Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.greenca.2024.08.003
Min Liu , Guangyan Zhu , Yajun Tian
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely used tool for environmental decision-making; however, it still has theoretical and practical limitations. Through a comprehensive review of traditional LCA development and case studies, this study examines the overall trajectory of the evolution of the LCA methodological framework. It specifically addresses perspectives on typical LCA methods, dynamic LCA methods, expanding LCA into multidimensional assessment, simplifying the methodological framework, and integrating with other methods. Furthermore, it delves into improvements and optimizations of the methodological framework alongside their distinct characteristics. Drawing on insights from current analyses and the evolutionary path of the LCA methodological framework, this study outlines future research directions for LCA. It aims to serve as a reference for scholars in this field, thereby fostering further methodological enhancements and broadening the scope of LCA applications.
{"title":"The historical evolution and research trends of life cycle assessment","authors":"Min Liu , Guangyan Zhu , Yajun Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely used tool for environmental decision-making; however, it still has theoretical and practical limitations. Through a comprehensive review of traditional LCA development and case studies, this study examines the overall trajectory of the evolution of the LCA methodological framework. It specifically addresses perspectives on typical LCA methods, dynamic LCA methods, expanding LCA into multidimensional assessment, simplifying the methodological framework, and integrating with other methods. Furthermore, it delves into improvements and optimizations of the methodological framework alongside their distinct characteristics. Drawing on insights from current analyses and the evolutionary path of the LCA methodological framework, this study outlines future research directions for LCA. It aims to serve as a reference for scholars in this field, thereby fostering further methodological enhancements and broadening the scope of LCA applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 425-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.greenca.2024.05.007
Mingyu Hu , Changyu Yang , Yalan Zhang , Shihe Yang , Yuanyuan Zhou
Low-bandgap inorganic perovskites are a group of materials that can simultaneously harness the stability merit of an all-inorganic composition and high photovoltaic efficiency potential of low-bandgap light absorbers as compared with other perovskite materials. Therefore, low-bandgap inorganic perovskites are promising materials options for the development of both single-junction and tandem solar cells. In this review, we summarize the recent studies addressing the major issues related to these perovskites, including the low phase stability and uncontrolled Sn-related defects. We also present a perspective discussion on future research directions related to these perovskites. We propose to gain insights into those unique thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of these perovskites to understand and overcome their low phase stability. In particular, we envision that fundamental investigations leveraging 119Sn NMR may open a new pathway for understanding and alleviating Sn-related defects. Continued efforts in the discussed areas are expected to unleash the full technological potential of low-bandgap inorganic perovskites for high-performance solar cells and modules.
{"title":"Photovoltaics of low-bandgap inorganic perovskites","authors":"Mingyu Hu , Changyu Yang , Yalan Zhang , Shihe Yang , Yuanyuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-bandgap inorganic perovskites are a group of materials that can simultaneously harness the stability merit of an all-inorganic composition and high photovoltaic efficiency potential of low-bandgap light absorbers as compared with other perovskite materials. Therefore, low-bandgap inorganic perovskites are promising materials options for the development of both single-junction and tandem solar cells. In this review, we summarize the recent studies addressing the major issues related to these perovskites, including the low phase stability and uncontrolled Sn-related defects. We also present a perspective discussion on future research directions related to these perovskites. We propose to gain insights into those unique thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of these perovskites to understand and overcome their low phase stability. In particular, we envision that fundamental investigations leveraging <sup>119</sup>Sn NMR may open a new pathway for understanding and alleviating Sn-related defects. Continued efforts in the discussed areas are expected to unleash the full technological potential of low-bandgap inorganic perovskites for high-performance solar cells and modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.greenca.2024.06.003
Hao Wei , Zhipeng Shao , Zihao Li , Shuping Pang , Guanglei Cui
{"title":"Enhancing efficiency in inverted perovskite solar cells: The role of dual-site binding ligands","authors":"Hao Wei , Zhipeng Shao , Zihao Li , Shuping Pang , Guanglei Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 316-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.greenca.2024.05.003
Weiqin Wei , Zhen Wei , Ruizhe Li , Hong Yuan , Jiansheng Chen , Jun Lv , Shuxin Ouyang
Regulating the interaction between the substrate and electrode is crucial for maximizing catalytic performance. In this study, we developed a method for controlling the sintering temperature and introducing H2O2 post-treatment to modulate the N-doping of C catalysts, enhancing the interaction between the substrate and electrode to cause a radical reaction, thereby promoting electrocatalytic decarboxylation. When 10 g of feedstock was used, the electrocatalytic system exhibited 9.4- and 4.2-fold increases in productivity and current efficiency, respectively, compared with the conventional method. A systematic investigation combining experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that pyridine N-oxide units not only promote bridging adsorption of the substrate and the formation of a substrate-enriched electric layer but also the transfer of mass and electrons, generating more reactive carboxyl radicals. The electrocatalytic system delivers a current efficiency of 98%, which is exceptional compared to previously reported electrocatalysts. The system is in line with the development trend of the green chemical industry, combining flow reactors and photovoltaic technology. This study offers valuable insights and guidance for advancing electrocatalytic organic synthesis for future industrial applications.
