An overview of different self-healing network architectures, focusing on ring architectures, is presented. Digital cross-connect systems-based self-healing and diversely routed protection are briefly discussed. Since a typical self-healing network design may use all of the self-healing architectures, a discussion on applications perspectives, illustrating how the various self-healing technologies may best fit in the evolving network, is included.< >
{"title":"Self-healing rings in a synchronous environment","authors":"I. Haque;W. Kremer;K. Raychaudhuri","doi":"10.1109/80.109225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.109225","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of different self-healing network architectures, focusing on ring architectures, is presented. Digital cross-connect systems-based self-healing and diversely routed protection are briefly discussed. Since a typical self-healing network design may use all of the self-healing architectures, a discussion on applications perspectives, illustrating how the various self-healing technologies may best fit in the evolving network, is included.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 4","pages":"30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.109225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of open system interconnection (OSI) protocol and management principles to synchronous optical network (SONET) operations and management is described. The role of the seven-layer OSI protocol stack in allowing SONET network elements to communicate with each other and with operation systems (OSs) by way of SONET data communications channels, local area networks (LANs), and wide-area packet-switched networks is discussed. The use of object-oriented information modeling techniques and the services of the common management information service element (CMISE) for developing standardized operations messages are described. The transition from the current operations communications environment supported by many OSs to the fully OSI-based target environment is briefly discussed.< >
{"title":"SONET and OSI: making a connection","authors":"C.N. Day;Chi-Ho Lin","doi":"10.1109/80.109228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.109228","url":null,"abstract":"The application of open system interconnection (OSI) protocol and management principles to synchronous optical network (SONET) operations and management is described. The role of the seven-layer OSI protocol stack in allowing SONET network elements to communicate with each other and with operation systems (OSs) by way of SONET data communications channels, local area networks (LANs), and wide-area packet-switched networks is discussed. The use of object-oriented information modeling techniques and the services of the common management information service element (CMISE) for developing standardized operations messages are described. The transition from the current operations communications environment supported by many OSs to the fully OSI-based target environment is briefly discussed.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 4","pages":"52-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.109228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The synchronous optical network (SONET) standard allows the development of fiber-optic network elements that enable many advanced network capabilities, including cost-effective drop and insert (or add/drop), complete performance monitoring of both facilities and payloads, and remote provisioning and maintenance through high-capacity embedded operations channels carried in the SONET overhead. These advanced capabilities are accompanied by the need for intelligent network management to effectively utilize all the advantages that SONET brings to the telecommunications network. The management functions required by SONET networks, the benefit to the network of those functions, the varied network management environments that exist for SONET, and the network management architecture being deployed for SONET are discussed.< >
{"title":"Managing SONET networks","authors":"J.E. Jakubson","doi":"10.1109/80.109221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.109221","url":null,"abstract":"The synchronous optical network (SONET) standard allows the development of fiber-optic network elements that enable many advanced network capabilities, including cost-effective drop and insert (or add/drop), complete performance monitoring of both facilities and payloads, and remote provisioning and maintenance through high-capacity embedded operations channels carried in the SONET overhead. These advanced capabilities are accompanied by the need for intelligent network management to effectively utilize all the advantages that SONET brings to the telecommunications network. The management functions required by SONET networks, the benefit to the network of those functions, the varied network management environments that exist for SONET, and the network management architecture being deployed for SONET are discussed.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 4","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.109221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49951921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The commercial introduction of optical transmission systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) systems by Nippon Telephone and Telegraph is discussed. SDH-based systems efficiently multiplex signals, from narrowband telephone and facsimile signals to broadband video signals. All digital sources are synchronized regardless of their signal speed. The transmission system design concept, including the synchronous digital transmission system's modular structure that allows its functions to be freely increased and enhanced, and the SDH-based system deployment are described.< >
{"title":"Japan's network evolution relies on SDH-based systems","authors":"H. Shirakawa;K. Maki;H. Miura","doi":"10.1109/80.109222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.109222","url":null,"abstract":"The commercial introduction of optical transmission systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) systems by Nippon Telephone and Telegraph is discussed. SDH-based systems efficiently multiplex signals, from narrowband telephone and facsimile signals to broadband video signals. All digital sources are synchronized regardless of their signal speed. The transmission system design concept, including the synchronous digital transmission system's modular structure that allows its functions to be freely increased and enhanced, and the SDH-based system deployment are described.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 4","pages":"14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.109222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49951922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The status and trends of the American National Standards Institute's synchronous optical networks (SONET) standards activities are discussed. A list of existing and emerging SONET products is presented, along with their deployment and development statuses. Current and potential SONET applications are described.< >
{"title":"Where in SONET?","authors":"Ching Yau-Chau;G.W. Cyboron","doi":"10.1109/80.109227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.109227","url":null,"abstract":"The status and trends of the American National Standards Institute's synchronous optical networks (SONET) standards activities are discussed. A list of existing and emerging SONET products is presented, along with their deployment and development statuses. Current and potential SONET applications are described.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 4","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.109227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is demonstrated that metropolitan networks can be analyzed to develop an architectural strategy that provides both cost-effective bandwidth management and survivability. The planning and deployment considerations, methodologies, and planning tools are discussed. An example of a planned synchronous optical network (SONET) metropolitan network, including the transition from an asynchronous network, is presented. It is shown that the most effective deployment strategy for SONET is built around an infrastructure of survivable SONET rings and automated facility management based on a combination of SONET cross-connects and distributed bandwidth management in SONET ring terminals. This SONET infrastructure will provide the framework for the predicted expansion in communications services, and will meet expanding telecommunication needs.< >
