Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors12010001
Samuele Pellacani, Marco Borsari, M. Cocchi, A. D’Alessandro, C. Durante, Giulia Farioli, L. Strani
This work tested near-infrared (NIR) and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics to characterize flours from different starch origins. In particular, eighteen starch-containing flours (e.g., type 00 flour, rye, barley, soybean, chestnut, potato, spelt, buckwheat, oat, millet, rice, durum wheat, amaranth, chickpea, sesame, corn, hemp and sunflower flours) were analyzed with a twofold objective: chemically characterizing the investigated flours and laying the groundwork for the development of a fast and suitable method that can identify the botanical source of starch in food. This could ensure ingredient traceability and aid in preventing/detecting food fraud. Untargeted approaches were used for this study, involving the simultaneous acquisition of a large amount of chemical information (UV-Vis on extracted starch and NIR signals on raw flours) coupled with chemometric techniques. UV-VIS spectra were acquired between 225 and 800 nm after sample pretreatment to extract starch. NIR spectra were acquired between 900 and 1700 nm using a poliSPEC NIRe portable instrument on the flours without any kind of pretreatments. An initial exploratory investigation was conducted using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, obtaining interesting preliminary information on patterns among the investigated flours. In particular, the UV-Vis model successfully discerned samples such as potato, chestnut, sunflower, durum wheat, sesame, buckwheat, rice, corn, spelt and 00-type flours. PCA model results obtained from the analysis of NIR spectra also provided comparable results with the UV-Vis model, particularly highlighting the differences observed between hemp and potato flours with soybean flour. Some similarities were identified between other flours, such as barley and millet, rye and oats, and chickpea and amaranth. Therefore, some flour samples underwent surface analysis via scanning electron microscope (SEM) using the Nova NanoSEM 450 to detect distinctive morphology.
{"title":"Near Infrared and UV-Visible Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics for the Characterization of Flours from Different Starch Origins","authors":"Samuele Pellacani, Marco Borsari, M. Cocchi, A. D’Alessandro, C. Durante, Giulia Farioli, L. Strani","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors12010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12010001","url":null,"abstract":"This work tested near-infrared (NIR) and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics to characterize flours from different starch origins. In particular, eighteen starch-containing flours (e.g., type 00 flour, rye, barley, soybean, chestnut, potato, spelt, buckwheat, oat, millet, rice, durum wheat, amaranth, chickpea, sesame, corn, hemp and sunflower flours) were analyzed with a twofold objective: chemically characterizing the investigated flours and laying the groundwork for the development of a fast and suitable method that can identify the botanical source of starch in food. This could ensure ingredient traceability and aid in preventing/detecting food fraud. Untargeted approaches were used for this study, involving the simultaneous acquisition of a large amount of chemical information (UV-Vis on extracted starch and NIR signals on raw flours) coupled with chemometric techniques. UV-VIS spectra were acquired between 225 and 800 nm after sample pretreatment to extract starch. NIR spectra were acquired between 900 and 1700 nm using a poliSPEC NIRe portable instrument on the flours without any kind of pretreatments. An initial exploratory investigation was conducted using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, obtaining interesting preliminary information on patterns among the investigated flours. In particular, the UV-Vis model successfully discerned samples such as potato, chestnut, sunflower, durum wheat, sesame, buckwheat, rice, corn, spelt and 00-type flours. PCA model results obtained from the analysis of NIR spectra also provided comparable results with the UV-Vis model, particularly highlighting the differences observed between hemp and potato flours with soybean flour. Some similarities were identified between other flours, such as barley and millet, rye and oats, and chickpea and amaranth. Therefore, some flour samples underwent surface analysis via scanning electron microscope (SEM) using the Nova NanoSEM 450 to detect distinctive morphology.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11120579
T. Basile, D. Mallardi, M. Cardone
In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the popularity of plant-based products due to various reasons, such as ethical concerns, environmental sustainability, and health benefits. Sensory analysis is a powerful tool for evaluating the human appreciation of food and drink products. To link the sensory evaluation to the chemical and textural compositions, further quantitative analyses are required. Unfortunately, due to the destructive nature of sensory analysis techniques, quantitative evaluation can only be performed on samples that are different from those ingested. The quantitative knowledge of the analytical parameters of the exact sample ingested would be far more informative. Coupling non-destructive techniques, such as near-infrared (NIR) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) spectroscopy, to sensory evaluation presents several advantages. The intact sample can be analyzed before ingestion, providing in a short amount of time matrices of quantitative data of several parameters at once. In this review, NIR and imaging-based techniques coupled with chemometrics based on artificial intelligence and machine learning for sensory evaluation are documented. To date, no review article covering the application of these non-destructive techniques to sensory analysis following a reproducible protocol has been published. This paper provides an objective and comprehensive overview of the current applications of spectroscopic and sensory analyses based on the state-of-the-art literature from 2000 to 2023.