调节基底和电极之间的相互作用对于最大限度地提高催化性能至关重要。在本研究中，我们开发了一种控制烧结温度和引入 H2O2 后处理的方法，以调节 C 催化剂的 N 掺杂，增强基质与电极之间的相互作用，引起自由基反应，从而促进电催化脱羧。与传统方法相比，当使用 10 克原料时，电催化系统的生产率和电流效率分别提高了 9.4 倍和 4.2 倍。结合实验和理论计算进行的系统研究表明，吡啶 N-氧化物单元不仅能促进基质的桥接吸附和基质富集电层的形成，还能促进质量和电子的转移，产生活性更高的羧基自由基。该电催化系统的电流效率高达 98%，与之前报道的电催化剂相比非常出色。该系统结合了流动反应器和光伏技术，符合绿色化工行业的发展趋势。这项研究为推动电催化有机合成在未来的工业应用提供了宝贵的见解和指导。
{"title":"Fine-tuning N-doped species of C catalysts for 98% current efficiency of electrocatalytic decarboxylation into hindered ether","authors":"Weiqin Wei , Zhen Wei , Ruizhe Li , Hong Yuan , Jiansheng Chen , Jun Lv , Shuxin Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regulating the interaction between the substrate and electrode is crucial for maximizing catalytic performance. In this study, we developed a method for controlling the sintering temperature and introducing H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> post-treatment to modulate the N-doping of C catalysts, enhancing the interaction between the substrate and electrode to cause a radical reaction, thereby promoting electrocatalytic decarboxylation. When 10 g of feedstock was used, the electrocatalytic system exhibited 9.4- and 4.2-fold increases in productivity and current efficiency, respectively, compared with the conventional method. A systematic investigation combining experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that pyridine N-oxide units not only promote bridging adsorption of the substrate and the formation of a substrate-enriched electric layer but also the transfer of mass and electrons, generating more reactive carboxyl radicals. The electrocatalytic system delivers a current efficiency of 98%, which is exceptional compared to previously reported electrocatalysts. The system is in line with the development trend of the green chemical industry, combining flow reactors and photovoltaic technology. This study offers valuable insights and guidance for advancing electrocatalytic organic synthesis for future industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon footprint (CF), a measure of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is currently a global concern because of its significant effects on climate change. Understanding GHG emissions from potable water production is important because water treatment and distribution consume much energy while emitting a significant amount of GHG. With economic and population growth, water demand has increased, resulting in higher GHG emissions. This study aims to assess the CF of potable water production in Bangladesh, focusing on the country’s economic capital, Chattogram. This study estimates and compares the CF of the treatment, distribution, and consumption phases. It also estimates the CF of different water treatment plants (WTPs) during the treatment phase. WTPs use electricity for a full-scale operation, during which approximately 4.5 million m3 of raw water of varying turbidity is treated. This study calculates a country-specific GHG emission factor for Bangladesh’s electricity generation method as different sources produce different quantities of GHGs. This study also considers the energy consumed to distribute water from the WTPs to household rooftop tanks in the distribution phase. For the consumption phase, the study considers the energy consumption for domestic water treatment, which involves boiling of a portion of treated water for drinking purposes. The study estimates that approximately 0.18, 0.27, and 17.52 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2-eq) are emitted in the treatment, distribution, and consumption phases, respectively, for the production of 1 m3 of water. Boiling at the consumption phase alone generates 97.48% of the total CF. The daily CFs for surface water and groundwater use in 2017 were 16,387.78 and 34,092.08 kg CO2-eq, respectively; those in 2022 were 83,769.25 and 2130.97 kg CO2-eq, respectively. The outcome of this study will assist stakeholders and policymakers in the progress of SDG-13 and in effective planning and operational decision making for sustainable water systems.
