Food Safety and Health最新文献

The present study investigated the incorporation of galgal (Citrus pseudolimon) peel powder (GPP) into wheat flour buns to improve their nutritional quality and antioxidant potential without compromising sensory acceptability. The objective was to determine whether GPP could enhance dietary fiber content and antioxidant capacity without adversely affecting product quality. Buns were formulated with 2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% GPP and evaluated for physicochemical, textural, sensory, nutritional, TPC, and antioxidant properties. Sensory evaluation by 12 semi-trained panelists indicated that buns containing up to 5% GPP were acceptable. Increasing GPP levels significantly increased hardness (N), chewiness (N·mm), and bulk density (g/cm³) while cohesiveness, springiness, and specific volume (cm³/g) decreased. Proximate analysis revealed an increase in dietary fiber and reductions in crude protein, crude fat, and water activity (a_w). TPC (mg GAE/100 g) increased significantly, reflecting a higher polyphenol concentration. Antioxidant activity, assessed via DPPH (%) and FRAP (μM Fe²⁺/g) assays, also increased significantly with higher GPP levels. These findings highlight the potential of galgal peel as a sustainable health-promoting functional ingredient, supporting the development of value-added bakery products that address public health nutrition and food waste reduction, thereby contributing to broader societal goals of health improvement and sustainable food systems.

The objective of this review was to examine the relationship between hormone disruption and other endocrine abnormalities in the context of the constant consumption of genetically modified foods and overexposure to chemicals used directly and indirectly in the agrifood industry. This review collates data pertinent to endocrine health and its correlation with dietary intake and the chemical substances that come into contact with food, including pesticides. We hypothesized that the changes caused by genetically modified organisms (GMOs) may have metabolic effects in the medium and long term, such as the proliferation of adipose tissue. Importantly, the scientific evidence on which we can rely has different slopes due to the types of studies and experiments necessary to verify them, as is the case for metabolic disorders, cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, and GMOs. Finally, it is imperative to acknowledge that the repercussions of disruptive compounds—which encompass, but are not limited to, pesticides and genetically modified organism derivatives—require additional investigation.

The widespread environmental presence of microplastics and their ability to enter the food chain are resulting in food contamination by these particles, which has been a serious health problem for the public. Products often consumed in the dairy and bakery industries are becoming more vulnerable to contamination by microplastics that come from packaging, processing, and the environment. The new findings of the studies on the long-term health impacts due to the ingestion of microplastics point to some serious health hazards. The findings of analyses on the availability of microplastics in dairy and bakery products are summarized in this review paper, along with the sources of contamination, classification of microplastics, and their health impact. This paper can present an overview for future studies on contamination of dairy and bakery products by microplastics, which is important for the strategies to reduce the contamination of the two top-growing food sectors.

Electronic-nose (E-Nose) technology delivers fast and precise detection of volatile substances by utilizing sophisticated data processing techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANN). This makes E-Nose technology a useful substitute for conventional sensory evaluation methods. E-Nose systems are now even more capable because of the incorporation of artificial intelligence, which allows for complex pattern recognition and odor classification. Ongoing developments in sensor technology and data processing algorithms are anticipated to cement the position of E-Nose systems as crucial instruments in guaranteeing food safety, environmental health, and precise medical diagnostics, notwithstanding obstacles associated with sensor stability and environmental sensitivity. This technology's future depends on ongoing innovation and improvement in analytical techniques as well as sensor designs. E-Nose technology has shown great potential in some fields, including medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food quality evaluation. This is especially true when combined with machine learning. The development of E-Nose systems from large power-hungry equipment to small, lightweight, and effective gadgets is examined in this research study.

Currently, there is a relative paucity of comparative studies on the metabolites of American ginseng from different geographical sources. This study aims to employ untargeted and targeted metabolomics to compare the variations in metabolites among Panax quinquefolius from Northeast China, Shandong, and the United States. In untargeted metabolomics analysis, a total of 1276 metabolites were identified, with 31 shared biomarker metabolites found in the P. quinquefolius samples. Further KEGG annotation and pathway enrichment analysis revealed 81 chemical classifications, with 4-year-old (DB4) ginseng from Northeast China primarily enriched in fatty acyls, whereas 4-year-old (MG4) American ginseng from the United States was mainly enriched in glycerophospholipids and prenol lipids. Arginine biosynthesis, as well as pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, was significantly involved in the distinction between DB4 and MG4. Quantitative analysis of 25 polyphenolic compounds in DB4, 4-year-old (SD4) American ginseng from Shandong Province in China, and MG4 through targeted metabolomics unveiled that trans-ferulic acid, sinapic acid, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and (+)-dihydrokaempferol can be used to distinguish American ginseng from Chinese ginseng. Furthermore, trans-ferulic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and octanoic acid can serve as markers to differentiate ginseng from Northeast China and Shandong. These findings reveal the distinctive metabolic characteristics and phenolic components of P. quinquefolius, providing valuable insights for determining its geographical origin and enhancing quality control.

