Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1109/OJIM.2025.3650259
Swathi Muthyala Ramesh;Kristen M. Donnell
Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are arrays of conductive elements or apertures that exhibit frequency-dependent reflection and transmission properties. Their electromagnetic response is influenced by geometry and environmental conditions, making them attractive for wireless strain-sensing applications. However, temperature variations can produce frequency shifts similar to those caused by strain, reducing measurement accuracy. This work investigates the effects of intrinsic temperature compensation on two common FSS unit cell geometries—loop and patch—through comprehensive simulation analysis. The results show that loop-based cells offer superior thermal stability, while patch-based cells provide greater strain sensitivity, illustrating the tradeoff between thermal robustness and mechanical responsiveness. A patch-type FSS strain sensor was designed, fabricated, and characterized under varying temperature and strain. The sensor achieves a strain sensitivity of ~150 MHz per 1%${varepsilon }_{l}$ , while temperature-induced drift is limited to ~12 MHz over a 200°C range, confirming the effectiveness of the intrinsic compensation strategy. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing FSS-based sensor design in structural health monitoring applications and balancing thermal stability with mechanical sensitivity to ensure reliable performance in thermally dynamic environments.
{"title":"Temperature Compensation in Loop and Patch FSS Strain Sensors: Analysis and Experimental Validation","authors":"Swathi Muthyala Ramesh;Kristen M. Donnell","doi":"10.1109/OJIM.2025.3650259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2025.3650259","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are arrays of conductive elements or apertures that exhibit frequency-dependent reflection and transmission properties. Their electromagnetic response is influenced by geometry and environmental conditions, making them attractive for wireless strain-sensing applications. However, temperature variations can produce frequency shifts similar to those caused by strain, reducing measurement accuracy. This work investigates the effects of intrinsic temperature compensation on two common FSS unit cell geometries—loop and patch—through comprehensive simulation analysis. The results show that loop-based cells offer superior thermal stability, while patch-based cells provide greater strain sensitivity, illustrating the tradeoff between thermal robustness and mechanical responsiveness. A patch-type FSS strain sensor was designed, fabricated, and characterized under varying temperature and strain. The sensor achieves a strain sensitivity of ~150 MHz per 1%<inline-formula> <tex-math>${varepsilon }_{l}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while temperature-induced drift is limited to ~12 MHz over a 200°C range, confirming the effectiveness of the intrinsic compensation strategy. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing FSS-based sensor design in structural health monitoring applications and balancing thermal stability with mechanical sensitivity to ensure reliable performance in thermally dynamic environments.","PeriodicalId":100630,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"5 ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11321304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1109/OJIM.2025.3640443
Meng Lu;Manojit Pramanik
{"title":"Guest Editorial of Special Section on Biomedical Instrumentation for Sensing and Measurement","authors":"Meng Lu;Manojit Pramanik","doi":"10.1109/OJIM.2025.3640443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2025.3640443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100630,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"4 ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11301669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/OJIM.2025.3638528
{"title":"IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJIM.2025.3638528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2025.3638528","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100630,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"4 ","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11296864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/OJIM.2025.3638527
{"title":"IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJIM.2025.3638527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2025.3638527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100630,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"4 ","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11296842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a comprehensive assessment of power quality (PQ) disturbances in the industrial power network of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), a leading research facility for particle physics. The study leverages high-resolution measurements (7-days) from Fluke 435 Series II and long-term monitoring data (6-months) from Janitza UMG 512 analyzers to characterize PQ issues. Measurement data were collected from various substations and Points of Common Coupling (PCC) to evaluate harmonics, voltage fluctuations, flicker, and transient events. The high-resolution data (sampled at 500 ms) revealed voltage deviations of up to ±4%, current unbalance exceeding ±10%, and flicker spikes reaching 0.63 Pst, all attributed to nonlinear load dynamics and switching events. In total, 17 voltage swell events and 12 dips were recorded, along with 6 transient disturbances linked to PETRA’s 12-pulse converter operations. Also, voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) levels peaked at 3.6% and 7.5%, respectively, breaching IEEE 519 thresholds under dynamic loading. These findings highlight the necessity of coordinated PQ monitoring strategies and support the development of predictive, data-driven PQ management frameworks tailored to mission-critical industrial networks.