{"title":"Assessment of carbon footprint of potable water production: A case from Bangladesh","authors":"Pritom Bhowmik Akash, Pranjol Chakraborty, Niloy Das, Md. Reaz Akter Mullick","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon footprint (CF), a measure of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is currently a global concern because of its significant effects on climate change. Understanding GHG emissions from potable water production is important because water treatment and distribution consume much energy while emitting a significant amount of GHG. With economic and population growth, water demand has increased, resulting in higher GHG emissions. This study aims to assess the CF of potable water production in Bangladesh, focusing on the country’s economic capital, Chattogram. This study estimates and compares the CF of the treatment, distribution, and consumption phases. It also estimates the CF of different water treatment plants (WTPs) during the treatment phase. WTPs use electricity for a full-scale operation, during which approximately 4.5 million m<sup>3</sup> of raw water of varying turbidity is treated. This study calculates a country-specific GHG emission factor for Bangladesh’s electricity generation method as different sources produce different quantities of GHGs. This study also considers the energy consumed to distribute water from the WTPs to household rooftop tanks in the distribution phase. For the consumption phase, the study considers the energy consumption for domestic water treatment, which involves boiling of a portion of treated water for drinking purposes. The study estimates that approximately 0.18, 0.27, and 17.52 kg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (CO<sub>2</sub>-eq) are emitted in the treatment, distribution, and consumption phases, respectively, for the production of 1 m<sup>3</sup> of water. Boiling at the consumption phase alone generates 97.48% of the total CF. The daily CFs for surface water and groundwater use in 2017 were 16,387.78 and 34,092.08 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq, respectively; those in 2022 were 83,769.25 and 2130.97 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq, respectively. The outcome of this study will assist stakeholders and policymakers in the progress of SDG-13 and in effective planning and operational decision making for sustainable water systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 339-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.greenca.2024.05.004
Satoshi Misaki , Moe Takabatake , Shingo Hasegawa , Yuichi Manaka , Wang-Jae Chun , Ken Motokura
The direct alkylation of benzene with alkanes is an effective method for alkylbenzene production. Our group previously discovered that a mixture of supported Pd nanoparticles and solid acids effectively promoted the alkylation of benzene with alkanes. Herein, the alkylation of toluene with n-heptane was catalyzed by physical mixture of H-mordenite and Pd nanoparticles supported on hydrotalcite to afford the corresponding C7 alkylation product with 87% selectivity and 14% toluene conversion. The reaction slightly proceeded in the absence of Pd nanoparticles or H-mordenite, indicating cooperative catalysis by the two different solid catalysts. Moreover, the high stability of the Pd nanoparticles on hydrotalcite was confirmed via reuse experiments and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The catalyst mixture was reused at least three times without any loss of product yield, and after three reuses, TEM analysis revealed that the size of the Pd nanoparticles following the initial catalytic reaction was similar to that of the catalyst. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) analysis of the recovered catalyst mixture revealed the preservation of Pd nanoparticles on the hydrotalcite surface, as well as the close positioning of the two different catalyst particles, thus suggesting interparticle hydrogen transfer. The structure of the solid acid strongly affected the alkylation product selectivity. For example, H-mordenite showed high selectivity for the n-heptane alkylation product with a C7 alkyl chain, whereas the selectivity changed with other zeolites. This cooperative catalytic system can be applied to the alkylation of other substituted benzenes, such as xylenes and phenols, with good selectivity toward the desired alkylation product.
{"title":"Effect of zeolites on the alkylation of aromatics with alkanes using a Pd nanoparticle/solid acid cooperative catalytic system","authors":"Satoshi Misaki , Moe Takabatake , Shingo Hasegawa , Yuichi Manaka , Wang-Jae Chun , Ken Motokura","doi":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greenca.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The direct alkylation of benzene with alkanes is an effective method for alkylbenzene production. Our group previously discovered that a mixture of supported Pd nanoparticles and solid acids effectively promoted the alkylation of benzene with alkanes. Herein, the alkylation of toluene with <em>n</em>-heptane was catalyzed by physical mixture of H-mordenite and Pd nanoparticles supported on hydrotalcite to afford the corresponding C7 alkylation product with 87% selectivity and 14% toluene conversion. The reaction slightly proceeded in the absence of Pd nanoparticles or H-mordenite, indicating cooperative catalysis by the two different solid catalysts. Moreover, the high stability of the Pd nanoparticles on hydrotalcite was confirmed via reuse experiments and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The catalyst mixture was reused at least three times without any loss of product yield, and after three reuses, TEM analysis revealed that the size of the Pd nanoparticles following the initial catalytic reaction was similar to that of the catalyst. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) analysis of the recovered catalyst mixture revealed the preservation of Pd nanoparticles on the hydrotalcite surface, as well as the close positioning of the two different catalyst particles, thus suggesting interparticle hydrogen transfer. The structure of the solid acid strongly affected the alkylation product selectivity. For example, H-mordenite showed high selectivity for the <em>n</em>-heptane alkylation product with a C7 alkyl chain, whereas the selectivity changed with other zeolites. This cooperative catalytic system can be applied to the alkylation of other substituted benzenes, such as xylenes and phenols, with good selectivity toward the desired alkylation product.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100595,"journal":{"name":"Green Carbon","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 282-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号