IJID One Health最新文献

Toxocariasis as an emerging public health challenge: an update on One Health future and challenges 作为新出现的公共卫生挑战的弓形虫病：“同一个健康”的未来和挑战的最新情况

IJID One Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2026.100105

Soheil Sadr, Hassan Borji

Toxocariasis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the migration of larvae of nematode parasites of the genus Toxocara, especially Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, in the human body. Toxocariasis is associated with global spread and multiple clinical complications, including visceral, ocular, and neurological larval migratory syndrome, and has, therefore, been considered a major global health concern. From the perspective of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and challenges associated with toxocariasis, this review will provide a comprehensive overview of toxocariasis, highlighting how One Health is essential to promoting effective and sustainable community-based control strategies. As a result of the parasite eggs’ high resistance to the environment in deprived communities and communities in which stray dogs and cats are present, toxocariasis is primarily a disease in children. According to previous studies, significant levels of soil contamination have been reported in various public areas, including parks, schools, and public restrooms, which indicates a potential danger to public health. Through the integration of One Health concepts, it is possible to evaluate the factors that influence the parasite transmission cycle at the level of the human society, livestock population, and natural habitat on an integrated basis, so that interventions, such as vaccinations for domestic animals, epidemiological surveys, and multi-level education can be carried out in an integrated fashion. Despite recent scientific advances, several challenges remain, including the lack of accurate epidemiological data in many regions of the world, difficulties associated with a definitive diagnosis, parasite resistance in the environment, limited attention to toxocariasis as a neglected disease, and insufficient resources allocated to its control.

弓形虫病是由弓形虫属线虫寄生虫，特别是犬弓形虫和猫弓形虫的幼虫在人体内迁移引起的一种重要的人畜共患疾病。弓形虫病与全球传播和多种临床并发症有关，包括内脏、眼部和神经系统的幼虫迁徙综合征，因此被认为是一个主要的全球卫生问题。本文将从流行病学、病理生理学、诊断、治疗、预防和与弓形虫病相关的挑战的角度，对弓形虫病进行全面概述，强调“同一个健康”对于促进有效和可持续的社区控制战略至关重要。由于弓形虫卵对贫困社区和有流浪狗和猫的社区的环境具有高度抵抗力，弓形虫病主要是儿童疾病。根据以前的研究，在公园、学校和公共厕所等各种公共场所都报告了严重的土壤污染，这表明对公众健康存在潜在危险。通过“同一个健康”理念的整合，可以综合评价人类社会、牲畜种群和自然栖息地层面影响寄生虫传播周期的因素，从而综合开展家畜疫苗接种、流行病学调查和多层次教育等干预措施。尽管最近取得了科学进展，但仍存在一些挑战，包括世界许多地区缺乏准确的流行病学数据，难以作出明确诊断，环境中存在寄生虫耐药性，对弓形虫病作为一种被忽视疾病的关注有限，以及用于控制弓形虫病的资源不足。

{"title":"Toxocariasis as an emerging public health challenge: an update on One Health future and challenges","authors":"Soheil Sadr, Hassan Borji","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2026.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2026.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxocariasis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the migration of larvae of nematode parasites of the genus <em>Toxocara</em>, especially <em>Toxocara canis</em> and <em>Toxocara cati</em>, in the human body. Toxocariasis is associated with global spread and multiple clinical complications, including visceral, ocular, and neurological larval migratory syndrome, and has, therefore, been considered a major global health concern. From the perspective of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and challenges associated with toxocariasis, this review will provide a comprehensive overview of toxocariasis, highlighting how One Health is essential to promoting effective and sustainable community-based control strategies. As a result of the parasite eggs’ high resistance to the environment in deprived communities and communities in which stray dogs and cats are present, toxocariasis is primarily a disease in children. According to previous studies, significant levels of soil contamination have been reported in various public areas, including parks, schools, and public restrooms, which indicates a potential danger to public health. Through the integration of One Health concepts, it is possible to evaluate the factors that influence the parasite transmission cycle at the level of the human society, livestock population, and natural habitat on an integrated basis, so that interventions, such as vaccinations for domestic animals, epidemiological surveys, and multi-level education can be carried out in an integrated fashion. Despite recent scientific advances, several challenges remain, including the lack of accurate epidemiological data in many regions of the world, difficulties associated with a definitive diagnosis, parasite resistance in the environment, limited attention to toxocariasis as a neglected disease, and insufficient resources allocated to its control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infections in mammals: patterns, predictions, and implications for human epidemics 哺乳动物中的高致病性禽流感病毒感染：模式、预测和对人类流行病的影响

