能系统（SCES）和电池储能系统（BESS）的三种不同控制模型。为了以最佳目标优化控制参数，使用四种不同的优化算法对所有可能的目标集进行了研究。为 HESS 考虑的三种控制模型包括虚拟同步发电机（VSG）或虚拟惯性（VI）控制，以及独立或同步的控制参数优化。根据包含不确定性、降低惯性以及均匀和随机负载干扰的三种测试场景，对三种控制模型的性能进行了评估。研究结果表明，独立优化的虚拟同步发电机 HESS（IO VSG-HESS）实现了最好的应急后稳定时间，但对频率低点的改善最小，平均为 0.31%。相反，同时优化的虚拟惯性和虚拟同步发电机控制 HESS（SO VI-VSG-HESS）在缓解小频率波动方面表现出色，频率标准偏差平均改善了 87.65%。同时优化的虚拟同步发电机控制 HESS（SO VSG-HESS）可提供最佳的频率低点，平均提高 0.63%，但沉降时间略有增加。

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引用次数: 0

Photo-voltaic system with battery employing parallel converters operation for charging stations and distributed loads amidst anomalous grid 带电池的光电系统，采用并行转换器，在异常电网中为充电站和分布式负载供电

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100802

Kripa Tiwari, Bhim Singh

In this work, solar photovoltaic array-based generation unit is connected to non-ideal distribution network and powering plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging infrastructure and other local loads connected to AC common bus while ensuring reliable operation of parallel connected voltage source converters under dynamics. A photovoltaic array connected via voltage source inverter, which feeds power to loads and battery is used to act as power management entity and provides reactive power and harmonic power support via converter. In context of widespread incorporation of PEVs and renewable energy sources (RES) into grid, inherent intermittency and dynamic behavior pose significant challenges in establishing a resilient and flexible control framework. Consequently, a solution is proposed that employs dual low pass filter integrated along an adaptive noise elimination filtering algorithm, serving as a primary processing stage. Additionally, integrator-based frequency locked loop control strategy is implemented in conjunction to mitigate power quality concerns, regulate voltage levels, and correct power factor discrepancies. Furthermore, system ensures continuous operation, providing uninterrupted power to local loads even during fluctuating conditions while simultaneously functioning as a seamless PEV charging station. Additionally, a comparative analysis of controller performance is summarized in a tabular format, alongside a power quality assessment. The analysis includes the evaluation of total harmonic distortion (THD) for both grid currents and grid voltages, which are measured at 2.36 % and 3.60 %, respectively. These values are well within the limits established by IEEE 519 standard, demonstrating compliance with the required power quality criteria. This RES based charging structure topology is tested using a hardware prototype under dynamics and impactful performance is observed through obtained results.

在这项工作中，基于太阳能光伏阵列的发电装置被连接到非理想配电网络，为插电式电动汽车（PEV）充电基础设施和其他连接到交流公共总线的本地负载供电，同时确保并联电压源转换器在动态条件下可靠运行。光伏阵列通过电压源逆变器连接，向负载和电池馈电，充当电源管理实体，并通过变流器提供无功功率和谐波功率支持。在 PEV 和可再生能源（RES）广泛并入电网的背景下，固有的间歇性和动态行为对建立弹性和灵活的控制框架提出了巨大挑战。因此，我们提出了一种解决方案，采用双低通滤波器与自适应噪声消除滤波算法集成，作为主要处理阶段。此外，还结合实施了基于积分器的频率锁定环路控制策略，以缓解电能质量问题、调节电压水平并纠正功率因数差异。此外，系统还能确保连续运行，即使在波动条件下也能为本地负载提供不间断的电力，同时还能作为一个无缝的 PEV 充电站发挥作用。此外，还以表格形式总结了控制器性能的比较分析以及电能质量评估。分析包括评估电网电流和电网电压的总谐波失真（THD），测量值分别为 2.36 % 和 3.60 %。这些值完全符合 IEEE 519 标准规定的限值，表明符合所需的电能质量标准。这种基于可再生能源的充电结构拓扑使用硬件原型进行了动态测试，并通过所获得的结果观察到其性能的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Electrification of Transportation: Policy Framework, Technical Aspects and Challenges in Pakistan - A Case Study 交通电气化：巴基斯坦的政策框架、技术方面和挑战--案例研究