{"title":"Spectroscopy, a Tool for the Non-Destructive Sensory Analysis of Plant-Based Foods and Beverages: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"T. Basile, D. Mallardi, M. Cardone","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11120579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11120579","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the popularity of plant-based products due to various reasons, such as ethical concerns, environmental sustainability, and health benefits. Sensory analysis is a powerful tool for evaluating the human appreciation of food and drink products. To link the sensory evaluation to the chemical and textural compositions, further quantitative analyses are required. Unfortunately, due to the destructive nature of sensory analysis techniques, quantitative evaluation can only be performed on samples that are different from those ingested. The quantitative knowledge of the analytical parameters of the exact sample ingested would be far more informative. Coupling non-destructive techniques, such as near-infrared (NIR) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) spectroscopy, to sensory evaluation presents several advantages. The intact sample can be analyzed before ingestion, providing in a short amount of time matrices of quantitative data of several parameters at once. In this review, NIR and imaging-based techniques coupled with chemometrics based on artificial intelligence and machine learning for sensory evaluation are documented. To date, no review article covering the application of these non-destructive techniques to sensory analysis following a reproducible protocol has been published. This paper provides an objective and comprehensive overview of the current applications of spectroscopic and sensory analyses based on the state-of-the-art literature from 2000 to 2023.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"271 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-17DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11120578
Yujing Li, Wenjuan Xu, Jingjing Liu, E. Zhang, Hejie Li, Yan Zhang, Jing Zhang, Chunsheng Li, Xiaoguang Zhang
Fipronil (FIP), a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide, is highly toxic and threatens human health and ecological balance. Developing convenient, rapid, portable analytical technology for on-site and high-frequency testing of FIP is essential to reduce its damage. Herein, a monoclonal antibody (Clone F-3F6) against FIP, with high affinity and specificity, was produced using a novel immunogen, FIP-BSA, which was simply and directly synthesized by conjugating FIP with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Among the previously reported antibodies, F-3F6 acts more specifically against FIP. The FIP metabolites fipronil desulfinyl, fipronil sulfide, and fipronil sulfone showed lower cross-reactivity, and other pesticides were not recognized. To achieve high-frequency and on-site measurements of FIP, an evanescent wave fluorescence biosensor was built by integrating evanescent wave fluorescence technology, a functionalized fiber bioprobe, and a fluorescence-labeled F-3F6 antibody. The detection limit of FIP was 0.032 μg/L. The detection results of real milk and water samples showed that all the coefficients of variation were less than 10%, and the recovery ranged from 90 to 120%. The high reusability and stability of functionalized fiber bioprobe enables the accurate, cost-effective, high-frequency, and facile quantitative detection of FIP. This highly specific and reliable evanescent wave fluorescence biosensor will be well suited to the sensitive and high-frequency on-site analysis of only FIP in food.