Artisan colonial cheese (ACC), a key part of Brazilian culture, is made using traditional methods without pasteurization, which increases the risk of contamination by harmful bacteria such as some strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The widespread use of antimicrobials in recent decades has led to the emergence of E. coli strains resistant to multiple drugs. This resistance is concerning, especially in food products made using nonindustrial methods. To address this, phenotypic and genotypic methods are needed to identify resistant strains. This study aimed to address the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli strains from ACC in western Santa Catarina to 16 antimicrobials of clinical importance using the Kirby–Bauer method. Of the 116 isolates, 60% were multiresistant. Resistance was found in 93% of the tested antibiotics, with amikacin showing the highest resistance rate (38%). Imipenem was the only antibiotic effective against all isolates. Four isolates (3.4%) tested positive for the bla_TEM and tet_B resistance genes, but no carbapenemase-producing strains were found. This study emphasizes the importance of controlling antimicrobial use and developing new technologies to address resistant bacteria in food, as these strains pose risks to both human and animal health.

Citrus essential oil was used as the primary material in this investigation, with Tween 80 as the surfactant and ethanol serving as a cosurfactant. Using the low-energy emulsification method to prepare citrus essential oil microemulsions (CEO-M) with high water solubility and stability. The optimal formulation was identified as citrus essential oil: mixed surfactant = 2:8, with a mixed surfactant ratio of Tween 80 to ethanol of 3:1 after examining the particle size, PDI, and zeta potential of the microemulsion. When the essential oil concentration reached 60 mg/mL, the ABTS⁺ and DPPH radical scavenging abilities of the CEO-M were 1.34 times and 1.22 times than that of the CEO-C, respectively. After 8 days of storage, CEO-M-treated fresh-cut apples lost much less weight, softness, titratable acid content, and soluble solids than controls. Browning index (BI) in CEO-M-treated apples (44.42%) was significantly attenuated relative to controls (69.28%) and the CEO-C treated group (54.01%) (p < 0.05). The CEO-M treatment greatly lowered the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and the consumption of total phenolic content in fresh-cut apples. It inhibited the browning of the fruit. At the end of storage, the sensory scores of CEO-M were significantly higher than those of the control and CEO-C treatment groups.

In 2019, diabetes mellitus resulted in significant suffering in 9.3% of the global population, accounting for one in nine adult fatalities. The objective of this study was to use aqueous and ethanolic extracts of wild turmeric (Curcuma aromatica) rhizomes for phytochemical screening and to evaluate in vivo oral hypolipidemic and antidiabetic activities in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate to examine the effects on blood glucose and lipids. Diabetic and nondiabetic rats received ethanolic and aqueous (200 and 400 mg/kg) extracts for 21 days. The group of untreated diabetic individuals exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.001) in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, alongside a reduction (p < 0.05) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and body weight. After a 21-day treatment period, ethanolic extracts from Curcuma aromatica rhizomes at a dose of 400 mg/kg showed significantly (p < 0.001) decreased blood glucose levels and improved lipid profiles, thereby normalizing these parameters and preventing weight loss in diabetic rats as compared to the other group. Curcuma aromatica rhizome ethanolic extract shows significant antidiabetic properties, supporting its traditional use and potential for diabetes treatments. Further studies on active constituents and their antidiabetic mechanisms are needed.

Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), once integral to poultry feed formulations for their growth-enhancing properties, are increasingly associated with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, posing a significant threat to animal and human health. In response to this critical challenge, this research article explores the transformative potential of probiotic-enriched feed as a sustainable alternative to AGPs in promoting growth in poultry. Three potential probiotic strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFST062013, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus BDIFST24010, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BDIFST24009) were included in this study and their probiotic attributes were determined. Probiotic-enriched feed was formulated, and the field trial was conducted on broiler chicken. The isolates showed a good tolerance to acidic pH, bile salts, gastric juice, and showed good antimicrobial activities against pathogens. The isolates were more heat stable to make starter fed and sufficient cell counts was observed after 10 months of storage at 4°C. No significant difference was found between antibiotic and probiotics supplementation, but fat deposition in abdominal area was found in an antibiotic group compared to the probiotic group. In conclusion, the probiotic supplement developed is quite promising, but further field studies are required to more conclusive results before replacing antibiotic growth promoters aligning with contemporary imperatives for responsible agriculture and global health.

This study investigated the potential of fermented soybean extract (FSE) as an alternative therapy for lead (Pb) toxicity, without chelation side effects. This study is crucial for developing safe and effective treatments for patients with low Pb toxicity. Preliminary experiments were conducted using FSE concentrations ranging from 0 to 300 mg/L before evaluating their therapeutic effect against Pb-induced inflammation in the zebrafish model. Multivariate data analysis was employed, along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the 300 mg/L treatment group. The 50 mg/L group significantly altered four metabolites, namely, sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine, glucose, isoleucine, and glutamine, without necrosis-like cell death in TEM results such as observed in the 300 mg/L group. Citrulline increased in the untreated Pb group, but not in the FSE and DMSA treatment groups, suggesting retrieval of toxicity. This study highlights the potential of FSE as a therapeutic option for mitigating Pb toxicity, offering insight into food interventions in toxicology.