IJID One Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2026.100104

Steven A. Baranowitz , Preeti Choubey , Wenyu Wu , Arnav Choubey

The continuing spread of avian influenza virus through the animal kingdom, particularly, in mammals, represents an imminent worldwide threat with the potential to mutate into a significant human pandemic. We recognized the need for tools to quantitatively describe and predict the courses of sequential individual waves of infection in mammals to facilitate future allocation of resources for combating the spread. Using public data from the US Department of Agriculture for about a 2-year period, we showed that the Gompertz equation is an effective tool for describing each of the three epidemic waves during that period. The nature of these regression equations is that early data can be used to predict the number of future cases, time course, and inflection point of individual waves. In comparing the parameters of the resulting regressions, we noticed that the waves became more exponential in character and less sigmoidal (less tendency to level off) as they progressed in time.

禽流感病毒在动物界，特别是在哺乳动物中持续传播，构成了一种迫在眉睫的全球威胁，有可能变异为一场重大的人类大流行。我们认识到需要工具来定量描述和预测哺乳动物中连续个体感染波的过程，以促进未来分配资源以对抗传播。利用美国农业部大约2年的公开数据，我们发现Gompertz方程是描述该时期三次流行病浪潮中的每一次的有效工具。这些回归方程的本质是早期数据可以用来预测未来病例的数量、时间过程和单个波浪的拐点。在比较结果回归的参数时，我们注意到随着时间的推移，波的特征变得更加指数式，而不是s型（趋于平稳的趋势更小）。

引用次数: 0

Heterogeneity in malaria transmission dynamics across eco-climatic facies in Manjo and Manengoteng, Cameroon 喀麦隆Manjo和Manengoteng生态气候相间疟疾传播动态的异质性

IJID One Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2026.100103

Rolyne Sorelle Wakam Noubou , Jean Arthur Mbida Mbida , Herman Parfait Awono-Ambene , Ornella Carole Ghariegam , Rachel Ngaha , Francis Noël Nopowo Takap , Odette Etoile Ngo-Hondt , Serge Romeo Mbongue , Idriss Nasser Ngangue Siewe , Diane Leslie Nkahe , Paulette Ndjeunia Mbiakop , Loick Pradel Kojom Foko , Fru Chi Tchampo , Steve Joko , Wolfgang Ekoko , Borel Djiappi Tchamen , Carmene Sandra Ngandeu , Arnold Princewil Chi Nji , Helene Gaëlle Kaminsi Nenkam , Christelle Laura Lowe Toukam , Patrick Akono Ntonga

Objectives

Tailored vector control strategies require entomological insights specific to each ecological setting. In the borough of Manjo, such data are unavailable. Hence, this study aims to document entomologic data for this borough relating to the identity of vectors, their role in malaria transmission, and variation between different sites.

Methods

Mosquitoes were collected using the human landing catches method and they were identified using specific keys and polymerase chain reaction. Infectivity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Overall, 1766 mosquitoes belonging to five genera (Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Mansonia, and Erethmapodites) and five Anopheles species were collected. Anopheles represented 36.0% (n = 636) of these and Culex represented 58.1% (n = 1026). In Manengoteng, Anopheles funestus s.l. were more prevalent (60.3%), followed by Anopheles gambiae s.l. (24.5%), and showed more exophilic behavior. In Manjo, Culex quinquefasciatus (94.4%), which is more endophilic, was most abundant, followed by Anopheles gambiae s.l. (2.2%). A high density of Anopheles was registered during the rainy season (79.87%). Malaria was only transmitted during this season by Anopheles gambiae s.s. (entomological inoculation rate [EIR] = 0.05 ib/p/n), Anopheles funestus s.s. (EIR = 0.02 ib/p/n) at Manengoteng, and Anopheles coluzzii (EIR= 0.02 ib/p/n) at Manjo.

Conclusions

High species diversity is driving persistent transmission despite widespread use of long-lasting insecticidal nets.

