The introduction of fiber subscriber systems is assessed from the viewpoints of incentives for the network operator, merits for the users, and the expansion of the social infrastructure. The design of point-to-multipoint transmission system, which will be applied to fiber-to-the-home and fiber-to-the-floor systems, are presented. It is shown that the penetration of these systems depends on new service demand, especially for FTTH. Service development and system development are both essential.< >
{"title":"Fiber optic subscriber systems","authors":"K. Okada;H. Shinohara","doi":"10.1109/80.171688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.171688","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of fiber subscriber systems is assessed from the viewpoints of incentives for the network operator, merits for the users, and the expansion of the social infrastructure. The design of point-to-multipoint transmission system, which will be applied to fiber-to-the-home and fiber-to-the-floor systems, are presented. It is shown that the penetration of these systems depends on new service demand, especially for FTTH. Service development and system development are both essential.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 4","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.171688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49985960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current status and R&D directions in optical fiber for use in communications systems, focusing on silica-based fibers, are reviewed. Fiber material systems, high-performance fiber designs, silica-based fiber reliability issues and fabrication processes, fiber passive components, fiber-based optical amplifiers and lasers, and fiber nonlinear effects are discussed.< >
{"title":"R&D directions for optical fiber","authors":"S.R. Nagel","doi":"10.1109/80.171691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.171691","url":null,"abstract":"The current status and R&D directions in optical fiber for use in communications systems, focusing on silica-based fibers, are reviewed. Fiber material systems, high-performance fiber designs, silica-based fiber reliability issues and fabrication processes, fiber passive components, fiber-based optical amplifiers and lasers, and fiber nonlinear effects are discussed.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 4","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.171691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49985963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Key issues in handling optical frequencies for broadband communication services and constructing optical frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are discussed. The configuration of OFDM transmission systems, their use of multichannel frequency stabilization, multiplexer/demultiplexer, tunable filters, and common amplification systems, and the effects of optical-fiber nonlinearities of OFDM systems are described. The applicability of OFDM to various kinds of telecommunication networks, such as high-capacity end-to-end transmission, information distribution, multinode networks and subscriber systems of both transfer and access networks is discussed.< >
{"title":"Advanced technology for fiber optic subscriber systems","authors":"H. Toba;N. Shibata","doi":"10.1109/80.171689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.171689","url":null,"abstract":"Key issues in handling optical frequencies for broadband communication services and constructing optical frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are discussed. The configuration of OFDM transmission systems, their use of multichannel frequency stabilization, multiplexer/demultiplexer, tunable filters, and common amplification systems, and the effects of optical-fiber nonlinearities of OFDM systems are described. The applicability of OFDM to various kinds of telecommunication networks, such as high-capacity end-to-end transmission, information distribution, multinode networks and subscriber systems of both transfer and access networks is discussed.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 4","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.171689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49985961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The penetration of optical fiber cables into subscriber loop systems, currently in the initial or growing phase in many countries, is discussed. Current optical fiber cable and cable connection technologies that permit fast responses to network configuration changes are reviewed. Future cables and operation technologies, such as ultra-high-density cables, modules for remote automatic operation, and integrated smart cable operating systems are described.< >
{"title":"Operating fiber cable in subscriber networks","authors":"N. Kashima;N. Tomita;M. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1109/80.171690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.171690","url":null,"abstract":"The penetration of optical fiber cables into subscriber loop systems, currently in the initial or growing phase in many countries, is discussed. Current optical fiber cable and cable connection technologies that permit fast responses to network configuration changes are reviewed. Future cables and operation technologies, such as ultra-high-density cables, modules for remote automatic operation, and integrated smart cable operating systems are described.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 4","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.171690","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49985962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advantages and disadvantages of centralized, local, and stand-alone solar (SAS) power systems for powering fiber-in-the-loop systems are discussed. The component costs of the three architectures and their life-cycle costs are estimated. It is shown that, while no single power architecture can be used ubiquitously, centralized power appears to have a cost advantage over local and SAS power for loop lengths less than about 5000 ft. For loops longer than 5000 ft., the optimum power architecture must be decided on a case-by-case basis.< >
{"title":"Powering fiber-in-the-loop systems","authors":"K. Mistry","doi":"10.1109/80.171692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.171692","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages and disadvantages of centralized, local, and stand-alone solar (SAS) power systems for powering fiber-in-the-loop systems are discussed. The component costs of the three architectures and their life-cycle costs are estimated. It is shown that, while no single power architecture can be used ubiquitously, centralized power appears to have a cost advantage over local and SAS power for loop lengths less than about 5000 ft. For loops longer than 5000 ft., the optimum power architecture must be decided on a case-by-case basis.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 4","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.171692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49985964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A photonic asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch that can achieve very high throughput by using two-dimensional optical functional devices for both optical buffer memories and an optical self-routing circuit is described. The photonic switch uses vertical to surface transmission electrophotonic devices (VSTEPs). It is shown that the optical cell signal speed in the proposed optical buffer memory can reach around 10 Gb/s, and the optical header-driven, self-routing circuit can switch 10 Gb/s optical signals. The maximum input and output port numbers in the self-routing circuit are estimated to be around 100. As a result, the total throughput for the photonic ATM switch can reach as large as the Tb/s level.< >