{"title":"Rapid and Sensitive On-Site Detection of Fipronil in Foods Using Evanescent Wave Fluorescent Immunosensor","authors":"Yujing Li, Wenjuan Xu, Jingjing Liu, E. Zhang, Hejie Li, Yan Zhang, Jing Zhang, Chunsheng Li, Xiaoguang Zhang","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11120578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11120578","url":null,"abstract":"Fipronil (FIP), a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide, is highly toxic and threatens human health and ecological balance. Developing convenient, rapid, portable analytical technology for on-site and high-frequency testing of FIP is essential to reduce its damage. Herein, a monoclonal antibody (Clone F-3F6) against FIP, with high affinity and specificity, was produced using a novel immunogen, FIP-BSA, which was simply and directly synthesized by conjugating FIP with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Among the previously reported antibodies, F-3F6 acts more specifically against FIP. The FIP metabolites fipronil desulfinyl, fipronil sulfide, and fipronil sulfone showed lower cross-reactivity, and other pesticides were not recognized. To achieve high-frequency and on-site measurements of FIP, an evanescent wave fluorescence biosensor was built by integrating evanescent wave fluorescence technology, a functionalized fiber bioprobe, and a fluorescence-labeled F-3F6 antibody. The detection limit of FIP was 0.032 μg/L. The detection results of real milk and water samples showed that all the coefficients of variation were less than 10%, and the recovery ranged from 90 to 120%. The high reusability and stability of functionalized fiber bioprobe enables the accurate, cost-effective, high-frequency, and facile quantitative detection of FIP. This highly specific and reliable evanescent wave fluorescence biosensor will be well suited to the sensitive and high-frequency on-site analysis of only FIP in food.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11120577
Dimitrios Baltzis, Apostolia Tsiasioti, C. Zacharis, P. Tzanavaras
In the present study we report the development of an advantageous optical sensor for the speciation of Fe(III)/Fe(II). The sensor is based on the selective reaction of Fe(III) with a Desferal (Deferoxamine) reagent at pH = 2, while both Fe(III) and Fe(II) react with the reagent at pH = 5 using an acetate/glycine buffer. In this way, frequently used extra oxidation (H2O2) or reduction (ascorbic acid or hydroxylamine) steps are avoided. Both species can be determined in the range of 25 to 150 μM using a 96-well plate platform and the instrument-free detection of the colored complex with an overhead book scanner. The LOD is 4 μM, and an additional advantage is that a single calibration curve can be utilized for quantitation. The applicability of the sensor was demonstrated by analyzing commercially available pharmaceutical formulations for quality control purposes.
{"title":"Speciation of Iron Using Desferal via Simple pH Change and a Single Calibration Curve: High-Throughput Optical Sensor Based on 96-Well Plates and an Overhead Book Scanner as Detector","authors":"Dimitrios Baltzis, Apostolia Tsiasioti, C. Zacharis, P. Tzanavaras","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11120577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11120577","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study we report the development of an advantageous optical sensor for the speciation of Fe(III)/Fe(II). The sensor is based on the selective reaction of Fe(III) with a Desferal (Deferoxamine) reagent at pH = 2, while both Fe(III) and Fe(II) react with the reagent at pH = 5 using an acetate/glycine buffer. In this way, frequently used extra oxidation (H2O2) or reduction (ascorbic acid or hydroxylamine) steps are avoided. Both species can be determined in the range of 25 to 150 μM using a 96-well plate platform and the instrument-free detection of the colored complex with an overhead book scanner. The LOD is 4 μM, and an additional advantage is that a single calibration curve can be utilized for quantitation. The applicability of the sensor was demonstrated by analyzing commercially available pharmaceutical formulations for quality control purposes.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11120576
Juan Santiago Hidalgo, É. Tóth, H. Jankovics, C. I. Fort, G. Turdean, Etelka Tombácz, I. Galambos
This study describes the incorporation of bioengineered flagellin (4HIS) protein in conjunction with TiO2 anatase nanoparticles into a chitosan (Chit) polymeric matrix as a highly sensitive electrode modifier for the determination of diclofenac sodium (DS) in wastewater. Two types of electrodes were prepared using a simple drop-casting method. The inner structure of the obtained modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The electrochemical and electroanalytical parameters of DS oxidation at the nanostructured interface of the modified electrode were obtained via cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry. The analytical parameters for diclofenac electro-detection showed a 50% decrease in LOD and LOQ at Chit + TiO2 + 4HIS/GCE-modified electrode compared with the Chit + 4HIS/GCE-modified electrode. The obtained tools were successfully used for DS detection in drug tablets and wastewater samples. Thus, it was demonstrated that in the presence of a histidine-containing flagellin variant, the electrode has DS recognition capacity which increases in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles, and both induce excellent performances of the prepared tools, either in synthetic solution or in real samples.
