Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11100540
Juan C. Stockert, Alfonso Blázquez-Castro
Many fluorophores display interesting features that make them useful biological labels and chemosensors, in particular in Cell Biology. Changes in the absorption-emission spectra (ortho- and metachromasia) are accounted among them. Acridine orange (AO) is one such fluorochromes that shows a prototypical orthochromatic vs. metachromatic behavior depending on its concentration and binding mode to different cellular substrates. Here, we revisit the differential AO fluorescence that occurs in selected biological examples, which allows for the identification of single-stranded or double-stranded nucleic acids. Although known for long, the ultimate reason for this phenomenon has not been properly advanced. We provide a potential molecular mechanism that adequately accounts for the different aspects of the phenomenon. This theoretical mechanism implies a difference in the degree of overlap of excited state orbitals whenever AO molecules are interacting with a single-stranded or a double-stranded nucleic acid. In the first case, massive π-electron overlapping between bases and intercalated AO leads to a metachromatic red emission. On the contrary, no excited-state orbital overlapping in AO-intercalated DNA duplexes is possible due to excessive separation between AO molecules and compliancy to the nearest neighbor exclusion principle, which manifests as orthochromatic green fluorescence.
{"title":"Updating Ortho- and Metachromatic Acridine Orange Fluorescence in Cytochemical Chromosome Staining: A Proposal for Understanding Its Differential Fluorescence on Double- and Single-Stranded Nucleic Acids Substrates Based on Intercalation","authors":"Juan C. Stockert, Alfonso Blázquez-Castro","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11100540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100540","url":null,"abstract":"Many fluorophores display interesting features that make them useful biological labels and chemosensors, in particular in Cell Biology. Changes in the absorption-emission spectra (ortho- and metachromasia) are accounted among them. Acridine orange (AO) is one such fluorochromes that shows a prototypical orthochromatic vs. metachromatic behavior depending on its concentration and binding mode to different cellular substrates. Here, we revisit the differential AO fluorescence that occurs in selected biological examples, which allows for the identification of single-stranded or double-stranded nucleic acids. Although known for long, the ultimate reason for this phenomenon has not been properly advanced. We provide a potential molecular mechanism that adequately accounts for the different aspects of the phenomenon. This theoretical mechanism implies a difference in the degree of overlap of excited state orbitals whenever AO molecules are interacting with a single-stranded or a double-stranded nucleic acid. In the first case, massive π-electron overlapping between bases and intercalated AO leads to a metachromatic red emission. On the contrary, no excited-state orbital overlapping in AO-intercalated DNA duplexes is possible due to excessive separation between AO molecules and compliancy to the nearest neighbor exclusion principle, which manifests as orthochromatic green fluorescence.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11100539
Xun Cao
To understand the formation process of ordered Au nano-ring arrays (NRA), a series of factors—including etchant gas and flow rate, chamber pressure and RF power—were systematically studied and a set of optimum parameters were deduced to fabricate this interesting structure. With plenty of active sites previously reported, a new role of ordered Au NRA is unlocked in this work. The ordered Au NRA could perform the electrochemical removal of rhodamine 6G (R-6G) at a high concentration in seawater within 12 min and complete discoloration within 9 min, which demonstrates ~7 times efficiency improvement from previous studies. The nanostructured surface also makes the ordered Au NRA a good substrate material in R-6G sensing using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which performs with better accuracy than the ultraviolet–visible light technique.