{"title":"Electro-photonic devices for gigabit networks","authors":"S. Suzuki;K. Kasahara","doi":"10.1109/80.167002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.167002","url":null,"abstract":"A photonic asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch that can achieve very high throughput by using two-dimensional optical functional devices for both optical buffer memories and an optical self-routing circuit is described. The photonic switch uses vertical to surface transmission electrophotonic devices (VSTEPs). It is shown that the optical cell signal speed in the proposed optical buffer memory can reach around 10 Gb/s, and the optical header-driven, self-routing circuit can switch 10 Gb/s optical signals. The maximum input and output port numbers in the self-routing circuit are estimated to be around 100. As a result, the total throughput for the photonic ATM switch can reach as large as the Tb/s level.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 3","pages":"36-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.167002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49940319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the keys to the future of telecommunications companies will be their ability to provide new broadband services to both the business community and residential customers. With the new services will come the need for the equivalent of a broadband switching office. Such a system could require the capability of supporting in excess of 10000 users with broadband channel bit rates exceeding 100 Mb/s. This implies a switching fabric the aggregate bit rate of which could be greater than 1 Tb/s. Guided-wave technology and free-space technology switching fabrics are discussed. Three time-division-based switching fabrics are proposed, and two wavelength-division-based switching fabrics and two multidivision fabrics are described. The fine-grain space-division fabrics associated with S-SEED devices are discussed. The ways in which 2-D optoelectronic integrated circuits (2D-OEICs) or smart pixels could be used as the building blocks for larger and more complex switching fabrics are described.< >
{"title":"Photonics in switching (systems for telecommunications)","authors":"H.S. Hinton","doi":"10.1109/80.167001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.167001","url":null,"abstract":"One of the keys to the future of telecommunications companies will be their ability to provide new broadband services to both the business community and residential customers. With the new services will come the need for the equivalent of a broadband switching office. Such a system could require the capability of supporting in excess of 10000 users with broadband channel bit rates exceeding 100 Mb/s. This implies a switching fabric the aggregate bit rate of which could be greater than 1 Tb/s. Guided-wave technology and free-space technology switching fabrics are discussed. Three time-division-based switching fabrics are proposed, and two wavelength-division-based switching fabrics and two multidivision fabrics are described. The fine-grain space-division fabrics associated with S-SEED devices are discussed. The ways in which 2-D optoelectronic integrated circuits (2D-OEICs) or smart pixels could be used as the building blocks for larger and more complex switching fabrics are described.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 3","pages":"26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.167001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49940318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A variety of physical and logical topologies for optical networks are discussed. The applicability of the multihop architecture as a viable solution for packet-switched lightwave networks is described. Design considerations of these networks and the advantages and disadvantages of using this approach are presented. The many tradeoffs to be considered when evaluating the various architectural alternatives are also discussed.< >
{"title":"Multihop logical topologies for gigabit lightwave networks","authors":"K.N. Sivarajan","doi":"10.1109/80.167000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.167000","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of physical and logical topologies for optical networks are discussed. The applicability of the multihop architecture as a viable solution for packet-switched lightwave networks is described. Design considerations of these networks and the advantages and disadvantages of using this approach are presented. The many tradeoffs to be considered when evaluating the various architectural alternatives are also discussed.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 3","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.167000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49940316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ways in which photonic and optoelectronic technologies could play an important role in future highly scalable and flexible interconnects for multicomputer parallel processing systems are discussed. For electronic interconnect implementation, the primary limitations arise from transmission drive power requirements, limited bandwidth, and the crosstalk-limited length. It is shown that photonic interconnects can relieve these bottlenecks in order to allow systems to scale to large numbers of nodes without degrading the interconnect performance. As an example, a network architecture capable of interconnecting thousands of processors with multigigabit average access rate per user, and peak access rates an order of magnitude higher is presented. The network topology is a shuffle-exchange, multihop, multipath, wraparound direct interconnect that utilizes self-routing and a deflection flow control technique to simplify and speed the processing. An experimental 2*2 photonic switching node based on the presented techniques is described.< >
{"title":"Photonic interconnects for gigabit multicomputer communications","authors":"J.R. Sauer;D.J. Blumenthal;A.V. Ramanan","doi":"10.1109/80.166999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.166999","url":null,"abstract":"The ways in which photonic and optoelectronic technologies could play an important role in future highly scalable and flexible interconnects for multicomputer parallel processing systems are discussed. For electronic interconnect implementation, the primary limitations arise from transmission drive power requirements, limited bandwidth, and the crosstalk-limited length. It is shown that photonic interconnects can relieve these bottlenecks in order to allow systems to scale to large numbers of nodes without degrading the interconnect performance. As an example, a network architecture capable of interconnecting thousands of processors with multigigabit average access rate per user, and peak access rates an order of magnitude higher is presented. The network topology is a shuffle-exchange, multihop, multipath, wraparound direct interconnect that utilizes self-routing and a deflection flow control technique to simplify and speed the processing. An experimental 2*2 photonic switching node based on the presented techniques is described.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 3","pages":"12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.166999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49940317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fiber-channel standard, which permits workstation vendors to use one physical interface for peripheral control and network interfaces at gigabit rates, is discussed. Fiber channel specifications are reviewed, covering the physical model, transmission building blocks, class of service, connections, frame format, frame header, flow control and fiber channel fabrics. The fiber channel network at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is described.< >
{"title":"Fiber channel in the local area network","authors":"D. Getchell;P. Rupert","doi":"10.1109/80.143480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.143480","url":null,"abstract":"The fiber-channel standard, which permits workstation vendors to use one physical interface for peripheral control and network interfaces at gigabit rates, is discussed. Fiber channel specifications are reviewed, covering the physical model, transmission building blocks, class of service, connections, frame format, frame header, flow control and fiber channel fabrics. The fiber channel network at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is described.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 2","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.143480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49964985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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