Fundamental Plasma Physics最新文献

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Design and analysis of high voltage DC power supply system for the nuclear fusion application 核聚变用高压直流电源系统的设计与分析

Fundamental Plasma Physics

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpp.2026.100108

Ashok D. Mankani , Priyesh Chauhan , Suryakant Gupta , Saurabh Kumar , Amal S , Aritra Chakraborty , Aditya Naugraiya , Meddi Tharun , Abhishek Singh , Paul Christian , Ujjwal Kumar Baruah

Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), a premier national institute working in the field of plasma physics and nuclear fusion has designed a 500 kV/2 A DC High Voltage Power Supply (HVPS) System. This power supply is best suited for High Power (≥ 1 MW) and High Energy (≥100 keV) Neutral Beam Injector (NBI), an important Heating & Current Drive System used in magnetic confinement reactor TOKAMAK. The HVPS design emphasizes on its tight performance requirements viz. wider output voltage control range (20 % - 100 %), stability (≤ 1 %), ripple (≤ 5 %), fast turn ON & OFF time (few tens of µsec), repeated breakdown withstand capability together with lower input harmonics and near unity power factor. The design also takes into account the modularity, scalability, reliability, availability and maintainability aspects. The power supply comprises of a thyristor controlled rectifier forming common DC-Link powering the five stages of Inverter coupled High Voltage Transformer Rectifiers Units (HV-TRU). The output of each HV-TRUs are connected in series to produce 500 kV DC output. This paper elaborates the design of HVPS for NBI system including component sizing, selection, and topology of all the key elements of the power supply system supported by the simulation analysis carried out in ®MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSys validating the functional and performance requirements mentioned above.

等离子体研究所（IPR）是在等离子体物理和核聚变领域工作的主要国家机构，设计了500 kV/ 2a直流高压电源（HVPS）系统。该电源最适合于大功率（≥1 MW）和高能（≥100 keV）中性束注入器（NBI），这是磁约束反应堆托卡马克中重要的加热和电流驱动系统。HVPS设计强调其严格的性能要求，即更宽的输出电压控制范围（20% - 100%），稳定性（≤1%），纹波（≤5%），快速接通和关闭时间（几十µsec），耐重复击穿能力以及更低的输入谐波和接近统一的功率因数。设计还考虑了模块化、可扩展性、可靠性、可用性和可维护性等方面。电源由晶闸管控制的整流器组成，形成共同的DC-Link，为逆变器耦合高压互感器整流器单元（HV-TRU）的五级供电。每台高压- truu的输出串联起来，产生500kv直流输出。本文详细阐述了NBI系统HVPS的设计，包括电源系统各关键元件的尺寸、选型和拓扑结构，并在MATLAB/Simulink/SimPowerSys中进行了仿真分析，验证了上述功能和性能要求。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid fluid-kinetic cylindrical equilibria with axial background magnetic field 具有轴向背景磁场的混合流体-动力学圆柱平衡

Fundamental Plasma Physics

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpp.2025.100105

D.A. Kaltsas , A.I. Kuiroukidis , G.N. Throumoulopoulos

Self-consistent, one-dimensional quasineutral screw-pinch equilibria are constructed within a hybrid model that couples fluid electrons with kinetic ions governed by the Vlasov equation. The equilibria depend on the radial coordinate perpendicular to the cylindrical axis and include an axial background magnetic field. Adopting a three-parameter ion distribution function depending on the energy and the canonical momenta conjugate to the two ignorable coordinates, the problem is reduced to a set of four quasilinear ODEs which are solved numerically. Both static equilibria and equilibria with macroscopic ion sheared velocities are obtained. The pressure of the electron fluid is isotropic and the electron contribution to the current density is parallel to the magnetic field, while the kinetic ions are associated with a non-gyrotropic pressure tensor. By means of the solutions the various equilibrium quantities are calculated and the impact of the free parameters on the equilibrium characteristics is examined.