目的定制媒介控制策略需要针对每种生态环境的昆虫学见解。在Manjo区，没有这样的数据。因此，本研究旨在记录该地区的昆虫学数据，这些数据与媒介的身份、它们在疟疾传播中的作用以及不同地点之间的差异有关。方法采用人落捕法采集蚊虫，采用特异性键和聚合酶链反应进行鉴定。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定感染能力。结果共捕获按蚊、库蚊、伊蚊、曼蚊和伊蚊5属1766只，按蚊5种。按蚊占36.0% (n = 636)，库蚊占58.1% （n = 1026）。Manengoteng以富氏按蚊（60.3%）、冈比亚按蚊（24.5%）居多，表现出较强的外生境行为。Manjo区以嗜内生的致倦库蚊（94.4%）最多，其次是冈比亚按蚊（2.2%）。雨季按蚊密度最高（79.87%）；本季节仅冈比亚按蚊（昆虫学接种率[EIR] = 0.05 ib/p/n）、马南戈滕地区的funestus按蚊（EIR= 0.02 ib/p/n）和曼乔地区的coluzzii按蚊（EIR= 0.02 ib/p/n）传播疟疾。结论尽管广泛使用长效驱虫蚊帐，但物种多样性高仍是持续传播的主要原因。

{"title":"Heterogeneity in malaria transmission dynamics across eco-climatic facies in Manjo and Manengoteng, Cameroon","authors":"Rolyne Sorelle Wakam Noubou , Jean Arthur Mbida Mbida , Herman Parfait Awono-Ambene , Ornella Carole Ghariegam , Rachel Ngaha , Francis Noël Nopowo Takap , Odette Etoile Ngo-Hondt , Serge Romeo Mbongue , Idriss Nasser Ngangue Siewe , Diane Leslie Nkahe , Paulette Ndjeunia Mbiakop , Loick Pradel Kojom Foko , Fru Chi Tchampo , Steve Joko , Wolfgang Ekoko , Borel Djiappi Tchamen , Carmene Sandra Ngandeu , Arnold Princewil Chi Nji , Helene Gaëlle Kaminsi Nenkam , Christelle Laura Lowe Toukam , Patrick Akono Ntonga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2026.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2026.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Tailored vector control strategies require entomological insights specific to each ecological setting. In the borough of Manjo, such data are unavailable. Hence, this study aims to document entomologic data for this borough relating to the identity of vectors, their role in malaria transmission, and variation between different sites.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mosquitoes were collected using the human landing catches method and they were identified using specific keys and polymerase chain reaction. Infectivity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 1766 mosquitoes belonging to five genera (<em>Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Mansonia,</em> and <em>Erethmapodites</em>) and five <em>Anopheles</em> species were collected. <em>Anopheles</em> represented 36.0% (n = 636) of these and <em>Culex</em> represented 58.1% (n = 1026)<em>.</em> In Manengoteng, <em>Anopheles funestus</em> s.l. were more prevalent (60.3%), followed by <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> s.l. (24.5%), and showed more exophilic behavior. In Manjo, <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> (94.4%), which is more endophilic, was most abundant, followed by <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> s.l. (2.2%). A high density of <em>Anopheles</em> was registered during the rainy season (79.87%). Malaria was only transmitted during this season by <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> s.s. (entomological inoculation rate [EIR] = 0.05 ib/p/n), <em>Anopheles funestus</em> s.s. (EIR = 0.02 ib/p/n) at Manengoteng, and <em>Anopheles coluzzii</em> (EIR= 0.02 ib/p/n) at Manjo.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High species diversity is driving persistent transmission despite widespread use of long-lasting insecticidal nets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of risk factors associated with Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Sarawak, Malaysia 马来西亚沙捞越州诺氏疟原虫感染相关危险因素评估

IJID One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100102

Anfal Abdelgadir , Jane K. Fieldhouse , Teck-Hock Toh , Emily S. Bailey , Jakie Ting , Tiing-Tiing Chua , Kamilah Dahian , Jeffrey Soon-Yit Lee , King-Ching Hii , Awang Emir Naim , Karen Mei Er Lim , Pravind A.L. Narayanan , Eng-Seng Tiew , Mohd Raili Suhaili , Gregory C. Gray

Objectives

Human cases of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria have significantly increased in recent years, especially in Malaysia. Understanding the risk factors associated with P. knowlesi infections is crucial for improving surveillance and developing effective control strategies. This study sought to identify key risk factors for infection with P. knowlesi in East Malaysia.

Methods

From June to August 2019, patients aged ≥7 years with suspected malaria were enrolled at Sibu, Kapit, and Sarikei Hospitals in Sarawak, Malaysia. Blood samples were screened using microscopy and nested polymerase chain reaction to confirm P. knowlesi infection. Demographics, occupation, work environment, medical history, and exposure to animals data were collected through structured questionnaires.