{"title":"Bioengineered Flagellin–TiO2 Nanoparticle-Based Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes as a Highly Selective Platform for the Determination of Diclofenac Sodium","authors":"Juan Santiago Hidalgo, É. Tóth, H. Jankovics, C. I. Fort, G. Turdean, Etelka Tombácz, I. Galambos","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11120576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11120576","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the incorporation of bioengineered flagellin (4HIS) protein in conjunction with TiO2 anatase nanoparticles into a chitosan (Chit) polymeric matrix as a highly sensitive electrode modifier for the determination of diclofenac sodium (DS) in wastewater. Two types of electrodes were prepared using a simple drop-casting method. The inner structure of the obtained modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The electrochemical and electroanalytical parameters of DS oxidation at the nanostructured interface of the modified electrode were obtained via cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry. The analytical parameters for diclofenac electro-detection showed a 50% decrease in LOD and LOQ at Chit + TiO2 + 4HIS/GCE-modified electrode compared with the Chit + 4HIS/GCE-modified electrode. The obtained tools were successfully used for DS detection in drug tablets and wastewater samples. Thus, it was demonstrated that in the presence of a histidine-containing flagellin variant, the electrode has DS recognition capacity which increases in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles, and both induce excellent performances of the prepared tools, either in synthetic solution or in real samples.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11120575
Fátima Daniela Gonçalves, José António Rodrigues, R. M. Ramos
This work presents the electrochemical determination of cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) in water-organic mixtures using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and commercial screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The electrocatalytic behavior of Vitamin D3 on the surface of the working electrode produced a well-defined oxidation peak at +0.95 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 3.0 mol L−1) and +0.7 V (vs. Ag-SPCE pseudo-reference electrode) for the GCE and SPCE, respectively, in 0.1 M LiClO4 prepared in 50% ethanol. The nature of the organic solvent needed for the solubilization of Vitamin D3 was evaluated, together with the concentration of the supporting electrolyte, the ratio of the water-organic mixture, the voltametric parameters for the cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) analyses. Under the optimized conditions, a linear correlation between the anodic peak current and the concentration of Vitamin D3 was obtained over the range of 0.47 to 123 µmol L−1 and 59.4 to 1651 µmol L−1 for the GCE and SPCE, respectively. The determined limits of detection (LOD) were 0.17 (GCE) and 19.4 µmol L−1 (SPCE). The methodology was successfully applied to commercial supplement tablets of Vitamin D3. Additionally, this work shows the possibility of using non-modified GCE and SPCE for routine analysis of Vitamin D3.
本文介绍了利用玻璃碳电极(GCE)和商业丝网印刷碳电极(SPCEs)电化学测定水-有机混合物中胆钙化醇(维生素D3)的方法。在50%乙醇中制备的0.1 M LiClO4中，维生素D3在工作电极表面的电催化行为产生了明确的氧化峰，分别为+0.95 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 3.0 mol L−1)和+0.7 V (vs. Ag-SPCE伪参比电极)。考察了维生素D3增溶所需的有机溶剂的性质，以及支持电解质的浓度、水-有机混合物的比例、循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)分析的伏安参数。在优化条件下，GCE和SPCE的阳极峰电流与维生素D3浓度分别在0.47 ~ 123µmol L−1和59.4 ~ 1651µmol L−1范围内呈线性相关。测定的检出限(LOD)分别为0.17 (GCE)和19.4µmol L−1 (SPCE)。该方法已成功地应用于商业维生素D3补充剂片。此外，这项工作显示了使用未修饰的GCE和SPCE进行维生素D3常规分析的可能性。
{"title":"Electrochemical Sensing of Vitamin D3: A Comparative Use of Glassy Carbon and Unmodified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes","authors":"Fátima Daniela Gonçalves, José António Rodrigues, R. M. Ramos","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11120575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11120575","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the electrochemical determination of cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) in water-organic mixtures using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and commercial screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The electrocatalytic behavior of Vitamin D3 on the surface of the working electrode produced a well-defined oxidation peak at +0.95 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 3.0 mol L−1) and +0.7 V (vs. Ag-SPCE pseudo-reference electrode) for the GCE and SPCE, respectively, in 0.1 M LiClO4 prepared in 50% ethanol. The nature of the organic solvent needed for the solubilization of Vitamin D3 was evaluated, together with the concentration of the supporting electrolyte, the ratio of the water-organic mixture, the voltametric parameters for the cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) analyses. Under the optimized conditions, a linear correlation between the anodic peak current and the concentration of Vitamin D3 was obtained over the range of 0.47 to 123 µmol L−1 and 59.4 to 1651 µmol L−1 for the GCE and SPCE, respectively. The determined limits of detection (LOD) were 0.17 (GCE) and 19.4 µmol L−1 (SPCE). The methodology was successfully applied to commercial supplement tablets of Vitamin D3. Additionally, this work shows the possibility of using non-modified GCE and SPCE for routine analysis of Vitamin D3.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138597938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11120574