{"title":"Fabrication of Large-Area Ordered Au Nano-Ring Arrays for the Electrochemical Removal and Sensing of Rhodamine 6G Molecules","authors":"Xun Cao","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11100539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100539","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the formation process of ordered Au nano-ring arrays (NRA), a series of factors—including etchant gas and flow rate, chamber pressure and RF power—were systematically studied and a set of optimum parameters were deduced to fabricate this interesting structure. With plenty of active sites previously reported, a new role of ordered Au NRA is unlocked in this work. The ordered Au NRA could perform the electrochemical removal of rhodamine 6G (R-6G) at a high concentration in seawater within 12 min and complete discoloration within 9 min, which demonstrates ~7 times efficiency improvement from previous studies. The nanostructured surface also makes the ordered Au NRA a good substrate material in R-6G sensing using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which performs with better accuracy than the ultraviolet–visible light technique.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135918111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11100537
Hye-Ree Han
The necessity for complex functionality materials is increasing due to the emergence of high-tech technologies and the deepening needs of B-to-B companies in the industry. Study on advanced multifunctional materials is also increasing due to interest in fields such as the the Internet of Things (IOT), Fourth Industrial Revolution, and artificial intelligence (AI). Nanomaterials have the advantage of having a large surface area, making it easier to express more efficient properties, and they have been widely applied recently in various fields. When designing new materials for specific applications, it is often important to control the shape, size distribution, surface properties, dispersion, and agglomeration stability of synthetic nanoparticles, as well as the elemental and nanocrystalline compositions of the materials. Nanomaterials have infinite potential, but there are not many cases of collection and structural classification. Therefore, I attempted to conduct an in-depth systematic review by categorizing nanomaterials into nanoparticles, nanoplates, nanowires, and nanorolls according to their nanostructures. Additionally, the representative materials of nanowires include CuNW (copper nanowire), AgNW (silver nanowire), and GaAsP single nanowire. Moreover, nanoroll-type materials include SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes), DWCNTs (double-walled carbon nanotubes), and MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes). In conclusion, this study, through a systematic review, is intended to provide a cornerstone for application plans when designing cutting-edge chemosensors.
{"title":"Characteristics and Applicability Analysis of Nanomorphological Structures for Chemosensors: A Systematic Review","authors":"Hye-Ree Han","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11100537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100537","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity for complex functionality materials is increasing due to the emergence of high-tech technologies and the deepening needs of B-to-B companies in the industry. Study on advanced multifunctional materials is also increasing due to interest in fields such as the the Internet of Things (IOT), Fourth Industrial Revolution, and artificial intelligence (AI). Nanomaterials have the advantage of having a large surface area, making it easier to express more efficient properties, and they have been widely applied recently in various fields. When designing new materials for specific applications, it is often important to control the shape, size distribution, surface properties, dispersion, and agglomeration stability of synthetic nanoparticles, as well as the elemental and nanocrystalline compositions of the materials. Nanomaterials have infinite potential, but there are not many cases of collection and structural classification. Therefore, I attempted to conduct an in-depth systematic review by categorizing nanomaterials into nanoparticles, nanoplates, nanowires, and nanorolls according to their nanostructures. Additionally, the representative materials of nanowires include CuNW (copper nanowire), AgNW (silver nanowire), and GaAsP single nanowire. Moreover, nanoroll-type materials include SWCNTs (single-walled carbon nanotubes), DWCNTs (double-walled carbon nanotubes), and MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes). In conclusion, this study, through a systematic review, is intended to provide a cornerstone for application plans when designing cutting-edge chemosensors.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11100538
Xiaofan He, Yufei Deng, Dechen Jiang, Danjun Fang
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an electrochemically induced light produced by the excitation of luminophores in redox reactions. For the past twenty years, ECL analysis has been continuously developed and applied for the sensitive detection of biomolecules at the single-cell level due to its low background interference and the resultant high sensitivity. In recent times, ECL-based microscopy has combined the elements of imaging and has thus emerged as a fast-developed imaging tool to visualize biomolecules in single cells. The surface-confined features of ECL imaging provide detailed information about cell membranes that is not easily obtained using classical fluorescence microscopy. In this review, we summarize the recent works on the detection and imaging of biomolecules at the single-cell level using ECL and discuss the development prospects and challenges in the biological application of this technology in the field of cell analysis.