在一个由Vlasov方程控制的流体电子与动力学离子耦合的混合模型中，建立了自洽的一维准中性螺旋夹紧平衡。平衡依赖于垂直于圆柱轴的径向坐标，并包括轴向背景磁场。采用依赖于能量和正则动量共轭于两个可忽略坐标的三参数离子分布函数，将问题简化为四个拟线性ode的集合，并进行数值求解。得到了静态平衡和具有宏观离子剪切速度的平衡。电子流体的压力是各向同性的，电子对电流密度的贡献与磁场平行，而动力学离子则与非陀螺向压力张量有关。利用这些解计算了各种平衡量，并考察了自由参数对平衡特性的影响。

引用次数: 0

Unstable O-mode generation in confined plasmas with multi-parametric gradient effects 具有多参数梯度效应的受限等离子体中不稳定o模的产生

Fundamental Plasma Physics

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpp.2025.100104

Banashree Saikia , Paramananda Deka , Pralay Kumar Karmakar

In magnetically confined plasmas, gradients in density, temperature, and magnetic field generate low-frequency drift waves, which resonantly interact with plasma particles. In this investigation, we consider a nonlinear process due to which the energy of an accelerated particle may transfer to the O-mode present in the confined plasma system through a modulated field. This nonlinear process is based on a kinetic approach, analyzed using the Vlasov-Maxwell model system of equations. In this study, we derive the nonlinear dispersion relation for the O-mode incorporating gradient parameters and estimate its growth rate. Observational data from the Earth’s magnetosphere are used to analyze the influence of these gradient parameters and other plasma conditions. The results are relevant in predicting O-mode instabilities in inhomogeneous confined plasma systems, like Tokamaks, magnetospheric plasmas, etc.

在磁约束等离子体中，密度、温度和磁场的梯度产生低频漂移波，这些漂移波与等离子体粒子共振相互作用。在这项研究中，我们考虑了一个非线性过程，由于加速粒子的能量可能通过调制场转移到受限等离子体系统中存在的o模式。这一非线性过程基于动力学方法，使用Vlasov-Maxwell模型方程组进行分析。本文导出了包含梯度参数的o模的非线性色散关系，并估计了其增长率。利用地球磁层的观测数据分析了这些梯度参数和其他等离子体条件的影响。结果对于预测托卡马克、磁层等离子体等非均匀受限等离子体系统的o模不稳定性具有重要意义。

引用次数: 0

Study of hydroxyl radical (A,0) generated in DBD at ambient pressure with power supply frequency 50 Hz 常压下50hz电源频率下DBD生成羟基自由基（A,0）的研究

Fundamental Plasma Physics

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpp.2025.100100

Akhilesh Kumar Singh , Rajesh Prakash Guragain , Keshav Raj Sigdel , Ganesh Kuwar Chhetri , Hom Bahadur Baniya , Deepak Prasad Subedi , Ujjwal Man Joshi

The light emitted spectra of air and air/argon plasmas at ambient pressure in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operating at power supply frequency, 50 Hz, were recorded using an optical emission spectrometer (OES). The spectra cover the full wavelength range from 2000 A⁰ to 11,000 A⁰. It was found that air/argon plasma displays the radical composed of OH (A²Σ⁺(v′=0) → X²Π(v″=0)) at 3090 A⁰, a feature not observed in air plasma. The LIFBASE software suite was utilized to obtain the best fit between simulated and experimental spectra. At a voltage amplitude of 11.6 kV and a discharge gap of 0.3 cm, the plasma gas temperature, determined from the OH (3090 A⁰) line, was found to be 420 ± 10 K. Additionally, the intensity of the OH radical (3090A⁰) in air/argon plasma was studied in relation to the argon gas flow rate, applied voltage, and discharge gap. The results showed that, at a constant discharge gap, the OH intensity increases with higher argon flow and applied voltage. However, as the discharge gap increases, the OH intensity first rises and then decreases. The maximum OH intensity for a given applied voltage occurs at a discharge gap of 0.3 cm. Furthermore, the electrical diagnostics of air/argon plasma were done. Using the current density method, the electron concentration was found to be around 10¹⁷ m^-3. Analysis of the current and voltage waveforms, along with the Lissajous figure approach, indicated that the reactor's power consumption was 6.2 watts. These findings contribute to a better understanding of DBD plasma's physical and chemical properties, and its potential applications in fields such as plasma agriculture, plasma chemistry and plasma medicine.

