Candidate transmitters, optical amplifiers, and detectors that can meet the very demanding constraints for digital multigigabit long-haul terrestrial communication systems through conventional fiber are reviewed. The focus is on optical devices capable of approximately 10-GHz response. Electronic issues are not addressed. The performance of existing and future external modulators, optical fiber amplifiers, and detectors is summarized. Some dispersion compensation schemes are examined, and the use of dispersion-shifted fiber for extending the reach of terrestrial networks is examined.< >
{"title":"Multigigabit networks: the challenge","authors":"C. Rolland;L.E. Tarof;A. Somani","doi":"10.1109/80.143478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.143478","url":null,"abstract":"Candidate transmitters, optical amplifiers, and detectors that can meet the very demanding constraints for digital multigigabit long-haul terrestrial communication systems through conventional fiber are reviewed. The focus is on optical devices capable of approximately 10-GHz response. Electronic issues are not addressed. The performance of existing and future external modulators, optical fiber amplifiers, and detectors is summarized. Some dispersion compensation schemes are examined, and the use of dispersion-shifted fiber for extending the reach of terrestrial networks is examined.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 2","pages":"16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.143478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49964984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Factors driving gigabit networking are identified. The problem of wedding the local area networks (LANs) used to interconnect supercomputers to the long-distance networks used for telecommunications is discussed. Changes in computer and telecommunications networks to accommodate higher speeds, longer distances, and new technology are examined. The American National Standard High-Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI) is considered. Connecting HIPPI to SONET and to FDDI is addressed. Circuit-switched, ring, and tree architectures for advanced networks are discussed.< >
{"title":"Gigabit networking","authors":"D.E. Tolmie","doi":"10.1109/80.143479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.143479","url":null,"abstract":"Factors driving gigabit networking are identified. The problem of wedding the local area networks (LANs) used to interconnect supercomputers to the long-distance networks used for telecommunications is discussed. Changes in computer and telecommunications networks to accommodate higher speeds, longer distances, and new technology are examined. The American National Standard High-Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI) is considered. Connecting HIPPI to SONET and to FDDI is addressed. Circuit-switched, ring, and tree architectures for advanced networks are discussed.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 2","pages":"28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.143479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49964982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Services and possible network topologies are discussed. The technological issues related to the implementation of such topologies are investigated, covering optical transmitters and receivers, tunable lasers and filters, and polarization control. Some experimental implementations reported in the literature are described.< >
{"title":"WDM local area networks","authors":"L.G. Kazovsky;C. Barry;M. Hickey;C.A. Noronha;P. Poggiolini","doi":"10.1109/80.143477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.143477","url":null,"abstract":"Services and possible network topologies are discussed. The technological issues related to the implementation of such topologies are investigated, covering optical transmitters and receivers, tunable lasers and filters, and polarization control. Some experimental implementations reported in the literature are described.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 2","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.143477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49964983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author discusses the switched multimegabit data service (SMDS), a connectionless, public, packet switched data service that extends the high performance of fibre optic transmission across a wide area. It is targeted at the rapidly growing need for local area network (LAN) interconnection, which is driven by widespread deployment of LANs. SMDS fits into customer's current communications architectures and preserves their equipment investment. The features and deployment of SMDS are examined.< >
{"title":"Building SMDS on fiber networks","authors":"J. Gill","doi":"10.1109/80.122432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.122432","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses the switched multimegabit data service (SMDS), a connectionless, public, packet switched data service that extends the high performance of fibre optic transmission across a wide area. It is targeted at the rapidly growing need for local area network (LAN) interconnection, which is driven by widespread deployment of LANs. SMDS fits into customer's current communications architectures and preserves their equipment investment. The features and deployment of SMDS are examined.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 1","pages":"51-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.122432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49965584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some recent advances in the two-dimensional multi-quantum-well (MQW) array devices and their applications are reviewed, focusing mainly on the exciton absorptive reflection switch (EARS). It is an optically controlled three-terminal structure based on a self-electrooptic effect device (SEED). Smart pixels enable all-optical switching and processing with a massive parallelism. EARS has good performance in terms of high contrast and optical gain. EARS can perform photonic processing such as all-optical bit pattern matching and waveform regeneration.< >
{"title":"Banishing the electron (exciton absorptive reflection switch)","authors":"T. Kurokawa;S. Matsuo;C. Amano","doi":"10.1109/80.122427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.122427","url":null,"abstract":"Some recent advances in the two-dimensional multi-quantum-well (MQW) array devices and their applications are reviewed, focusing mainly on the exciton absorptive reflection switch (EARS). It is an optically controlled three-terminal structure based on a self-electrooptic effect device (SEED). Smart pixels enable all-optical switching and processing with a massive parallelism. EARS has good performance in terms of high contrast and optical gain. EARS can perform photonic processing such as all-optical bit pattern matching and waveform regeneration.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.122427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49965583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A local area network architecture is described that implements a WDM (wavelength-division multiplexing) network requiring only N wavelengths to create a network that provides N*N concurrent, source-bandwidth-limited channels. The network concept is modular, extendable, and adheres to wide area network store and forward procedures to eliminate contention and thus make efficient use of the underlying links. In its simplest manifestation the network lowers implementation cost by reducing the number of optical transmitters and receivers by more than a factor of two with respect to an equivalent central matrix switch architecture and, by using WDM, reducing the amount of fiber by more than factor of N with respect to an equivalent mesh connectivity wired together as a physical star. To effect these economies the architecture uses both distributed switching and WDM.< >