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100803

Arsalan Masood , Syed Zulqadar Hassan , Tariq Kamal , Salman Khan , Syed Asad Abbas Rizvi , Salman Salman

Pakistan faces severe air pollution and high dependency on imported fossil fuels for transportation, urgently needing solutions. Electrification of transportation could address these issues, but Pakistan lacks a clear roadmap for adopting electric vehicles. This paper examines the electrification of transportation in Pakistan, focusing on policies, technical aspects, and standards. It looks at best practices from developed countries and discusses incentives offered by the Pakistani government to boost electric vehicle adoption. The study also explores challenges and opportunities in adopting electric vehicles within existing power systems. A SWOT analysis is included, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to electric vehicle policies and market integration in Pakistan. By reviewing these factors, the paper provides insights into the obstacles and potential benefits of electric vehicle adoption. It also suggests ways for developing nations like Pakistan to encourage widespread use of electric vehicles, aiming to reduce fossil fuel dependency and meet environmental goals.

巴基斯坦面临着严重的空气污染和交通对进口化石燃料的高度依赖，迫切需要解决方案。交通电气化可以解决这些问题，但巴基斯坦缺乏采用电动汽车的明确路线图。本文探讨了巴基斯坦的交通电气化问题，重点是政策、技术方面和标准。它参考了发达国家的最佳实践，并讨论了巴基斯坦政府为促进电动汽车的采用而提供的激励措施。研究还探讨了在现有电力系统中采用电动汽车所面临的挑战和机遇。研究还包括 SWOT 分析，强调了与巴基斯坦电动汽车政策和市场整合相关的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁。通过回顾这些因素，本文深入分析了采用电动汽车的障碍和潜在优势。本文还为巴基斯坦等发展中国家提出了鼓励广泛使用电动汽车的方法，旨在减少对化石燃料的依赖，实现环保目标。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient energy management and cost optimization using multi-objective grey wolf optimization for EV charging/discharging in microgrid 利用多目标灰狼优化法对微电网中的电动汽车充放电进行高效能源管理和成本优化

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100804

Swati Sharma, Ikbal Ali

The depletion of conventional energy sources coupled with the rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly underscored the necessity for electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) with advanced energy supply management within microgrids. Effective energy management of EVs and EVSEs is imperative to satisfy EV owners and stabilize microgrids. This paper introduces multi-objective grey wolf optimization (MOGWO) to optimize EVSE and EV charging costs. MOGWO achieves substantial cost savings through dynamic pricing based on time of day, state-of-charge and hour-based scheduling which promotes off-peak charging thereby enhancing system efficiency and reducing costs. The algorithm also provides flexibility for trip interruptions and outperforms other optimization algorithms in minimizing EV charging/discharging costs by achieving reductions of up to ₹488 and obtaining average grid efficiency up to 76.41 % during charging and 87.41 % during discharging. Integrating Vehicle-to-Grid and Grid-to-Vehicle systems enhances microgrid resilience and delivers economic benefits to EV owners. The cost optimization for EV charging/discharging has been executed using MATLAB 2023a software to determine the most cost-effective charging paths by considering energy availability and grid conditions. The evolving sustainable energy landscape combined with MOGWO paves the way for smarter and more resilient microgrids in the era of electrified transportation.