{"title":"Electrochemiluminescence Detection and Imaging of Biomolecules at the Single-Cell Level","authors":"Xiaofan He, Yufei Deng, Dechen Jiang, Danjun Fang","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11100538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100538","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an electrochemically induced light produced by the excitation of luminophores in redox reactions. For the past twenty years, ECL analysis has been continuously developed and applied for the sensitive detection of biomolecules at the single-cell level due to its low background interference and the resultant high sensitivity. In recent times, ECL-based microscopy has combined the elements of imaging and has thus emerged as a fast-developed imaging tool to visualize biomolecules in single cells. The surface-confined features of ECL imaging provide detailed information about cell membranes that is not easily obtained using classical fluorescence microscopy. In this review, we summarize the recent works on the detection and imaging of biomolecules at the single-cell level using ECL and discuss the development prospects and challenges in the biological application of this technology in the field of cell analysis.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11100536
Haibo Wang, Huahong Liu, Bo Lu, Ming Ma, Jianguo Chen, Jinfang Nie
The research into and applications of wood origin traceability technology are of great significance for promoting the standardization and legality of the global timber trade. This paper focuses on analyzing the content of ten mineral elements and the ratios of stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N in ash samples. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to assess the clusters and differences in mineral elements, as well as δ13C and δ15N, among the samples, for identifying the different factors used to trace the origin of ash imported from different regions. Through unsupervised clustering and supervised discriminant modeling, a highly accurate method for discriminant analysis was developed. The results reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) in the contents of Mg, Cu, and Sr, as well as δ15N, between European and American samples. Additionally, the normalized results of mineral elements and isotope ratios were then subjected to partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), resulting in the highest level of separation. This analysis achieved an overall accuracy of 96.2% in discriminating between samples of European and American ash. The chemometrics analysis method integrating stable isotope analysis with elemental analysis exhibited potential for discriminating between samples from European and American ash.
{"title":"Origin Authentication of European and American Ash (Fraxinus spp.) Based on Stable Isotope Ratio and Elemental Characteristics Combined with Chemometrics Methods","authors":"Haibo Wang, Huahong Liu, Bo Lu, Ming Ma, Jianguo Chen, Jinfang Nie","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11100536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100536","url":null,"abstract":"The research into and applications of wood origin traceability technology are of great significance for promoting the standardization and legality of the global timber trade. This paper focuses on analyzing the content of ten mineral elements and the ratios of stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N in ash samples. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to assess the clusters and differences in mineral elements, as well as δ13C and δ15N, among the samples, for identifying the different factors used to trace the origin of ash imported from different regions. Through unsupervised clustering and supervised discriminant modeling, a highly accurate method for discriminant analysis was developed. The results reveal significant differences (p < 0.05) in the contents of Mg, Cu, and Sr, as well as δ15N, between European and American samples. Additionally, the normalized results of mineral elements and isotope ratios were then subjected to partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), resulting in the highest level of separation. This analysis achieved an overall accuracy of 96.2% in discriminating between samples of European and American ash. The chemometrics analysis method integrating stable isotope analysis with elemental analysis exhibited potential for discriminating between samples from European and American ash.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11100535
Víctor González, Félix Meléndez, Patricia Arroyo, Javier Godoy, Fernando Díaz, José Ignacio Suárez, Jesús Lozano
Nowadays, indoor air pollution is a major problem that affects human health. For that reason, measuring indoor air quality has an increasing interest. Electronic noses are low-cost instruments (compared with reference methods) capable of measuring air components and pollutants at different concentrations. In this paper, an electro-optical nose (electronic nose that includes optical sensors) with non-dispersive infrared sensors and metal oxide semiconductor sensors is used to measure gases that affect indoor air quality. To validate the developed prototype, different gas mixtures (CH4 and CO2) with variable concentrations and humidity values are generated to confirm the discrimination capabilities of the device. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction purposes to show the measurements in a plot. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) was also performed to calculate the predictive capabilities of the device. PCA results using all the measurements from all the sensors obtained PC1 = 47% and PC2 = 10%; results are improved using only the relevant information of the sensors obtaining PC1 = 79% and PC2 = 9%. PLS results with CH4 using only MOX sensors received an RMSE = 118.8. When using NDIR and MOX sensors, RMSE is reduced to 19.868; this tendency is also observed in CO2 (RMSE = 116.35 with MOX and RMSE = 20.548 with MOX and NDIR). The results confirm that the designed electro-optical nose can detect different gas concentrations and discriminate between different mixtures of gases; also, a better correlation and dispersion is achieved. The addition of NDIR sensors gives better results in measuring specific gases, discrimination, and concentration prediction capabilities in comparison to electronic noses with metal oxide gas sensors.