Results

Of the 115 patients, 52 (45.2 %) tested positive for P. knowlesi. Patients from Kapit Hospital, a rural area, had twice the odds of testing positive compared to those from urban hospitals. Male gender and living near vegetation, such as plantations, forests, or rice paddies, were also significantly associated with infection.

Conclusions

These findings document a high prevalence of P. knowlesi in Sarawak and highlight the need for One Health approaches to control this zoonotic disease, focusing on education, mosquito control, and reducing contact with non-human primates.

目的近年来，人类感染诺氏疟原虫疟疾的病例显著增加，尤其是在马来西亚。了解与诺氏疟原虫感染相关的危险因素对于改善监测和制定有效的控制战略至关重要。本研究旨在确定东马来西亚诺氏疟原虫感染的关键危险因素。方法2019年6月至8月，在马来西亚沙捞越的西布、卡彼和沙利凯医院招募年龄≥7岁的疑似疟疾患者。使用显微镜和巢式聚合酶链反应对血样进行筛选，以确认诺氏疟原虫感染。通过结构化问卷收集人口统计、职业、工作环境、病史和动物接触数据。结果115例患者中，52例（45.2% %）检测出诺氏疟原虫阳性。来自农村地区Kapit医院的患者检测呈阳性的几率是来自城市医院的患者的两倍。男性和居住在植被附近，如种植园、森林或稻田，也与感染显著相关。结论这些发现证明了诺氏疟原虫在沙劳越的高流行率，并强调需要采取“同一个健康”方法来控制这种人畜共患疾病，重点是教育、蚊虫控制和减少与非人类灵长类动物的接触。

{"title":"Assessment of risk factors associated with Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Sarawak, Malaysia","authors":"Anfal Abdelgadir , Jane K. Fieldhouse , Teck-Hock Toh , Emily S. Bailey , Jakie Ting , Tiing-Tiing Chua , Kamilah Dahian , Jeffrey Soon-Yit Lee , King-Ching Hii , Awang Emir Naim , Karen Mei Er Lim , Pravind A.L. Narayanan , Eng-Seng Tiew , Mohd Raili Suhaili , Gregory C. Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Human cases of <em>Plasmodium knowlesi</em> malaria have significantly increased in recent years, especially in Malaysia. Understanding the risk factors associated with <em>P. knowlesi</em> infections is crucial for improving surveillance and developing effective control strategies. This study sought to identify key risk factors for infection with <em>P. knowlesi</em> in East Malaysia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From June to August 2019, patients aged ≥7 years with suspected malaria were enrolled at Sibu, Kapit, and Sarikei Hospitals in Sarawak, Malaysia. Blood samples were screened using microscopy and nested polymerase chain reaction to confirm <em>P. knowlesi</em> infection. Demographics, occupation, work environment, medical history, and exposure to animals data were collected through structured questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 115 patients, 52 (45.2 %) tested positive for <em>P. knowlesi</em>. Patients from Kapit Hospital, a rural area, had twice the odds of testing positive compared to those from urban hospitals. Male gender and living near vegetation, such as plantations, forests, or rice paddies, were also significantly associated with infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings document a high prevalence of <em>P. knowlesi</em> in Sarawak and highlight the need for One Health approaches to control this zoonotic disease, focusing on education, mosquito control, and reducing contact with non-human primates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices of smallholder livestock farmers toward antimicrobial use, resistance, and sources in Bangladesh 评估孟加拉国小农养殖户对抗菌素使用、耐药性和来源的知识、态度和预防措施

IJID One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100101

Md. Abdur Nur Sakib , Probir Mitro , Fahmida Yesmin Oishee , Prity Ranjan Talukdar , Zabed Mazumder , Raisa Islam , Sumayae Binta Khaiat , Md. Zahid Hossain , Md. Mukter Hossain

Objectives

This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices (KAP) among smallholder livestock farmers toward antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured, closed-ended questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. A total 390 farmers were randomly selected from five purposively chosen districts. Descriptive statistics, Multivariate logistic regression, and Spearman’s rank correlation analyses were performed.

Results

The survey revealed significant gaps in knowledge and practices related to AMU and AMR, with only 17 % of respondents demonstrating adequate knowledge and 31 % adhering to appropriate practices, despite a high proportion (88 %) expressing positive attitude. Multivariable analysis indicated that farmers who had training on AMU and AMR were more likely better knowledge (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 6.00; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.99–12.30), attitude (AOR = 1.81; 95 % CI: 0.57–7.18), and practices (AOR = 2.46; 95 % CI: 1.27–4.80) compared to those without training. Although 44 % farmers reported obtaining antimicrobials through registered medical practitioners, whereas 19 % adhered to the recommended guidelines for AMU.