本文介绍了德国电子同步加速器（DESY）工业电网中电能质量（PQ）扰动的综合评估，DESY是粒子物理学的领先研究设施。该研究利用Fluke 435 Series II的高分辨率测量（7天）和Janitza UMG 512分析仪的长期监测数据（6个月）来表征PQ问题。测量数据从不同的变电站和共耦合点（PCC）收集，以评估谐波、电压波动、闪烁和瞬态事件。高分辨率数据（在500 ms采样）显示电压偏差高达±4%，电流不平衡超过±10%，闪烁峰值达到0.63 Pst，所有这些都归因于非线性负载动态和开关事件。总共记录了17次电压膨胀事件和12次电压下降，以及6次与PETRA的12脉冲转换器操作相关的瞬态干扰。电压和电流总谐波失真（THD）峰值分别为3.6%和7.5%，突破了IEEE 519动态负载阈值。这些发现强调了协调PQ监测策略的必要性，并支持针对关键任务工业网络量身定制的预测性、数据驱动的PQ管理框架的开发。
{"title":"Assessment of Power Quality in an Industrial Facility: A Case Study at DESY Hamburg","authors":"Sulaiman Elrajoubi;Markus Faesing;Hans-Jörg Eckoldt;Ferdinanda Ponci;Antonello Monti","doi":"10.1109/OJIM.2025.3629874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2025.3629874","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a comprehensive assessment of power quality (PQ) disturbances in the industrial power network of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), a leading research facility for particle physics. The study leverages high-resolution measurements (7-days) from Fluke 435 Series II and long-term monitoring data (6-months) from Janitza UMG 512 analyzers to characterize PQ issues. Measurement data were collected from various substations and Points of Common Coupling (PCC) to evaluate harmonics, voltage fluctuations, flicker, and transient events. The high-resolution data (sampled at 500 ms) revealed voltage deviations of up to ±4%, current unbalance exceeding ±10%, and flicker spikes reaching 0.63 Pst, all attributed to nonlinear load dynamics and switching events. In total, 17 voltage swell events and 12 dips were recorded, along with 6 transient disturbances linked to PETRA’s 12-pulse converter operations. Also, voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) levels peaked at 3.6% and 7.5%, respectively, breaching IEEE 519 thresholds under dynamic loading. These findings highlight the necessity of coordinated PQ monitoring strategies and support the development of predictive, data-driven PQ management frameworks tailored to mission-critical industrial networks.","PeriodicalId":100630,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"4 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11236960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1109/OJIM.2025.3619249
Paritosh Manurkar;Sudantha Perera;Kate A. Remley;Dylan F. Williams;Mohamed Kashef;Joshua M. Kast;Robert D. Horansky
We present a straightforward and systematic approach for identifying the dominant uncertainties related to vector network analyzer measurements of chambers utilized for free-field test of wireless devices. We assess the uncertainty related to long cable runs and discuss the tradeoffs between the ease of calibration due to the choice of calibration location and the resulting measurement uncertainty. We illustrate these concepts by assessing the combined uncertainty in the power-delay profile and angle-of-arrival of reflected signals within a hybrid anechoic/reflective chamber for three common calibration locations. The framework presented here allows users to quantitatively consider the tradeoffs between uncertainty and ease-of-measurement that are uniquely important to over-the-air chamber-based measurements.
{"title":"Two-Tier Vector-Network-Analyzer Calibrations for Uncertainties in Laboratory-Based Over-the-Air and Channel Measurements","authors":"Paritosh Manurkar;Sudantha Perera;Kate A. Remley;Dylan F. Williams;Mohamed Kashef;Joshua M. Kast;Robert D. Horansky","doi":"10.1109/OJIM.2025.3619249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2025.3619249","url":null,"abstract":"We present a straightforward and systematic approach for identifying the dominant uncertainties related to vector network analyzer measurements of chambers utilized for free-field test of wireless devices. We assess the uncertainty related to long cable runs and discuss the tradeoffs between the ease of calibration due to the choice of calibration location and the resulting measurement uncertainty. We illustrate these concepts by assessing the combined uncertainty in the power-delay profile and angle-of-arrival of reflected signals within a hybrid anechoic/reflective chamber for three common calibration locations. The framework presented here allows users to quantitatively consider the tradeoffs between uncertainty and ease-of-measurement that are uniquely important to over-the-air chamber-based measurements.","PeriodicalId":100630,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"4 ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11214490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1109/OJIM.2025.3619319
Maximilian Noll;Sören Kohnert;Pau Caldero;Christoph Seidel
In this study, an approach to self-localization for rail vehicles using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is evaluated. This method involves matching a current measurement window with a prerecorded map. Typical substructure and superstructure materials of railway lines are analyzed, and their effects on GPR imaging are discussed. An initial preprocessing chain is introduced, and the properties of processed GPR scans are examined. Three specific measurement properties that reduce the comparability of preprocessed measurement windows, thus hindering matching, are identified and explained. To address these challenges, a normalization-based correlation approach is proposed, which scales the data to counteract disruptive properties. Its performance is evaluated by its matching success rate over a 24 km route with four track types, including ballasted and ballastless tracks. Within a 10 km search range, successful matches were possible in 53.8% of the cases for ballastless tracks with sound absorbers and 99.4% for mixed ballastless and ballasted tracks.
