Farming System最新文献

Despite the growing demand for behaviour change research and the benefit of understanding how human behaviour influences use cases and the adoption of agricultural innovations, research on how behaviour change occurs and the state of knowledge in the field remains scarce. To address this concern, this study conducted a systematic literature review of behaviour change in sustainable agriculture between 2015 and 2024. Our search identified 568 studies. After careful evaluation, 74 primary studies were selected and analysed to synthesize key themes relevant to our research objectives. Findings point to four promising approaches (innovative, empowerment, historical and knowledge co-creation, and structural and systemic) that can effectively address the complex challenges and promote sustainability in behaviour change agriculture. By emphasizing long-term solutions and empowering farmers to make informed decisions, these approaches contribute to improved environmental health, increased farm economic profitability, and enhanced social equity and well-being for farmers. Further, we found socio-economic factors and environmental conditions as two key determinants that affect the adoption of sustainable agriculture practices. Thus, adoption of sustainable practices is influenced by a combination of factors, rather than any single variable behaviour and the implication of these factors can vary significantly across different regions and cultural contexts. Our analysis makes important contributions, namely, (i) defining behaviour change in sustainable agriculture, (ii) approaches on how behaviour change can occur, and (iii) model development on sustainable agriculture behaviour change. The study provides practical implications for government agencies, agricultural extension services, research institutions and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to identify specific behaviours that contribute to food insecurity and unsustainable agriculture practices. Such knowledge can help the creation of targeted interventions that address the root causes of these problems.

Forage production is a major challenge in the Salado River basin, Argentina (also denominated “Flooding Pampas”), the largest livestock raising area. The successful naturalization of the European legume Lotus tenuis (native from Mediterranean area) has been of productive and environmental relevance to the region. The main objective of this work was to quantify the efficiency of L. tenuis through its ability to fix nitrogen biologically and thus strengthening their strategic role in the region. The ¹⁵N natural abundance method was used to evaluate the Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) of L. tenuis in soil plots. Non-leguminous weed species in the same plots were utilized as reference plants. Simultaneously, evaluations were carried out in the greenhouse and the relative reproducibility of the field experiments. The results showed that L. tenuis promotion was accompanied by an increase in forage quality improving the Crude Protein (CP) content and the Digestibility of Dry Matter (DDM). Moreover, its contribution to N inputs to the system through BNF in symbiosis with native rhizobia was about 80%, a highly relevant percentage for these constrained agroecosystems where the presence of native legumes is very scarce. In conclusion, this study supports the hypothesis that L. tenuis promotion plays a strategic role in ecosystem sustainability in the Salado River basin, especially in soil constrained areas. Together with previously published data, including information on ruminant management, the results obtained contribute to supporting the idea that the naturalized legume plays a strategic role in the sustainability of marginal agricultural soils.

The agricultural sector is vulnerable to climate change (CC). Various climate-related extremes, such as droughts, heat waves, unpredictable rainfall patterns, storms, floods, and an increase in insect pests, have adversely affected farmers' livelihoods. Climate forecasts indicate a significant increase in temperatures and more inconsistent, extreme rainfall, obfuscating the prediction of extreme weather events. The IPCC projects that by the end of the 21st century, temperatures in Thailand will rise by 0.95 ​°C–3.23 ​°C. This study aims to review the current understanding of CC's impact on the agricultural sector and evaluate the adaptation measures being employed in Thailand. Farmers have begun adopting adaptive measures such as alternative farming techniques, crop diversification, and water management strategies to mitigate climate risks and maintain productivity. However, limited resources, knowledge gaps, and insufficient government support hinder widespread adoption. Targeted interventions and policy support are essential for enhancing adaptive capacity and resilience. The impacts on crop water requirements and livelihoods reveal vulnerabilities due to extreme weather events. Rain-fed agriculture faces significant yield declines and reduced crop water productivity, exacerbating economic impacts on rural households and leading to food insecurity and financial instability. Effective adaptation requires enhanced water management, sustainable practices, and improved institutional support. Community engagement and participatory approaches are vital for building resilience against CC impacts. Comprehensive, region-specific, and long-term studies are crucial for developing robust adaptive strategies.