用光学发射光谱仪（OES）记录了50hz电源频率下介质阻挡放电（DBD）条件下空气和空气/氩气等离子体的发射光谱。光谱覆盖了从2000 A0到11000 A0的整个波长范围。发现空气/氩气等离子体在3090 A0处显示出OH (A²Σ + （v ' =0)→X²Π（v″=0））+组成的自由基，这在空气等离子体中没有观察到。利用LIFBASE软件实现了模拟光谱与实验光谱的最佳拟合。在电压幅值为11.6 kV，放电间隙为0.3 cm时，等离子体气体温度为420±10 K，由OH （3090 A0）线测定。此外，还研究了氩气流量、外加电压和放电间隙对空气/氩气等离子体中OH自由基（3090A0）强度的影响。结果表明，在一定的放电间隙下，随着氩气流量和施加电压的增大，OH强度增大。但随着放电间隙的增大，OH强度先升高后降低。在给定的施加电压下，最大OH强度发生在0.3 cm的放电间隙。此外，还对空气/氩气等离子体进行了电气诊断。利用电流密度法，发现电子浓度在1017 m-3左右。通过对电流和电压波形的分析，结合Lissajous图法，表明反应器的功耗为6.2瓦。这些发现有助于更好地了解DBD等离子体的物理和化学性质，以及它在等离子农业、等离子化学和等离子医学等领域的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

A Lagrangian-frame technique for investigating plasma turbulence in complex underlying system-scale structures 研究复杂底层系统尺度结构中等离子体湍流的拉格朗日框架技术

Fundamental Plasma Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpp.2025.100099

Giovanni Lapenta , Jean Berchem , Mostafa El-Alaoui , Raymond Walker , Harikrishnan Aravindakshan , Nadja Reisinger , Francesco Pucci , Giuseppe Arrò , Fabio Bacchini

We present a method to visualize and analyze turbulence within macroscopic flows that feature complex structures not determined by the turbulence itself. We introduce a technique to shift to a Lagrangian frame that captures the macroscopic scales not part of the turbulent cascade. We then study turbulence within this frame that is comoving with the large-scale nonturbulent flow. The method is applied to Particle-in-Cell simulations of astrophysical plasma. Specifically, we use two cases to illustrate the new method. First, we consider a magnetic perturbation in the solar wind interacting with the bow shock, magnetosheath, and magnetopause in the dayside of the Earth. Second, we consider an Earthward flow generated by magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail. In these cases we show how the Lagrangian frame can be used to distinguish turbulent fluctuations from the macroscopic flow structures due to the evolution of the system caused by macroscopic forcing.

我们提出了一种方法来可视化和分析宏观流动中的湍流，这些湍流具有复杂的结构，而不是由湍流本身决定的。我们介绍了一种转移到拉格朗日框架的技术，该框架捕获了不属于湍流级联的宏观尺度。然后，我们在与大尺度非湍流运动的框架内研究湍流。该方法应用于天体物理等离子体的细胞内粒子模拟。具体来说，我们用两个案例来说明新方法。首先，我们考虑太阳风中的磁扰动与地球白天侧的弓激波、磁鞘和磁层顶相互作用。其次，我们考虑由磁尾中的磁重联产生的向地流。在这些情况下，我们展示了如何使用拉格朗日框架来区分湍流波动和宏观流动结构，这是由于宏观强迫引起的系统演化。

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引用次数: 0

Non-modal stability analysis of magnetohydrodynamic flows for liquid metal blankets of fusion reactors 熔堆液态金属包层磁流体动力流动的非模态稳定性分析

Fundamental Plasma Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpp.2025.100097

Matteo Lo Verso , Carolina Introini , Eric Cervi , Matteo Di Prinzio , Marco Caramello , Francesca Giacobbo , Francois Foulon , Xiang Wang , Laura Savoldi , Antonio Cammi