{"title":"Investigation of GPR-Based Self-Localization for Rail Vehicles: Evaluating Track Structures and a Correlation-Based Approach","authors":"Maximilian Noll;Sören Kohnert;Pau Caldero;Christoph Seidel","doi":"10.1109/OJIM.2025.3619319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2025.3619319","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an approach to self-localization for rail vehicles using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is evaluated. This method involves matching a current measurement window with a prerecorded map. Typical substructure and superstructure materials of railway lines are analyzed, and their effects on GPR imaging are discussed. An initial preprocessing chain is introduced, and the properties of processed GPR scans are examined. Three specific measurement properties that reduce the comparability of preprocessed measurement windows, thus hindering matching, are identified and explained. To address these challenges, a normalization-based correlation approach is proposed, which scales the data to counteract disruptive properties. Its performance is evaluated by its matching success rate over a 24 km route with four track types, including ballasted and ballastless tracks. Within a 10 km search range, successful matches were possible in 53.8% of the cases for ballastless tracks with sound absorbers and 99.4% for mixed ballastless and ballasted tracks.","PeriodicalId":100630,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"4 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11205510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1109/OJIM.2025.3601251
Rakiba Rayhana;Gaozhi Xiao;Zheng Liu
Underground pipeline networks are essential for safely and efficiently transporting critical resources. Traditional sensing approaches are often limited in coverage and are susceptible to electromagnetic interference, which creates difficulties in long-term deployment. Recently, fiber-optic sensing technologies have gained increasing attention for their ability to provide distributed, high-resolution, and real-time data on key parameters. This review outlines the fundamental principles and classifications of fiber-optic sensors and highlights their practical applications in pipeline engineering. This article also discusses persistent technical and operational challenges and presents potential solutions to overcome the current limitations. Overall, this review serves as a reference for advancing fiber-optic sensing for underground pipeline monitoring.
{"title":"Fiber-Optic Sensing Technologies for Underground Pipeline Monitoring","authors":"Rakiba Rayhana;Gaozhi Xiao;Zheng Liu","doi":"10.1109/OJIM.2025.3601251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2025.3601251","url":null,"abstract":"Underground pipeline networks are essential for safely and efficiently transporting critical resources. Traditional sensing approaches are often limited in coverage and are susceptible to electromagnetic interference, which creates difficulties in long-term deployment. Recently, fiber-optic sensing technologies have gained increasing attention for their ability to provide distributed, high-resolution, and real-time data on key parameters. This review outlines the fundamental principles and classifications of fiber-optic sensors and highlights their practical applications in pipeline engineering. This article also discusses persistent technical and operational challenges and presents potential solutions to overcome the current limitations. Overall, this review serves as a reference for advancing fiber-optic sensing for underground pipeline monitoring.","PeriodicalId":100630,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"4 ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11152663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1109/OJIM.2025.3605224
Tareq Almustafa;Bilel Ben Atitallah;Khaldon Lweesy;Mohammed Ibbini;Olfa Kanoun
This study investigates the potential of impedimetric measurements providing deep muscle information for recognizing 36 American Sign Language (ASL) hand signs. Two measurement methods are considered together for the first time: electrical impedance myography (EIM) and electrical impedance tomography (EIT). EIM was measured along the anterior forearm, while 8-electrode EIT was recorded around the forearm below the elbow. Data were acquired from three volunteers, with each hand sign performed ten times. A correlation analysis was conducted to identify the relevant EIM frequencies to distinguish between hand signs. Among all evaluated algorithms, the random forest classifier achieves the highest classification performance. Classification based on the resistance and reactance at the selected EIM frequencies achieved $61.54~{pm }~0.85$ %, while classification based on EIT boundary voltages achieved 91.04% ${pm }~0.46$ %. Combining the results from both classifiers into an EIM-EIT hybrid classifier improved the accuracy to $92.57~{pm }~0.41$ %, effectively reducing ambiguities between similar hand signs. Achieved results considerably outperform state-of-the-art works, which typically classify fewer hand signs or achieve lower accuracy.