Conclusions

The findings of this study will inform targeted educational and training interventions for farmers, aiming to curb the indiscriminate and inappropriate use of antimicrobials, thereby contributing to a reduction in the risk of AMR development.

目的本研究旨在评估小农养殖户对抗菌药物使用（AMU）和耐药性（AMR）的知识、态度和预防措施（KAP）。方法采用面对面访谈的方式，采用结构化、封闭式问卷进行横断面调查。共有390名农民从五个有目的选择的地区随机抽取。进行描述性统计、多元逻辑回归和Spearman秩相关分析。结果调查显示，与AMU和AMR相关的知识和实践存在显著差距，尽管有很高比例（88 %）的受访者表示积极态度，但只有17% %的受访者表示有足够的知识，31% %的受访者坚持适当的实践。多变量分析表明，与未接受培训的农民相比，接受过AMU和AMR培训的农民更有可能拥有更好的知识（调整奇比[AOR] = 6.00； 95 %置信区间[CI]: 2.99-12.30）、态度（AOR = 1.81; 95 % CI: 0.57-7.18）和实践（AOR = 2.46; 95 % CI: 1.27-4.80）。虽然44% %的农民报告通过注册医生获得抗微生物药物，而19% %的农民遵守了推荐的抗微生物药物使用指南。结论本研究结果将为农民提供有针对性的教育和培训干预措施，旨在遏制滥用和不适当使用抗菌素，从而有助于降低抗菌素耐药性发展的风险。

{"title":"Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices of smallholder livestock farmers toward antimicrobial use, resistance, and sources in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Abdur Nur Sakib , Probir Mitro , Fahmida Yesmin Oishee , Prity Ranjan Talukdar , Zabed Mazumder , Raisa Islam , Sumayae Binta Khaiat , Md. Zahid Hossain , Md. Mukter Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices (KAP) among smallholder livestock farmers toward antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured, closed-ended questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. A total 390 farmers were randomly selected from five purposively chosen districts. Descriptive statistics, Multivariate logistic regression, and Spearman’s rank correlation analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The survey revealed significant gaps in knowledge and practices related to AMU and AMR, with only 17 % of respondents demonstrating adequate knowledge and 31 % adhering to appropriate practices, despite a high proportion (88 %) expressing positive attitude. Multivariable analysis indicated that farmers who had training on AMU and AMR were more likely better knowledge (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 6.00; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.99–12.30), attitude (AOR = 1.81; 95 % CI: 0.57–7.18), and practices (AOR = 2.46; 95 % CI: 1.27–4.80) compared to those without training. Although 44 % farmers reported obtaining antimicrobials through registered medical practitioners, whereas 19 % adhered to the recommended guidelines for AMU.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings of this study will inform targeted educational and training interventions for farmers, aiming to curb the indiscriminate and inappropriate use of antimicrobials, thereby contributing to a reduction in the risk of AMR development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative epidemiological analysis of the 2023 and 2025 Marburg virus disease outbreaks in Kagera Region, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚卡格拉地区2023年和2025年马尔堡病毒病暴发的比较流行病学分析

IJID One Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100094

Sima Rugarabamu , Baraka L. Ngingo , Elison E. Kemibala , Gaspary Mwanyika

Objectives

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe zoonotic hemorrhagic fever with high case fatality rates (CFR). Tanzania's Kagera Region experienced MVD outbreaks in 2023 and 2025, offering critical insights into evolving epidemiological trends and the effectiveness of response strategies. This study compares these outbreaks to inform future preparedness.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of official situation reports from the Tanzanian Ministry of Health, the World Health Organization (WHO), and other health authorities. Data on sociodemographic, CFR, transmission dynamics, response metrics (alerts, samples, contacts), and response timelines were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and t tests. The time-varying reproduction number (Re) was estimated using the EpiEstim R package.

Results

The 2025 outbreak had a significantly higher CFR (100 %) compared to 2023 (66.7 %) (P <0.05). Demographic shifts included a decrease in median age from 35 to 30 years and a reversal in sex distribution, with women more affected in 2025 (70 %) vs men in 2023 (66.7 %) (P = 0.03). The outbreak epicenter shifted from Bukoba to Biharamulo district. While the scale of response increased dramatically in 2025 (alerts: 131 to 1218; samples tested: 78 to 202), the initial response was delayed, with a longer interval from symptom onset to outbreak declaration (37 days in 2025 vs 10 days in 2023) and initial diagnostic confusion. Mean Re was <1 throughout the 2023 outbreak but exceeded 1 mid-epidemic in 2025.