{"title":"Electro-Optical Nose for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring","authors":"Víctor González, Félix Meléndez, Patricia Arroyo, Javier Godoy, Fernando Díaz, José Ignacio Suárez, Jesús Lozano","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11100535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100535","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, indoor air pollution is a major problem that affects human health. For that reason, measuring indoor air quality has an increasing interest. Electronic noses are low-cost instruments (compared with reference methods) capable of measuring air components and pollutants at different concentrations. In this paper, an electro-optical nose (electronic nose that includes optical sensors) with non-dispersive infrared sensors and metal oxide semiconductor sensors is used to measure gases that affect indoor air quality. To validate the developed prototype, different gas mixtures (CH4 and CO2) with variable concentrations and humidity values are generated to confirm the discrimination capabilities of the device. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction purposes to show the measurements in a plot. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) was also performed to calculate the predictive capabilities of the device. PCA results using all the measurements from all the sensors obtained PC1 = 47% and PC2 = 10%; results are improved using only the relevant information of the sensors obtaining PC1 = 79% and PC2 = 9%. PLS results with CH4 using only MOX sensors received an RMSE = 118.8. When using NDIR and MOX sensors, RMSE is reduced to 19.868; this tendency is also observed in CO2 (RMSE = 116.35 with MOX and RMSE = 20.548 with MOX and NDIR). The results confirm that the designed electro-optical nose can detect different gas concentrations and discriminate between different mixtures of gases; also, a better correlation and dispersion is achieved. The addition of NDIR sensors gives better results in measuring specific gases, discrimination, and concentration prediction capabilities in comparison to electronic noses with metal oxide gas sensors.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11100533
Soledad Carinelli, Maximina Luis-Sunga, José Luis González-Mora, Pedro A. Salazar-Carballo
Biosensors are analytical devices that use biological interactions to detect and quantify single molecules, clinical biomarkers, contaminants, allergens, and microorganisms. By coupling bioreceptors with transducers, such as nucleic acids or proteins, biosensors convert biological interactions into electrical signals. Electrochemical and optical transductions are the most widely used methods due to their high detection capability and compatibility with miniaturization. Biosensors are valuable in analytical chemistry, especially for health diagnostics, as they offer simplicity and sensitivity. Despite their usefulness, challenges persist in immobilizing biorecognition elements on the transducer surface, leading to issues such as loss of sensitivity and selectivity. To address these problems, the introduction of nanomaterials, in particular magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetic beads, has been implemented. MNPs combine their magnetic properties with other interesting characteristics, such as their small size, high surface-to-volume ratio, easy handling, and excellent biocompatibility, resulting in improved specificity and sensitivity and reduced matrix effects. They can be tailored to specific applications and have been extensively used in various fields, including biosensing and clinical diagnosis. In addition, MNPs simplify sample preparation by isolating the target analytes via magnetic separation, thus reducing the analysis time and interference phenomena and improving the analytical performance of detection. The synthesis and modification of MNPs play a crucial role in adjusting their properties for different applications. This review presents an overview of the synthesis and surface modifications of magnetic nanoparticles and their contributions to the development of biosensors and bioassays for their applications across different areas. The future challenges of MNP synthesis and integration in assays are focused on their stability, multiplex detection, simplification and portability of test platforms, and in vivo applications, among other areas of development.