{"title":"Hand Signs Recognition by Deep Muscle Impedimetric Measurements","authors":"Tareq Almustafa;Bilel Ben Atitallah;Khaldon Lweesy;Mohammed Ibbini;Olfa Kanoun","doi":"10.1109/OJIM.2025.3605224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2025.3605224","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the potential of impedimetric measurements providing deep muscle information for recognizing 36 American Sign Language (ASL) hand signs. Two measurement methods are considered together for the first time: electrical impedance myography (EIM) and electrical impedance tomography (EIT). EIM was measured along the anterior forearm, while 8-electrode EIT was recorded around the forearm below the elbow. Data were acquired from three volunteers, with each hand sign performed ten times. A correlation analysis was conducted to identify the relevant EIM frequencies to distinguish between hand signs. Among all evaluated algorithms, the random forest classifier achieves the highest classification performance. Classification based on the resistance and reactance at the selected EIM frequencies achieved <inline-formula> <tex-math>$61.54~{pm }~0.85$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%, while classification based on EIT boundary voltages achieved 91.04% <inline-formula> <tex-math>${pm }~0.46$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%. Combining the results from both classifiers into an EIM-EIT hybrid classifier improved the accuracy to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$92.57~{pm }~0.41$ </tex-math></inline-formula>%, effectively reducing ambiguities between similar hand signs. Achieved results considerably outperform state-of-the-art works, which typically classify fewer hand signs or achieve lower accuracy.","PeriodicalId":100630,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"4 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11152398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1109/OJIM.2025.3604983
Ivan Struzhko;Marc García-Bermúdez;Jordi Solé-Lloveras;Manuel Añón-Cancela;Tom Hartman;Marco A. Azpúrua;Frank Leferink
Although the time-domain approach to electromagnetic interference evaluation offers numerous advantages, including shorter test duration and multichannel acquisition, its practical adoption remains limited. This is mainly because existing standards, such as CISPR 16-1-1, do not explicitly address direct sampling time-domain measuring receivers or define specific calibration and validation procedures for them. While several studies have demonstrated successful use cases, a comprehensive validation of such systems has not yet been performed. This article presents multilevel experimental validations of time-domain measuring receivers, focusing on the direct sampling approach and oscilloscope-based implementations. First, meta-comparisons of FFT-based receivers are made using calibration data obtained from certificates of accredited laboratories. Then, controlled signal sources with known time and spectral characteristics are used to cross-check with different measuring receiver models. Finally, several instruments are benchmarked with respect to their standard detector outputs when measuring the emissions of a power converter while spread spectrum techniques are used. The results show good agreement between the measuring receivers in the time domain and the tested conventional receivers in the frequency domain within the standard error, even though the complexity of the measured signals is different.
{"title":"Multilevel Validation of Direct Sampling Time-Domain Measuring Receivers","authors":"Ivan Struzhko;Marc García-Bermúdez;Jordi Solé-Lloveras;Manuel Añón-Cancela;Tom Hartman;Marco A. Azpúrua;Frank Leferink","doi":"10.1109/OJIM.2025.3604983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIM.2025.3604983","url":null,"abstract":"Although the time-domain approach to electromagnetic interference evaluation offers numerous advantages, including shorter test duration and multichannel acquisition, its practical adoption remains limited. This is mainly because existing standards, such as CISPR 16-1-1, do not explicitly address direct sampling time-domain measuring receivers or define specific calibration and validation procedures for them. While several studies have demonstrated successful use cases, a comprehensive validation of such systems has not yet been performed. This article presents multilevel experimental validations of time-domain measuring receivers, focusing on the direct sampling approach and oscilloscope-based implementations. First, meta-comparisons of FFT-based receivers are made using calibration data obtained from certificates of accredited laboratories. Then, controlled signal sources with known time and spectral characteristics are used to cross-check with different measuring receiver models. Finally, several instruments are benchmarked with respect to their standard detector outputs when measuring the emissions of a power converter while spread spectrum techniques are used. The results show good agreement between the measuring receivers in the time domain and the tested conventional receivers in the frequency domain within the standard error, even though the complexity of the measured signals is different.","PeriodicalId":100630,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"4 ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11152399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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