Food Safety and Health最新文献

The extensive application of carbendazim in agricultural practices has resulted in detectable residues across food commodities, necessitating the development of a rapid, sensitive, and field-deployable analytical platform for multiscenario monitoring. In this work, the multimode immunochromatography assay based on portable instruments has been constructed for sensitive and rapid detection of carbendazim. Under optimized working parameters, the visual detection mode (Mode 1) has achieved a visual detection limit of 1.0 ng/mL for carbendazim. The immunochromatography assay (Mode 2) based on a portable reader has realized the detection of carbendazim in the range from 1.0 to 500.0 ng/mL with an LOD as low as 0.32 ng/mL. The PC platform (Mode 3) developed in PyCharm software based on RGB values on the T line was conducted for carbendazim, achieving a detection range of 1.0–500.0 ng/mL and an LOD as low as 0.033 ng/mL. The accuracy and effectiveness of the developed multimode immunochromatography assay were successfully verified by HPLC and ELISA for the determination of carbendazim in tomato, cucumber, and tea samples. The proposed multimode immunochromatography assay provides a new mutual verification strategy for the rapid, sensitive detection of carbendazim and other pesticides in fruits and vegetables.

Gene knockout via homologous recombination is a powerful approach for investigating gene function in bacteria. Here, we present a streamlined protocol for constructing an unmarked gene knockout in Pseudomonas using the suicide plasmid pT18mobsacB. The method involves the insertion of upstream and downstream homologous arms into the plasmid, followed by two-step allelic exchange using tetracycline selection and sucrose counter-selection. Unlike commonly used vectors, pT18mobsacB confers tetracycline resistance, which offers broader inhibitory coverage across bacterial species and expands the host range of this system. The method enables precise marker-free knockout without leaving any antibiotic resistance cassette, allowing unrestricted downstream applications. A complete knockout can be achieved in as little as 1 week. Despite its versatility, the use of pT18mobsacB has been rarely detailed in previous literature. This protocol fills that gap by providing a fully annotated, reproducible guide that covers every experimental detail—from vector construction to mutant verification. It offers a valuable tool for functional genomics, microbial physiology, and applications ranging from food microbiology to biotechnology.

Aflatoxins (AFs) are known to be cancer causing substances recognized within milk along with the milk goods. Studies reported that AFs exhibit a significant degree of resistance to high-temperature processes such as pasteurization as well as ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment, indicating that these thermal methods are insufficient for their complete elimination. For decades, food safety and security have been critical priorities on both national and international levels, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures to avoid food contamination. The contamination of milk and dairy products with AFs poses severe health risks, including liver cancer, kidney damage, cardiac complications, and, in extreme cases, sudden death. Therefore, detecting and reducing AF concentrations in milk and related products is essential for safeguarding public health. Advanced analytical methods such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are widely employed for the detection of AFs in milk and dairy products. Strategies to reduce AF contamination include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Physical methods such as thermal deactivation, ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, ionizing radiation, and solvent extraction are commonly applied to decrease AF levels.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), stable products of nonenzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and biological macromolecules, are widely present in biological tissues and processed foods. Their aberrant accumulation links to chronic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. This experimental protocol focuses on systematic AGE detection methods to provide standardized operational references for relevant studies. Based on AGE's three classifications (cross-linked fluorescent, non-cross-linked, and nonfluorescent cross-linked) and dicarbonyl metabolite characteristics (e.g., MGO, GO), the guideline establishes a multitiered detection system: total AGEs quantified via fluorescence spectrophotometry, non-cross-linked AGEs (e.g., CML, CEL) specifically detected by HPLC–MS/MS, pentosidine targeted via LC–MS/MS, and reactive dicarbonyl intermediates (MGO, GO) determined by GC–MS. This furnishes a technically feasible and accurate framework for fundamental AGE research. This integrated approach enhances methodological standardization, reproducibility, and accuracy/comprehensiveness of AGE detection across samples. By providing clear workflows, method comparisons, and applicability guidelines, this document seeks reliable and comparable results in basic/applied AGE research.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), stable products of nonenzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and biological macromolecules, are widely present in biological tissues and processed foods. Their aberrant accumulation links to chronic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. This experimental protocol focuses on systematic AGE detection methods to provide standardized operational references for relevant studies. Based on AGE's three classifications (cross-linked fluorescent, non-cross-linked, and nonfluorescent cross-linked) and dicarbonyl metabolite characteristics (e.g., MGO, GO), the guideline establishes a multitiered detection system: total AGEs quantified via fluorescence spectrophotometry, non-cross-linked AGEs (e.g., CML, CEL) specifically detected by HPLC–MS/MS, pentosidine targeted via LC–MS/MS, and reactive dicarbonyl intermediates (MGO, GO) determined by GC–MS. This furnishes a technically feasible and accurate framework for fundamental AGE research. This integrated approach enhances methodological standardization, reproducibility, and accuracy/comprehensiveness of AGE detection across samples. By providing clear workflows, method comparisons, and applicability guidelines, this document seeks reliable and comparable results in basic/applied AGE research.