The research and experimentation in the field of magnetic confinement fusion is constantly advancing. For precise control of the thermonuclear plasma and the operating fluids in fusion reactors, it is essential to reach a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of conducting fluids interacting with magnetic fields. This study focuses on one of the options envisaged for the breeding blanket of the future tokamaks and explores the impact of different magnetic profiles on the flow regime of lead-lithium. The stability of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in an infinite pipe is investigated, with a focus on the influence of the applied magnetic field on fluid dynamics. This study specifically compares the effects of magnetic fields with different intensity on the general stability. Both the classical modal stability analysis and the more recent non-modal approach have been adopted to study, respectively, the asymptotic and the short-term evolution of the magnetohydrodyamic system after perturbations in the applied magnetic field or in the thermofluid regime. The results highlight the importance of using the non-modal stability, which allows to investigate the transient growths experienced by the perturbed system, a phenomenon not observable by modal stability analysis alone. Additionally, a zero-dimensional lumped model of the lead-lithium pipe flow is examined to study the impact of thermal effects on system stability and wall deformations of the pipe. The results suggest that the deformation effects experienced by the walls due to temperature oscillations in the perturbed system are negligible.

磁约束聚变领域的研究和实验正在不断推进。为了精确控制核聚变反应堆中的热核等离子体和工作流体，必须全面了解导电流体与磁场相互作用的行为。本研究的重点是未来托卡马克繁殖毯设想的一种选择，并探讨了不同磁剖面对铅锂流动状态的影响。研究了无限大管道中磁流体动力学（MHD）流动的稳定性，重点研究了外加磁场对流体动力学的影响。本研究具体比较了不同强度磁场对总体稳定性的影响。本文分别采用经典的模态稳定性分析和较新的非模态方法研究了外加磁场或热流体扰动后磁流体动力系统的渐近演化和短期演化。结果强调了使用非模态稳定性的重要性，它允许研究受扰系统所经历的瞬态增长，这是仅用模态稳定性分析无法观察到的现象。此外，还建立了铅锂管道流动的零维集总模型，研究了热效应对系统稳定性和管壁变形的影响。结果表明，在受扰动的体系中，由于温度振荡引起的壁面变形影响可以忽略不计。

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引用次数: 0

Axisymmetric coil winding surfaces for non-axisymmetric fusion devices 非轴对称熔合装置的轴对称线圈绕组表面

Fundamental Plasma Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpp.2025.100098

J. Biu , R. Jorge

Stellarators are fusion energy devices that confine a plasma using non-axisymmetric magnetic fields. Complex coils with tight construction tolerances are needed to create such fields. To simplify such coils, we use a method here to create filamentary curves bounded to a coil winding surface. This approach bypasses the need to find contours of the current potential in that surface while allowing gradients to be obtained for both the winding surface and the coil shapes. The parameterization of the coil curves allows the modeling of both modular and helical coils. As an application, we optimize a set of coils to reproduce a quasisymmetric stellarator equilibrium. A comparison is performed between coils parameterized in two different winding surfaces, namely an axisymmetric circular toroidal surface and a surface rescaled from the plasma boundary. Finally, an analysis is performed on the optimal distance between the plasma and the coil winding surface.

仿星器是利用非轴对称磁场限制等离子体的聚变能装置。制造这样的磁场需要具有严格结构公差的复杂线圈。为了简化这样的线圈，我们在这里使用一种方法来创建以线圈缠绕表面为界的细丝曲线。这种方法绕过了在该表面上查找电流电位轮廓的需要，同时允许获得绕组表面和线圈形状的梯度。线圈曲线的参数化允许模块化和螺旋线圈的建模。作为应用，我们优化了一组线圈来重现准对称仿星器平衡。比较了在两种不同的绕组表面上参数化的线圈，即轴对称环面和从等离子体边界重新缩放的表面。最后，对等离子体与线圈绕组表面之间的最佳距离进行了分析。

引用次数: 0

Fusion research in a Deuterium-Tritium tokamak 氘-氚托卡马克的聚变研究

Fundamental Plasma Physics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpp.2025.100096

Emilia R. Solano

The recent ITER re-baselining calls for new fusion-relevant research best carried out in a DT-capable tokamak device with similar technical choices. The present paper describes key issues that could be addressed in a Suitably Enhanced DT-capable Tokamak (SET), with tungsten plasma facing components, boronization systems, and 10 MW of ECRH, based on JET’s characteristics and knowledgebase. We discuss hardware options, and show that fusion-relevant operational scenarios could be achieved. Notably, development, validation and testing of fusion and nuclear diagnostics, to be used in next generation devices, would require a DT-capable tokamak as described.