{"title":"Planning and deploying a SONET-based metro network","authors":"M. To;J. McEachern","doi":"10.1109/80.109223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.109223","url":null,"abstract":"It is demonstrated that metropolitan networks can be analyzed to develop an architectural strategy that provides both cost-effective bandwidth management and survivability. The planning and deployment considerations, methodologies, and planning tools are discussed. An example of a planned synchronous optical network (SONET) metropolitan network, including the transition from an asynchronous network, is presented. It is shown that the most effective deployment strategy for SONET is built around an infrastructure of survivable SONET rings and automated facility management based on a combination of SONET cross-connects and distributed bandwidth management in SONET ring terminals. This SONET infrastructure will provide the framework for the predicted expansion in communications services, and will meet expanding telecommunication needs.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 4","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.109223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The embodiment of the synchronous optical network (SONET) standard in a host-digital terminal/optical network unit (HDT/ONU) architecture that incorporates DS0 and DS1 time slot interchange capabilities is discussed. Technical performance issues, such as network synchronization in the context of a SONET-based HDT, are discussed. Some of the benefits of extending the SONET structure, including virtual tributary payload mapping to the ONU through the proprietary passive distribution network, are discussed.< >
{"title":"The synchronous optical network and fiber in the loop","authors":"T.R. Eames;G.T. Hawley","doi":"10.1109/80.109224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.109224","url":null,"abstract":"The embodiment of the synchronous optical network (SONET) standard in a host-digital terminal/optical network unit (HDT/ONU) architecture that incorporates DS0 and DS1 time slot interchange capabilities is discussed. Technical performance issues, such as network synchronization in the context of a SONET-based HDT, are discussed. Some of the benefits of extending the SONET structure, including virtual tributary payload mapping to the ONU through the proprietary passive distribution network, are discussed.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 4","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.109224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B.E. Basch;W.A. Bruwer;D.D. Casey;W.L. Smith;D.R. Spears
The VISTAnet project, a testbed for developing very high-speed networks and applications requiring such networks, is described. In particular, the field trials of two switches are discussed. One is a prototype broadband crossconnect switch; the other is a prototype asynchronous transfer mode switch. The new switches will interconnect three very powerful computers in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. A medical application that will be supported by the switching technology is also described. The important broadband ISDN issues that will be explored by the VISTAnet project are examined.< >
{"title":"VISTAnet: a BISDN field trial","authors":"B.E. Basch;W.A. Bruwer;D.D. Casey;W.L. Smith;D.R. Spears","doi":"10.1109/80.93302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.93302","url":null,"abstract":"The VISTAnet project, a testbed for developing very high-speed networks and applications requiring such networks, is described. In particular, the field trials of two switches are discussed. One is a prototype broadband crossconnect switch; the other is a prototype asynchronous transfer mode switch. The new switches will interconnect three very powerful computers in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina. A medical application that will be supported by the switching technology is also described. The important broadband ISDN issues that will be explored by the VISTAnet project are examined.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 3","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.93302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some possible access scenarios for broadband ISDN based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching are examined. The use of existing or emerging networks such as local area networks (LANs) or metropolitan area networks (MANs) as access networks is discussed. These networks are well suited for the data-oriented information that is seen as the first main application in the BISDN. Following the geographical extension of existing LAN applications, multimedia is generally seen to be a very important broadband application. Possible access schemes based directly on ATM cells and not restricted to a specific service are then considered. The status of the discussions in the International Consultative Committee for Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) on generic flow control, which has a close relationship to ATM-based networks in the customer premises, is summarized.< >
{"title":"Multiple access for BISDN","authors":"E.-H. Goeldner;M.N. Huber","doi":"10.1109/80.93304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.93304","url":null,"abstract":"Some possible access scenarios for broadband ISDN based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching are examined. The use of existing or emerging networks such as local area networks (LANs) or metropolitan area networks (MANs) as access networks is discussed. These networks are well suited for the data-oriented information that is seen as the first main application in the BISDN. Following the geographical extension of existing LAN applications, multimedia is generally seen to be a very important broadband application. Possible access schemes based directly on ATM cells and not restricted to a specific service are then considered. The status of the discussions in the International Consultative Committee for Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) on generic flow control, which has a close relationship to ATM-based networks in the customer premises, is summarized.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 3","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.93304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The status and technical characteristics of broadband ISDN (BISDN) as they are currently being defined by the International Consultative Committee for Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) are outlined. Four main aspects of BISDN are considered: the services supported by BISDN, including their impact on end-to-end network requirements; the different protocol layers necessary to build a BISDN capable of supporting the above-mentioned services; the nature of the user-network interface (UNI), including the features necessary to support different customer premises' configurations; and the network control aspects necessary to allow the protocols and UNI to support BISDN services. The new service opportunities that BISDN will bring to public telecommunications networks are identified.< >
{"title":"International standardization of BISDN","authors":"A. Day","doi":"10.1109/80.93301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.93301","url":null,"abstract":"The status and technical characteristics of broadband ISDN (BISDN) as they are currently being defined by the International Consultative Committee for Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) are outlined. Four main aspects of BISDN are considered: the services supported by BISDN, including their impact on end-to-end network requirements; the different protocol layers necessary to build a BISDN capable of supporting the above-mentioned services; the nature of the user-network interface (UNI), including the features necessary to support different customer premises' configurations; and the network control aspects necessary to allow the protocols and UNI to support BISDN services. The new service opportunities that BISDN will bring to public telecommunications networks are identified.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 3","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.93301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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