{"title":"Synthesis and Modification of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biosensing and Bioassay Applications: A Review","authors":"Soledad Carinelli, Maximina Luis-Sunga, José Luis González-Mora, Pedro A. Salazar-Carballo","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11100533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100533","url":null,"abstract":"Biosensors are analytical devices that use biological interactions to detect and quantify single molecules, clinical biomarkers, contaminants, allergens, and microorganisms. By coupling bioreceptors with transducers, such as nucleic acids or proteins, biosensors convert biological interactions into electrical signals. Electrochemical and optical transductions are the most widely used methods due to their high detection capability and compatibility with miniaturization. Biosensors are valuable in analytical chemistry, especially for health diagnostics, as they offer simplicity and sensitivity. Despite their usefulness, challenges persist in immobilizing biorecognition elements on the transducer surface, leading to issues such as loss of sensitivity and selectivity. To address these problems, the introduction of nanomaterials, in particular magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetic beads, has been implemented. MNPs combine their magnetic properties with other interesting characteristics, such as their small size, high surface-to-volume ratio, easy handling, and excellent biocompatibility, resulting in improved specificity and sensitivity and reduced matrix effects. They can be tailored to specific applications and have been extensively used in various fields, including biosensing and clinical diagnosis. In addition, MNPs simplify sample preparation by isolating the target analytes via magnetic separation, thus reducing the analysis time and interference phenomena and improving the analytical performance of detection. The synthesis and modification of MNPs play a crucial role in adjusting their properties for different applications. This review presents an overview of the synthesis and surface modifications of magnetic nanoparticles and their contributions to the development of biosensors and bioassays for their applications across different areas. The future challenges of MNP synthesis and integration in assays are focused on their stability, multiplex detection, simplification and portability of test platforms, and in vivo applications, among other areas of development.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11100532
Irena Mihailova, Marina Krasovska, Eriks Sledevskis, Vjaceslavs Gerbreders, Valdis Mizers, Andrejs Ogurcovs
Hydrogen peroxide is essential for biological processes and normally occurs in low concentrations in living organisms. However, exposure of plants to biotic and abiotic stressors can disrupt their defense mechanisms, resulting in oxidative stress with elevated H2O2 levels. This oxidative stress can damage cell membranes, impair photosynthesis, and hinder crucial plant functions. The primary focus of this article is to investigate the effects of salt and herbicide stress factors on the growth of rye samples. For precise quantification of the released H2O2 concentration caused by these stress factors, a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor was developed, employing nanostructured CuO and Co3O4 oxides. Nanostructured electrodes exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity towards H2O2, making them suitable for detecting H2O2 in real samples with complex compositions. Rye samples exposed to NaCl- and glyphosate-induced stress demonstrated notable concentrations of released H2O2, displaying an increase of up to 30% compared to the control sample. Moreover, optical absorption measurements revealed a substantial decrease in chlorophyll concentration (up to 35% compared to the control group) in rye samples where elevated H2O2 levels were detected through electrochemical methods. These findings provide further evidence of the harmful effects of elevated H2O2 concentrations on plant vital functions.
{"title":"Assessment of Oxidative Stress by Detection of H2O2 in Rye Samples Using a CuO- and Co3O4-Nanostructure-Based Electrochemical Sensor","authors":"Irena Mihailova, Marina Krasovska, Eriks Sledevskis, Vjaceslavs Gerbreders, Valdis Mizers, Andrejs Ogurcovs","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11100532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100532","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen peroxide is essential for biological processes and normally occurs in low concentrations in living organisms. However, exposure of plants to biotic and abiotic stressors can disrupt their defense mechanisms, resulting in oxidative stress with elevated H2O2 levels. This oxidative stress can damage cell membranes, impair photosynthesis, and hinder crucial plant functions. The primary focus of this article is to investigate the effects of salt and herbicide stress factors on the growth of rye samples. For precise quantification of the released H2O2 concentration caused by these stress factors, a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor was developed, employing nanostructured CuO and Co3O4 oxides. Nanostructured electrodes exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity towards H2O2, making them suitable for detecting H2O2 in real samples with complex compositions. Rye samples exposed to NaCl- and glyphosate-induced stress demonstrated notable concentrations of released H2O2, displaying an increase of up to 30% compared to the control sample. Moreover, optical absorption measurements revealed a substantial decrease in chlorophyll concentration (up to 35% compared to the control group) in rye samples where elevated H2O2 levels were detected through electrochemical methods. These findings provide further evidence of the harmful effects of elevated H2O2 concentrations on plant vital functions.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11100534
Sofia Marka, Maria-Eleftheria Zografaki, George-Marios Papaioannou, Sofia Mavrikou, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Spyridon Kintzios
A significant number of research papers regarding biosensor-related assays for key food safety pathogens based on the use of mammalian cells has been reported. In this study, the Salmonella typhimurium infection progression was monitored in the human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 and the mucus-secreting HT29-MTX-E12, after treatment with five different bacterial MOI for 30 min by comparing the alterations of frequencies recordings with impedance spectroscopy measurements. For this purpose, bacterial adhesion and invasion assays were initially performed. Then, the data obtained from impedance spectroscopy recordings were compared to cell viability data derived from the MTT uptake cell proliferation assay as well as from live cell analysis assays of mitochondrial membrane potential alterations. From our findings a concentration-dependent increase in bacterial colonies occurring from invaded cells was observed upon a higher multiplicity of infection (MOI) bacterial infection at both cell lines. On the contrary, the bacteria infection did not have any impact on the viability of the cells after 1 h of treatment. Differential results were obtained from the measurement of mitochondrial potential at both cell lines. Finally, the impedance values recorded from the 2D, and 3D cultures were concentration-dependent for both cell lines whereas a characteristic pattern specific to each cell line was revealed. Our results indicate that human cell-based bio-electric assays can be a valuable tool for obtaining a unique fingerprint for each bacterial infection in the near future.