This systematic review evaluates the principles, advancements, and applications of LIBS across diverse food matrices, synthesizing findings from 10 peer-reviewed studies identified through rigorous PRISMA-guided searches in ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed (2010–2025). Results demonstrate LIBS's capacity for real-time, minimally destructive analysis with minimal sample preparation, achieving detection limits of 0.009–6.9 mg/kg through innovations such as nanoparticle-enhanced ablation and hybrid systems (LIBS-Raman). Portable LIBS devices further highlight the technique's potential for decentralized monitoring in resource-limited settings. However, challenges persist in sensitivity for trace-level residues (< 1 ppm) and matrix interference from organic components, necessitating advanced chemometric models for accurate quantification. This review underscores LIBS's alignment with green analytical chemistry principles by eliminating solvent use and reducing hazardous waste. Although LIBS excels in rapid screening, its reliance on elemental proxies limits standalone confirmatory testing, requiring integration with techniques such as mass spectrometry. Future research must prioritize hybrid platforms, AI-driven spectral interpretation, and standardized validation protocols to bridge sensitivity gaps and enhance regulatory acceptance. By balancing agricultural productivity with public health demands, LIBS stands poised to revolutionize food safety analytics, offering a pragmatic solution for global pesticide monitoring amid escalating agricultural intensification and sustainability imperatives.

There is limited research on the safety of repeatedly heated palm kernel oil for deep frying of various food commodities. This study, therefore, investigated the safety of palm kernel oil at different frying cycles by examining the changes in moisture content, color, free fatty acids, peroxide value, and saponification value using standard methods. The results indicated a significant upsurge (p < 0.05) in free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and saponification value (SV), with a strong positive correlation among the three parameters after repeated frying. However, a negative correlation was observed between moisture and the oxidized metabolites (FFA, PV, and SV) when subjected to multivariate analysis (principal component analysis). Because the quality of the palm kernel oil deteriorates beyond the acceptable safe limit (15 meq/kg for peroxide value) at the third frying cycle, it is recommended that palm kernel oil should not be reused after the second frying cycle.

The evolution of diet due to cultural, economic, and social factors has been an ongoing phenomenon that is heavily influenced by the rise of health issues, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite enormous public attention, the importance of diet as a key determinant of health, physical fitness, and diseases such as non-communicable diseases (NCD) has remained underscored. This review emphasizes different diet types, providing insights into their nutritional content and health effects. Vegetarian and vegan diets, ketogenic diets, Mediterranean diets, Western diets, pescatarian diets, flexitarian diets, and territorial diversified diets are discussed, highlighting their influences on health, and diseases. A total of 191 peer-reviewed articles and reviews published between 2012 and 2025 have been analyzed to understand the role of various diets in preventing and dealing with the emerging global epidemic of NCDs. Significant heterogeneity have been observed in these study reports. As a result, we performed a narrative synthesis only. Nevertheless, the present review calls for ongoing research and a better understanding of factors contributing to the quality of diets and their impact on health outcomes. The identification of gaps and challenges within the current knowledge base is crucial for guiding future research directions in the ever-evolving area of dietary interventions.

Red yeast rice (RYR), a traditional fermented food product derived from Monascus purpureus cultivation on rice, has been utilized as both food and food additive throughout East Asian countries for centuries. RYR contains lovastatin, a primary bioactive component with cholesterol-lowering properties. This study investigated lovastatin extraction from Monascus purpureus fermented finger millet. Thin-layer chromatography detected lovastatin in the extract with an Rf value of 0.68, comparable to the standard (0.69). HPLC analysis quantified lovastatin at 7.63 mg/g with a retention time (6.02 min) similar to the standard (6.10 min). The compound was purified via column chromatography with fractions confirmed by TLC. FTIR analysis of the purified compound revealed a characteristic lactone ring peak at 1765 cm⁻¹, matching standard lovastatin. NMR spectroscopy further verified its molecular formula and weight as identical to reference standards. The purified lovastatin demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, with 71% inhibition at 400 μg/mL concentration compared to standard ascorbic acid (85%). These findings suggested that finger millet is a viable substrate for Monascus purpureus-mediated lovastatin production with promising antioxidant properties, which could be adopted for large-scale production of lovastatin, and this fermented food can be used as a functional food.

There is limited research on the safety of repeatedly heated palm kernel oil for deep frying of various food commodities. This study, therefore, investigated the safety of palm kernel oil at different frying cycles by examining the changes in moisture content, color, free fatty acids, peroxide value, and saponification value using standard methods. The results indicated a significant upsurge (p < 0.05) in free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and saponification value (SV), with a strong positive correlation among the three parameters after repeated frying. However, a negative correlation was observed between moisture and the oxidized metabolites (FFA, PV, and SV) when subjected to multivariate analysis (principal component analysis). Because the quality of the palm kernel oil deteriorates beyond the acceptable safe limit (15 meq/kg for peroxide value) at the third frying cycle, it is recommended that palm kernel oil should not be reused after the second frying cycle.