Conclusions

The 2025 outbreak was characterized by increased lethality and distinct demographic shifts. The response demonstrated a significant scale-up in surveillance and international coordination. However, critical challenges in early detection, diagnostic confirmation, and the efficiency of converting alerts into traced contacts highlight the need for a balanced strategy that couples technological innovation with fundamental strengthening of health system core functions.

目的马尔堡病毒病（MVD）是一种病死率高的严重人畜共患出血热。坦桑尼亚卡盖拉地区在2023年和2025年经历了MVD暴发，为了解流行病学趋势的演变和应对战略的有效性提供了重要见解。这项研究比较了这些疫情，以便为未来的防范提供信息。方法对坦桑尼亚卫生部、世界卫生组织（WHO）和其他卫生当局的官方情况报告进行回顾性分析。使用描述性统计、卡方检验和t检验分析社会人口统计学、病死率、传播动态、响应指标（警报、样本、接触者）和响应时间线的数据。利用EpiEstim R软件包估计时变繁殖数（Re）。结果2025年爆发的CFR（100 %）显著高于2023年（66.7 %）（P <0.05）。人口变化包括中位年龄从35岁降至30岁，性别分布发生逆转，2025年女性（70 %）比2023年男性（66.7 %）受影响更大（P = 0.03）。疫情中心从布科巴区转移到比哈拉穆洛区。虽然应对规模在2025年大幅增加（警报：131至1218；检测样本：78至202），但最初的应对措施有所延迟，从症状出现到宣布疫情的间隔时间较长（2025年为37天，而2023年为10天），而且最初的诊断混乱。在2023年疫情期间，平均Re为1，但在2025年疫情中期超过1。结论2025年疫情的特点是致死率增加，人口结构发生明显变化。这一反应表明在监测和国际协调方面已大大加强。然而，在早期发现、诊断确认和将警报转化为追踪接触者的效率方面面临的重大挑战突出表明，需要采取一种平衡的战略，将技术创新与从根本上加强卫生系统核心职能结合起来。

{"title":"Comparative epidemiological analysis of the 2023 and 2025 Marburg virus disease outbreaks in Kagera Region, Tanzania","authors":"Sima Rugarabamu , Baraka L. Ngingo , Elison E. Kemibala , Gaspary Mwanyika","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe zoonotic hemorrhagic fever with high case fatality rates (CFR). Tanzania's Kagera Region experienced MVD outbreaks in 2023 and 2025, offering critical insights into evolving epidemiological trends and the effectiveness of response strategies. This study compares these outbreaks to inform future preparedness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of official situation reports from the Tanzanian Ministry of Health, the World Health Organization (WHO), and other health authorities. Data on sociodemographic, CFR, transmission dynamics, response metrics (alerts, samples, contacts), and response timelines were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and <em>t</em> tests. The time-varying reproduction number (Re) was estimated using the EpiEstim R package.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 2025 outbreak had a significantly higher CFR (100 %) compared to 2023 (66.7 %) (<em>P</em> <0.05). Demographic shifts included a decrease in median age from 35 to 30 years and a reversal in sex distribution, with women more affected in 2025 (70 %) vs men in 2023 (66.7 %) (<em>P</em> = 0.03). The outbreak epicenter shifted from Bukoba to Biharamulo district. While the scale of response increased dramatically in 2025 (alerts: 131 to 1218; samples tested: 78 to 202), the initial response was delayed, with a longer interval from symptom onset to outbreak declaration (37 days in 2025 vs 10 days in 2023) and initial diagnostic confusion. Mean Re was <1 throughout the 2023 outbreak but exceeded 1 mid-epidemic in 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The 2025 outbreak was characterized by increased lethality and distinct demographic shifts. The response demonstrated a significant scale-up in surveillance and international coordination. However, critical challenges in early detection, diagnostic confirmation, and the efficiency of converting alerts into traced contacts highlight the need for a balanced strategy that couples technological innovation with fundamental strengthening of health system core functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Melioidosis in humans and animals: a One Health perspective 人类和动物的类鼻疽：同一个健康的观点