A challenge facing agriculture is the need to increase food production while at the same time reducing negative sustainability-related consequences. The use of synthetic chemical pesticides in conventional agriculture, which dominates worldwide, is particularly critical in terms of sustainability. Pesticide-free agriculture, which dispenses with synthetic chemical pesticides and uses mineral fertilizers, is an option that ensures sufficient yields and is associated with beneficial sustainability-related consequences. For the establishment of pesticide-free agriculture, knowledge about the evaluation of food from this agricultural system is central. The aim of the study was to analyze how consumers perceive food from pesticide-free agriculture in relation to established products from conventional and organic agriculture. By means of an online questionnaire, 559 German consumers were surveyed. Three products (fruit, vegetables, and cereals) were evaluated by the participants depending on the agricultural system in which they were produced (conventional, organic, and pesticide-free agriculture). Four criteria (health value, naturalness, environmental effects of production, and trustworthiness) were used for evaluation. The analyses show that fruit, vegetables, and cereals from pesticide-free agriculture were perceived as significantly healthier, more natural, more environmentally friendly produced, and more trustworthy than conventional alternatives. Although food from organic farming fulfills various requirements that go beyond the absence of pesticides, there were no significant differences between organically produced and pesticide-free fruit, vegetables, and cereals regarding the evaluation criteria. The organic and pesticide-free product variants were rated as above-average healthy, natural, environmentally friendly, and trustworthy. Overall, it is evident that consumers perceive pesticide-free foods as more advantageous compared to conventional products; there is a clear differentiation. In contrast, consumers do not differentiate between organic and pesticide-free foods. Clear communication of the characteristics of pesticide-free and organic food would be important to enable consumers to make a clearer distinction between the product categories and make an informed purchasing decision.

Various climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices are being advocated in different agroecological zones of Ethiopia to enhance the sustainability, resilience, and productivity of the agricultural sector in response to climate change. Prioritizing and packaging these CSA practices are essential to amplify the impact of climate change mitigation efforts. By strategically selecting and prioritizing these practices and technologies, resources can be allocated effectively to activities with the highest potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, bolstering resilience, and fostering sustainable development. However, identifying and prioritizing climate-smart practices that cater to the needs of vulnerable farmers and are tailored to specific local contexts remains challenging, often hindered by subjective assessments and limited awareness. The objective of this paper was to enhance the precision and objectivity of prioritizing CSA practices by leveraging a combination of research findings and expert knowledge. The steps included the following: i) a CSA prioritization assessment framework was used to identify and prioritize CSA practices across various agro-ecologies based on the CSA pillars (productivity, adaptation, and mitigation); ii), a meta-analysis approach was employed to determine the effect size of various CSA practices on the three pillars of CSA practices; iii), the effect size values were rescaled and ranked based on effect size categories; and iv), correlation was performed to assess the relationship between the two approaches, and finally, average values were taken to integrate and determine the final rank of CSA practices. Overall, we found out that there were weak correlations between the ranks of the two approaches, resulted in a mismatch between the ranks of CSA practices by experts and meta-analysis results. Using the meta-analysis approach, only 35% of the CSA practices were equally ranked by both approaches, 40% of the CSA practices were more likely ranked by experts, while 25% of the CSA practices were more likely ranked by the meta-analysis approach. This implies that experts overestimated the effect of various CSA practices on various indicators of productivity, soil loss, and run-off and soil organic matter. Integrating the ranks of the two approaches helped to target CSA practices across various agro-ecological zones. According to the combined ranking, several CSA practices were targeted to six major agro-ecological zones in the country. These various CSA practices increase productivity, enhance adaptation, and sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Based on the availability of these CSA practices, it is possible to package various combinations of these practices.