{"title":"Doing wavelength-division multiplexing with today's technology","authors":"D.H. McMahon","doi":"10.1109/80.122431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.122431","url":null,"abstract":"A local area network architecture is described that implements a WDM (wavelength-division multiplexing) network requiring only N wavelengths to create a network that provides N*N concurrent, source-bandwidth-limited channels. The network concept is modular, extendable, and adheres to wide area network store and forward procedures to eliminate contention and thus make efficient use of the underlying links. In its simplest manifestation the network lowers implementation cost by reducing the number of optical transmitters and receivers by more than a factor of two with respect to an equivalent central matrix switch architecture and, by using WDM, reducing the amount of fiber by more than factor of N with respect to an equivalent mesh connectivity wired together as a physical star. To effect these economies the architecture uses both distributed switching and WDM.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 1","pages":"40-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.122431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49965585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A description is given of the digital fiber optic network synthesis program, or FONS, a computational aid for fiber optic designers to use in the development of networks that conform to given system performance specifications. The role that FONS plays is examined. Three application examples are given. Examination of the numerical results shows close agreement with manual power and bandwidth budget calculations using the same set of input parameters.< >
{"title":"Digital fiber optic network synthesis","authors":"C.S. Bergstrom;J.C. Palais","doi":"10.1109/80.122429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.122429","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of the digital fiber optic network synthesis program, or FONS, a computational aid for fiber optic designers to use in the development of networks that conform to given system performance specifications. The role that FONS plays is examined. Three application examples are given. Examination of the numerical results shows close agreement with manual power and bandwidth budget calculations using the same set of input parameters.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.122429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49965587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Progress in trunk transmission technologies and the impact that these systems may have on the next generation high-speed communication networks are discussed. A nonrepeatered, long-span system field test carried out at 600 Mb/s is reported. The prototype system, using multiple in-line erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and installed dispersion shifted single-mode fiber cables, was tested over a span of 300 km. Repeater spacing compatibility with the existing 600 Mb/s system was confirmed, and capacity upgradability to 10 Gb/s was verified. The bit-rate flexibility of the optical fiber amplifiers is discussed.< >
{"title":"Optical amplification in trunk transmission networks","authors":"K. Nakagawa;K. Aida;K. Aoyama;K. Hohkawa","doi":"10.1109/80.122428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.122428","url":null,"abstract":"Progress in trunk transmission technologies and the impact that these systems may have on the next generation high-speed communication networks are discussed. A nonrepeatered, long-span system field test carried out at 600 Mb/s is reported. The prototype system, using multiple in-line erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and installed dispersion shifted single-mode fiber cables, was tested over a span of 300 km. Repeater spacing compatibility with the existing 600 Mb/s system was confirmed, and capacity upgradability to 10 Gb/s was verified. The bit-rate flexibility of the optical fiber amplifiers is discussed.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.122428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49965582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing use of plastic optical fiber (POF) is examined. POF attachment links are discussed, and POF component and link performance is summarized. PC board layout and EMI considerations are addressed. For LAN hub and peripheral attachment applications, it is important that the fibre optic transceiver interface require the minimum back-plane area and make a negligible contribution to equipment EMI performance. The PC board layout of the transceiver is illustrated.< >
{"title":"Wiring with plastic (optical fibre)","authors":"D. Hanson","doi":"10.1109/80.122430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.122430","url":null,"abstract":"The growing use of plastic optical fiber (POF) is examined. POF attachment links are discussed, and POF component and link performance is summarized. PC board layout and EMI considerations are addressed. For LAN hub and peripheral attachment applications, it is important that the fibre optic transceiver interface require the minimum back-plane area and make a negligible contribution to equipment EMI performance. The PC board layout of the transceiver is illustrated.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"3 1","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.122430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49965586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The plans of France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom for introducing synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment into digital telecommunications networks are described. It is suggested that synchronous transmission techniques can be used to build a reliable, economical, and flexible system with integrated switching and transmission using a relatively simple equipment. After a period of standardization activities, the advent of SDH-based transmission products will carry significant benefits on the network performances in term of service flexibility, reconfigurations, protection, and management functions. The planned SDH equipment, application areas, and interworking with the existing plesiochronous telecommunications networks are discussed.< >
{"title":"Introducing SDH systems in Europe","authors":"P. Passeri;F. Balena;G. Bars;N. Vogt;T. Wright","doi":"10.1109/80.109226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/80.109226","url":null,"abstract":"The plans of France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom for introducing synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment into digital telecommunications networks are described. It is suggested that synchronous transmission techniques can be used to build a reliable, economical, and flexible system with integrated switching and transmission using a relatively simple equipment. After a period of standardization activities, the advent of SDH-based transmission products will carry significant benefits on the network performances in term of service flexibility, reconfigurations, protection, and management functions. The planned SDH equipment, application areas, and interworking with the existing plesiochronous telecommunications networks are discussed.<\u0000<ETX>></ETX>","PeriodicalId":100626,"journal":{"name":"IEEE LTS","volume":"2 4","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/80.109226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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