传统能源的枯竭加上电动汽车（EV）需求的不断增长，极大地凸显了在微电网中配备先进能源供应管理的电动汽车供电设备（EVSE）的必要性。为了满足电动汽车车主的需求并稳定微电网，对电动汽车和 EVSE 进行有效的能源管理势在必行。本文介绍了多目标灰狼优化（MOGWO）来优化 EVSE 和电动汽车充电成本。MOGWO 根据时间、充电状态和基于小时的调度进行动态定价，促进非高峰充电，从而提高系统效率并降低成本，从而大幅节约成本。该算法还为行程中断提供了灵活性，在最大限度降低电动汽车充电/放电成本方面优于其他优化算法，可实现高达 488 ₹的降幅，充电期间的平均电网效率高达 76.41%，放电期间的平均电网效率高达 87.41%。整合 "车对电网 "和 "电网对车 "系统可增强微电网的弹性，并为电动汽车车主带来经济效益。电动汽车充电/放电成本优化使用 MATLAB 2023a 软件执行，通过考虑能源可用性和电网条件，确定最具成本效益的充电路径。不断发展的可持续能源环境与 MOGWO 相结合，为电气化交通时代更智能、更灵活的微电网铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Performance analysis of shear horizontal one port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator for optimal liquid sensing based on finite element method 基于有限元法的用于最佳液体传感的剪切水平单端口表面声波 (SAW) 谐振器的性能分析

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100799

Yih Bing Chu

This paper presents the numerical study using finite element method for optimal liquid sensing performance of one port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator. Simulation shows that the extend of IDT-reflector gap can be optimized to contain most of the piezoelectric displacement. Various settings of liquid placement on the mentioned region yield distinct resonant frequency responses of the SAW sensor. For concentrated liquid with higher order of viscosity, magnitude of S-Parameter and phase of the propagating SAW can be applied to sense the liquid solutions. Based on the results, optimal liquid sensing performance of the device can be achieved when liquid droplet sized about 10 % of the aperture is placed in the middle position of the IDT-reflector gap conditioned at 1.5 λ. Using the formulated strategy, the one port SAW device distinguishes well 0 % to 100 % glycerine concentrations compared to limited detection range reported in the previous study. The finding includes equation of liquid turnover viscosity before shift in direction of the changes in S-Parameter measurement. The derived parameters can be set as reference to design the microfludic cell or lab-on-chip based on the one port SAW configuration for optimized liquid sensing performance.

本文采用有限元法对单孔表面声波（SAW）谐振器的最佳液体传感性能进行了数值研究。仿真结果表明，IDT-反射器间隙的延伸可以优化到包含大部分压电位移。在上述区域放置液体的不同设置会产生不同的声表面波传感器谐振频率响应。对于具有高阶粘度的浓缩液体，可以应用 S 参数的大小和声表面波传播的相位来感应液体溶液。根据研究结果，当液滴大小约为孔径的 10% 并置于 1.5 λ 条件下的 IDT - 反射器间隙的中间位置时，该装置可实现最佳的液体感应性能。与之前研究中报告的有限检测范围相比，采用所制定的策略，单端口声表面波装置可很好地区分 0% 至 100% 的甘油浓度。研究结果包括在 S 参数测量方向发生变化之前的液体流动粘度方程。得出的参数可作为设计基于单端口声表面波配置的微流控芯片或片上实验室的参考，以优化液体传感性能。

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引用次数: 0

Securing the IoT Landscape: A Comprehensive Review of Secure Systems in the Digital Era 确保物联网安全：全面回顾数字时代的安全系统

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100798

Sri Ramya Siraparapu, S.M.A.K. Azad

In today's digital landscape, robust security measures are crucial to safeguard sensitive data and assets due to the world's growing interconnectedness. This paper emphasizes the significance of IoT secure systems, discussing challenges, limitations and benefits to organizations, including enhanced operational efficiency, productivity and innovation. It explores the role of IoT secure systems in Industry 4.0, optimizing manufacturing processes and supply chain management. Practical applications across various industries such as smart homes, healthcare and automobiles illustrate specific advantages. Furthermore, the paper underscores the importance of standards and regulations, like the IoT Trust Model, in ensuring the security of IoT devices and networks. This comprehensive review uncovers unique insights in to how secure IoT systems are crucial resilience against emerging cyber threats, fostering trust in interconnected environments. The analysis reveals emerging trends in IoT security standards and identifies critical gaps in current regulations, offering a forward-looking perspective on ensuring the integrity and privacy across diverse domains. This paper visualizes the data through area and horizontal bar plots, providing clear insights in to the trends over the years.