Thawan G. Oliveira, Irlan S. Lima, Wilson A. Ameku, J. Gonçalves, Rodrigo S. Souza, Henrique E. Toma, L. Angnes
Laser engraving is a convenient, fast, one-step, and environmentally friendly technique used to produce more conductive surfaces by local pyrolysis. The laser’s thermal treatment can also remove non-conductive materials from the electrode surfaces and improve electrochemical performance. The improvement was assessed by electrochemical tools such as cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− and dopamine as redox probes. The electrochemical results observed showed that a treated surface showed an improvement in electron transfer and less resistance to charge transfer. To optimize the electrode performance, it was necessary to search for the most favorable graphite mines and optimize the parameters of the laser machine (laser power, scan rate, and output distance). The resultant material was adequately characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where an irregular surface composed of crystalline graphite particles was noticed. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, it was applied to detect indapamide (IND) in synthetic urine by flow injection analysis (FIA), a diuretic drug often used by athletes to alter urine composition to hide forbidden substance consumption in doping tests.
{"title":"Laser-Scribed Pencil Lead Electrodes for Amperometric Quantification of Indapamide","authors":"Thawan G. Oliveira, Irlan S. Lima, Wilson A. Ameku, J. Gonçalves, Rodrigo S. Souza, Henrique E. Toma, L. Angnes","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11120574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11120574","url":null,"abstract":"Laser engraving is a convenient, fast, one-step, and environmentally friendly technique used to produce more conductive surfaces by local pyrolysis. The laser’s thermal treatment can also remove non-conductive materials from the electrode surfaces and improve electrochemical performance. The improvement was assessed by electrochemical tools such as cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− and dopamine as redox probes. The electrochemical results observed showed that a treated surface showed an improvement in electron transfer and less resistance to charge transfer. To optimize the electrode performance, it was necessary to search for the most favorable graphite mines and optimize the parameters of the laser machine (laser power, scan rate, and output distance). The resultant material was adequately characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where an irregular surface composed of crystalline graphite particles was noticed. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, it was applied to detect indapamide (IND) in synthetic urine by flow injection analysis (FIA), a diuretic drug often used by athletes to alter urine composition to hide forbidden substance consumption in doping tests.","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":"134 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11120573
Hanwen Ren, Xiansu Liu, Shanshan Wei, F. Zhao, Zhencheng Chen, H. Xiao
The progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is positively correlated with the phosphorylation damage of Tau-441 protein, which is the marker with the most potential for the early detection of AD. The low content of Tau-441 in human serum is a major difficulty for the realization of content detection. Herein, we prepared an electrochemical immunosensor modified with Poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS)/Carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs-COOH) nanocomposites based on electrochemical immunoassay technology for the low-concentration detection of Tau-441. The immunosensor based on the nanocomposite can take advantage of the characteristics of conductive polymers to achieve electrical signal amplification and use MWCNTs-COOH to increase the contact area of the active site and bond with the Tau-441 antibodies on the electrode. The physicochemical and electrical properties of PEDOT: PSS/MWCNTs-COOH were studied by in situ characterization techniques and electrochemical characterization methods, indicating that the immunosensor has high selectivity and sensitivity to the Tau-441 immune reaction. Under optimized optimal conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor detected a range of concentrations of Tau-441 to obtain a low detection of limit (0.0074 ng mL−1) and demonstrated good detection performance through actual human serum sample testing experiments. Therefore, the study provides an effective reference value for the early diagnosis of AD.