IJID One Health

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100092

Bart J. Currie

Melioidosis occurs in both humans and animals following exposure to and infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei in environmental soil and water. However, it should not be seen as a zoonosis, as transmission from animals to humans is exceptionally rare, as is transmission from person to person. In humans, melioidosis and severe disease are usually seen in people with clinical risk factors, most notably diabetes. Similarly, for animals, melioidosis is rarely seen in healthy species native to endemic regions, presumably reflecting co-evolution with B. pseudomallei over millennia. On the other hand, there is differential susceptibility among farm and grazing animals of non-tropical origins. Sheep, alpacas, and camels are especially susceptible, while with good animal husbandry, goats and pigs are farmed in some melioidosis-endemic regions. Melioidosis is seen in companion animals such as dogs and cats, mostly those in poor health. Melioidosis outbreaks have occurred in exotic animals imported into zoos in tropical cities, with tragic consequences for some iconic, critically endangered primate species. The clinical and pathological features seen in animals with melioidosis from natural exposure have been very informative for understanding the spectrum of disease in humans, including different clinical patterns reflecting whether the mode of infection was inhalational, percutaneous, or from ingestion of B. pseudomallei. There is a rapidly expanding global footprint of melioidosis, reflecting both unmasking of endemic disease with improved diagnostics and evolving spread of B. pseudomallei to new receptive locations, attributed to anthropogenic factors. In addition, case numbers in endemic regions have been on the rise and will likely continue to rise because of the triad of increasing numbers of people living with diabetes, environmental disturbance from construction activities with increasing urbanization, and climate change. It is hoped that over the next decade, the global map of the biogeographical boundaries of B. pseudomallei in the environment will be much further refined, enabling targeted support for the specific diagnostics and therapeutics required to minimize mortality from melioidosis.

人类和动物在接触和感染环境土壤和水中的假玛利伯克氏菌后都会发生类鼻疽病。然而，不应将其视为人畜共患病，因为从动物到人的传播极为罕见，人与人之间的传播也极为罕见。在人类中，类鼻疽症和严重疾病通常见于具有临床危险因素的人群，最明显的是糖尿病患者。同样，对于动物来说，类鼻疽病在流行地区的原生健康物种中很少见到，这可能反映了数千年来与假芽孢杆菌的共同进化。另一方面，在非热带来源的农场和放牧动物之间存在不同的易感性。绵羊、羊驼和骆驼特别容易感染，而在一些类鼻疽流行地区，如果畜牧业良好，山羊和猪也会被饲养。类鼻疽病见于伴侣动物，如狗和猫，主要是健康状况不佳的动物。在热带城市的动物园进口的外来动物中发生了类鼻疽疫情，对一些标志性的、极度濒危的灵长类动物造成了悲剧性的后果。自然接触类鼻疽的动物的临床和病理特征为了解人类疾病谱系提供了非常有用的信息，包括反映感染模式是吸入性、经皮性还是摄入假假芽孢杆菌的不同临床模式。类鼻疽病的全球足迹正在迅速扩大，这既反映了地方病随着诊断方法的改进而暴露出来，也反映了由于人为因素，假假芽孢杆菌不断向新的易受感染地区传播。此外，流行地区的病例数一直在上升，并可能继续上升，原因是糖尿病患者人数不断增加、城市化进程中建筑活动造成的环境干扰以及气候变化。希望在接下来的十年中，假假芽孢杆菌在环境中的生物地理边界的全球地图将进一步完善，从而能够有针对性地支持所需的特定诊断和治疗，以尽量减少类鼻疽的死亡率。

{"title":"Melioidosis in humans and animals: a One Health perspective","authors":"Bart J. Currie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melioidosis occurs in both humans and animals following exposure to and infection with <em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em> in environmental soil and water. However, it should not be seen as a zoonosis, as transmission from animals to humans is exceptionally rare, as is transmission from person to person. In humans, melioidosis and severe disease are usually seen in people with clinical risk factors, most notably diabetes. Similarly, for animals, melioidosis is rarely seen in healthy species native to endemic regions, presumably reflecting co-evolution with <em>B. pseudomallei</em> over millennia. On the other hand, there is differential susceptibility among farm and grazing animals of non-tropical origins. Sheep, alpacas, and camels are especially susceptible, while with good animal husbandry, goats and pigs are farmed in some melioidosis-endemic regions. Melioidosis is seen in companion animals such as dogs and cats, mostly those in poor health. Melioidosis outbreaks have occurred in exotic animals imported into zoos in tropical cities, with tragic consequences for some iconic, critically endangered primate species. The clinical and pathological features seen in animals with melioidosis from natural exposure have been very informative for understanding the spectrum of disease in humans, including different clinical patterns reflecting whether the mode of infection was inhalational, percutaneous, or from ingestion of <em>B. pseudomallei</em>. There is a rapidly expanding global footprint of melioidosis, reflecting both unmasking of endemic disease with improved diagnostics and evolving spread of <em>B. pseudomallei</em> to new receptive locations, attributed to anthropogenic factors. In addition, case numbers in endemic regions have been on the rise and will likely continue to rise because of the triad of increasing numbers of people living with diabetes, environmental disturbance from construction activities with increasing urbanization, and climate change. It is hoped that over the next decade, the global map of the biogeographical boundaries of <em>B. pseudomallei</em> in the environment will be much further refined, enabling targeted support for the specific diagnostics and therapeutics required to minimize mortality from melioidosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case report: Brucella canis infection in a resident of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa 病例报告：南非东开普省一居民犬布鲁氏菌感染