{"title":"Impedance In Vitro Assessment for the Detection of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Intestinal Human Cancer Cells","authors":"Sofia Marka, Maria-Eleftheria Zografaki, George-Marios Papaioannou, Sofia Mavrikou, Emmanouil Flemetakis, Spyridon Kintzios","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11100534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100534","url":null,"abstract":"A significant number of research papers regarding biosensor-related assays for key food safety pathogens based on the use of mammalian cells has been reported. In this study, the Salmonella typhimurium infection progression was monitored in the human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 and the mucus-secreting HT29-MTX-E12, after treatment with five different bacterial MOI for 30 min by comparing the alterations of frequencies recordings with impedance spectroscopy measurements. For this purpose, bacterial adhesion and invasion assays were initially performed. Then, the data obtained from impedance spectroscopy recordings were compared to cell viability data derived from the MTT uptake cell proliferation assay as well as from live cell analysis assays of mitochondrial membrane potential alterations. From our findings a concentration-dependent increase in bacterial colonies occurring from invaded cells was observed upon a higher multiplicity of infection (MOI) bacterial infection at both cell lines. On the contrary, the bacteria infection did not have any impact on the viability of the cells after 1 h of treatment. Differential results were obtained from the measurement of mitochondrial potential at both cell lines. Finally, the impedance values recorded from the 2D, and 3D cultures were concentration-dependent for both cell lines whereas a characteristic pattern specific to each cell line was revealed. Our results indicate that human cell-based bio-electric assays can be a valuable tool for obtaining a unique fingerprint for each bacterial infection in the near future.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unlike transition metal oxides and sulfides, transition metal-based selenides display higher electrical conductivity, more electroactive unsaturated edge sites, and better chemical stability, which have found extensive usage in electrocatalysis. In this work, simple hydrothermal and solvothermal procedures were employed to synthesize quaternary (Ni, Co, Cu)Se2 nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth (CC) to measure glucose. The conductivity of the material can be effectively elevated by adding Se element to form selenides, and the synergistic effect between the three selenides can improve the electrocatalytic performance. Consequently, in the ranges of 0.01–600 μM and 600–9000 μM, respectively, the current response of the synthesized material to glucose concentration exhibited linear relationships. The sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity and a low detection limit of 5.82 nM. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the constructed biosensor was proved by using it to quantify the amount of glucose in human serum.
{"title":"Synthesis of Quaternary (Ni, Co, Cu)Se2 Nanosheet Arrays on Carbon Cloth for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Determination","authors":"Yuanyuan Chen, Huan Wang, Huinan Chen, Jingyao Song, Dongmei Deng, Liqiang Luo","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11100530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100530","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike transition metal oxides and sulfides, transition metal-based selenides display higher electrical conductivity, more electroactive unsaturated edge sites, and better chemical stability, which have found extensive usage in electrocatalysis. In this work, simple hydrothermal and solvothermal procedures were employed to synthesize quaternary (Ni, Co, Cu)Se2 nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth (CC) to measure glucose. The conductivity of the material can be effectively elevated by adding Se element to form selenides, and the synergistic effect between the three selenides can improve the electrocatalytic performance. Consequently, in the ranges of 0.01–600 μM and 600–9000 μM, respectively, the current response of the synthesized material to glucose concentration exhibited linear relationships. The sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity and a low detection limit of 5.82 nM. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the constructed biosensor was proved by using it to quantify the amount of glucose in human serum.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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