在当今的数字化环境中，由于世界的互联性日益增强，强有力的安全措施对于保护敏感数据和资产至关重要。本文强调了物联网安全系统的重要性，讨论了物联网安全系统面临的挑战、局限性以及给企业带来的好处，包括提高运营效率、生产力和创新能力。本文探讨了物联网安全系统在工业 4.0、优化制造流程和供应链管理中的作用。智能家居、医疗保健和汽车等各行业的实际应用说明了其具体优势。此外，本文还强调了物联网信任模型等标准和法规在确保物联网设备和网络安全方面的重要性。这篇全面的评论揭示了安全的物联网系统如何对新出现的网络威胁起到至关重要的抵御作用，以及如何在互联环境中促进信任的独特见解。分析揭示了物联网安全标准的新兴趋势，找出了现行法规中的关键漏洞，为确保不同领域的完整性和隐私提供了前瞻性视角。本文通过面积图和横向柱状图对数据进行了可视化处理，为了解多年来的发展趋势提供了清晰的视角。

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引用次数: 0

A Noninvasive Sliding Mode Observer Based Approach for Detecting Open-Circuit Faults in HERIC Inverters 基于非侵入式滑动模式观测器的 HERIC 逆变器开路故障检测方法

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100793

M K P Muhammed Ramees , Md Waseem Ahmad

This article presents a new technique for detecting and localizing the open-circuit (OC) faults in the semiconductor switches of the Highly Efficient and Reliable Inverter Concept (HERIC) converter. It is a transformerless Photovoltaic (PV) inverter based on the full-bridge topology, with two extra switches on the AC side called ac bypass switches. The proposed method uses a sliding mode observer (SMO) to detect faults in the AC bypass switch and main switches of the full bridge inverter. To diagnose OC faults in the AC bypass leg, two parallel SMOs are created based on the converter’s state space model. Similarly, two SMOs are designed for the main switches. A residual is generated by combining the observed and measured grid currents to accurately locate the OC fault within the inverter system. To localize the faulty main switch, once the fault is detected the inverter is reconfigured and based on the grid current the faulty switch is identified. A major benefit of this method is that it does not rely on additional sensors for fault diagnosis, making the system more robust. The effectiveness and reliability of this approach are demonstrated through simulation studies. In addition, a laboratory prototype is developed to validate the practical applicability of the method.

本文介绍了一种用于检测和定位高效可靠逆变器概念（HERIC）转换器半导体开关开路（OC）故障的新技术。这是一种基于全桥拓扑结构的无变压器光伏（PV）逆变器，在交流侧有两个额外的开关，称为交流旁路开关。所提出的方法使用滑模观测器（SMO）来检测交流旁路开关和全桥逆变器主开关的故障。为了诊断交流旁路支路中的 OC 故障，根据转换器的状态空间模型创建了两个并行 SMO。同样，为主开关设计了两个 SMO。结合观测到的电网电流和测量到的电网电流生成残差，以准确定位逆变器系统内的 OC 故障。为了定位故障主开关，一旦检测到故障，就会重新配置逆变器，并根据电网电流确定故障开关。这种方法的主要优点是不依赖额外的传感器进行故障诊断，从而使系统更加稳健。模拟研究证明了这种方法的有效性和可靠性。此外，还开发了一个实验室原型，以验证该方法的实际适用性。

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