IJID One Health

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100091

Colleen Bamford , John Frean , Kim Hoek , Nontuthuzelo Lufundo , Neoyame Sekhoto , Kerry Stolsie , Jennifer Rossouw

Brucella canis was isolated from the blood of a febrile adolescent male living in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The apparent risk factor for acquiring the infection was ownership of dogs used for hunting small animals. The pathogen was identified to genus level by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, followed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction, and confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. The multilocus sequence type matched that of previous isolates from dogs in South Africa. The patient responded well to appropriate treatment. Although canine brucellosis is already known by veterinary services to be present in the Eastern Cape Province, we believe that this is the first laboratory-confirmed human case to be recognized in South Africa and serves as an alert to clinicians and public health services.

从生活在南非东开普省的一名发热青少年男性的血液中分离出犬布鲁氏菌。获得感染的明显危险因素是拥有用于狩猎小动物的狗。通过基质辅助激光解吸/电离鉴定病原菌属，然后进行种特异性聚合酶链反应，并通过全基因组测序进行鉴定。该多位点序列类型与先前从南非犬中分离的菌株相匹配。病人对适当的治疗反应良好。虽然兽医部门已经知道东开普省存在犬布鲁氏菌病，但我们认为这是南非确认的第一例实验室确诊人间病例，并可向临床医生和公共卫生服务部门发出警告。

引用次数: 0

Erratum to “Visual dysfunction and sudden onset symptoms leading to early detection of tick-borne infections: A case report” [IJID One Health 4 (2024) 100036] “视觉功能障碍和突发性症状导致蜱传感染的早期发现：1例报告”的勘误[j] . One Health 4 (2024) 100036]

IJID One Health

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100090

Ayra I. Sayyed , William V. Padula

引用次数: 0

Eradicating infectious disease: Can we and should we: A critical examination 根除传染病：我们能做和应该做：一个关键的检查

IJID One Health

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100088

Emily P. Mitchell , Sunil-Chandra Narapity Pathirannehalage

To highlight the possible consequences of eradicating disease, relevant literature on the intended and unintended consequences of disease eradication was reviewed. Though resource-intensive, eradication is often more cost-effective than long-term control. Global health leaders pursue eradication when the benefits promise lasting public health gains and transformative impact, as in the case of smallpox, guinea worm, and rinderpest. Competitive release, where other pathogens with similar transmission modes or tissue tropism expand into the vacated niche, is discussed. One underlying principle of the One Health approach to understanding emerging infectious diseases is that human, animal, and environmental health are driven by a complex interplay of ecological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors. The law of unintended consequences means that whenever humans alter one factor, a completely unexpected event may occur. This complexity should be kept in mind in the formulation of any disease eradication or control program.

为了强调消灭疾病可能产生的后果，对有关消灭疾病的预期和非预期后果的文献进行了审查。虽然资源密集，但根除往往比长期控制更具成本效益。当这些益处有望带来持久的公共卫生收益和变革性影响时，全球卫生领导人就会追求根除，例如天花、麦地那龙线虫和牛瘟。竞争性释放，其中其他病原体具有类似的传播模式或组织趋向性扩展到空出的生态位，进行了讨论。理解新发传染病的“同一个健康”方法的一个基本原则是，人类、动物和环境健康是由生态、行为和社会经济因素的复杂相互作用驱动的。意外后果定律意味着，只要人类改变了一个因素，就可能发生完全意想不到的事件。在制定任何疾病根除或控制计划时都应牢记这种复杂性。

引用次数: 0