Tau-441蛋白磷酸化损伤与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的进展呈正相关，是最有可能早期发现AD的标志物。人血清中Tau-441含量低是实现其含量检测的主要困难。本文基于电化学免疫分析技术，制备了以聚(3,4-乙烯-二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT: PSS)/羧化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-COOH)纳米复合材料修饰的电化学免疫传感器，用于低浓度检测Tau-441。基于纳米复合材料的免疫传感器可以利用导电聚合物的特性实现电信号放大，并利用MWCNTs-COOH增加活性位点的接触面积，与电极上的Tau-441抗体结合。通过原位表征技术和电化学表征方法研究了PEDOT: PSS/MWCNTs-COOH的物理化学和电学性质，表明该免疫传感器对Tau-441免疫反应具有较高的选择性和敏感性。在优化后的最优条件下，电化学免疫传感器对一定浓度范围内的Tau-441进行检测，获得了较低的检出限(0.0074 ng mL−1)，并通过实际人血清样品检测实验证明了良好的检测性能。因此，本研究为AD的早期诊断提供了有效的参考价值。
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Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11120572
A. S. Mokrushin, I. A. Nagornov, A. Averin, T. Simonenko, N. Simonenko, E. Simonenko, N. T. Kuznetsov
In the original publication, there was a mistake in “Figure 5 [...]
在原始出版物中，“图5[…]”中有一个错误。
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Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11120571
Mojtaba Shamsipur, Moslem Mohammadi, M. Arca, A. Garau, V. Lippolis, Ali Barati
In this study, a novel highly sensitive and selective fluorescent optode membrane aimed at the determination of Pb(II) ion is proposed by incorporating N-(3-(1,4-dioxa-7,13-dithia-10-azacyclopentadecan-10-yl)propyl)-5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamide (L) as fluoroionophore in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containing 2-nitrophenyl octylether (NPOE) as a plasticizer. In addition to high stability and reproducibility, the proposed optosensor showed a unique selectivity toward Pb(II) ion, with a wide linear range of molar concentrations (1.0 × 10−9–1.0 × 10−3 M) and a low detection limit of 7.5 × 10−10 M in solution at pH 5.0. The formation constants of the Pb(II) complexes with the fluoroionophore were evaluated by fitting the fluorescence data with a nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting program, and further information about the structures of the complexes were evaluated based on hybrid-DFT calculations. The optosensor exhibited a fast response time of less than three min, being easily regenerated by exposure to a solution of dithiothreitol. The sensor was applied to the determination of Pb(II) in real samples (canned tuna fish), and it provided satisfactory results comparable to those obtained via atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
{"title":"A Selective Fluorescent Optode for Lead(II) Based on the Dansylamidopropyl Pendant Arm Derivative of 1,4-dioxa-7,13-dithia-10-Azacyclopentadecane ([15]aneNS2O2)","authors":"Mojtaba Shamsipur, Moslem Mohammadi, M. Arca, A. Garau, V. Lippolis, Ali Barati","doi":"10.3390/chemosensors11120571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11120571","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel highly sensitive and selective fluorescent optode membrane aimed at the determination of Pb(II) ion is proposed by incorporating N-(3-(1,4-dioxa-7,13-dithia-10-azacyclopentadecan-10-yl)propyl)-5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonamide (L) as fluoroionophore in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containing 2-nitrophenyl octylether (NPOE) as a plasticizer. In addition to high stability and reproducibility, the proposed optosensor showed a unique selectivity toward Pb(II) ion, with a wide linear range of molar concentrations (1.0 × 10−9–1.0 × 10−3 M) and a low detection limit of 7.5 × 10−10 M in solution at pH 5.0. The formation constants of the Pb(II) complexes with the fluoroionophore were evaluated by fitting the fluorescence data with a nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting program, and further information about the structures of the complexes were evaluated based on hybrid-DFT calculations. The optosensor exhibited a fast response time of less than three min, being easily regenerated by exposure to a solution of dithiothreitol. The sensor was applied to the determination of Pb(II) in real samples (canned tuna fish), and it provided satisfactory results comparable to those obtained via atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).","PeriodicalId":10057,"journal":{"name":"Chemosensors","volume":" 680","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138610761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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