最近的ITER重新设定基线要求新的核聚变相关研究最好在具有类似技术选择的具有dt能力的托卡马克装置中进行。本文根据JET的特点和知识库，描述了在具有钨等离子体面组件、硼化系统和10mw ECRH的适当增强的dt能力托卡马克（SET）中可以解决的关键问题。我们讨论了硬件选项，并展示了可以实现与融合相关的操作场景。值得注意的是，用于下一代设备的核聚变和核诊断的开发、验证和测试将需要具有dt功能的托卡马克。

引用次数: 0

Revealing noncanonical Hamiltonian structures in relativistic fluid dynamics 揭示相对论流体动力学中的非正则哈密顿结构

Fundamental Plasma Physics

Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpp.2025.100092

Keiichiro Takeda , Naoki Sato

We present the noncanonical Hamiltonian structure of the relativistic Euler equations for a perfect fluid in Minkowski spacetime. By identifying the system’s noncanonical Poisson bracket and Hamiltonian, we show that relativistic fluid flows preserve helicity and enstrophy as conserved quantities in three-dimensional and two-dimensional cases, respectively. This holds when the fluid follows a relativistic

γ

-barotropic equation of state, which generalizes the classical barotropic condition. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these conserved quantities are Casimir invariants associated with the noncanonical Poisson structure. These findings open new avenues for applying Hamiltonian theory to the study of astrophysical fluids and relativistic plasmas.

我们给出了闵可夫斯基时空中完美流体的相对论欧拉方程的非正则哈密顿结构。通过识别系统的非正则泊松括号和哈密顿量，我们证明了相对论性流体流动分别在三维和二维情况下保持螺旋度和熵作为守恒量。当流体遵循相对论性γ-正压状态方程时，这一点成立，它推广了经典的正压条件。此外，我们证明了这些守恒量是与非正则泊松结构相关的卡西米尔不变量。这些发现为将哈密顿理论应用于天体物理流体和相对论等离子体的研究开辟了新的途径。

引用次数: 0

Generation of mega-gauss axial and azimuthal magnetic fields in a solid plasma by ultrahigh intensity, circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses 用超高强度圆偏振飞秒激光脉冲在固体等离子体中产生兆高斯轴向和方位磁场

Fundamental Plasma Physics

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fpp.2025.100088

Anandam Choudhary , Laxman Prasad Goswami , C. Aparajit , Amit D. Lad , Ameya Parab , Yash M. Ved , Trishul Dhalia , Amita Das , G. Ravindra Kumar

The interaction of intense linearly polarized (LP) femtosecond laser pulses with solids is known to generate azimuthal magnetic fields, while circularly polarized (CP) light has been shown to create axial fields. We demonstrate through experiments and particle-in-cell simulations that circularly polarized light can generate both axial and azimuthal fields of comparable magnitude in a plasma created in a solid. Angular distributions of the generated fast electrons at the target front and rear show significant differences between the results for the two polarization states, with circular polarization enforcing more axial confinement. The measurement of the spatial distribution of both types of magnetic fields captures their turbulent evolution.

强线偏振（LP）飞秒激光脉冲与固体的相互作用已知会产生方位磁场，而圆偏振（CP）光已被证明会产生轴向磁场。我们通过实验和细胞内粒子模拟证明，圆偏振光可以在固体中产生的等离子体中产生相当大小的轴向和方位场。在两种极化状态下，产生的快电子在目标前后的角分布有显著差异，圆极化对轴向约束作用更强。测量这两种磁场的空间分布可以捕捉到它们的湍流演化。

引用次数: 0

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