Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming bacterium that can infect both animals and humans. As a part of the One Health approach to eliminate human anthrax in an endemic district in Odisha, India. This baseline survey investigates knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding anthrax and identifies risky behavior prior to intervention implementation.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 3132 respondents (1560 from Koraput and 1572 from Sundargarh) by using a multistage random sampling method. Data were gathered through structured interviews focusing on socio-demographics, livestock ownership, and KAP related to anthrax prevention and management. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with anthrax knowledge.
Results
Significant knowledge gaps were identified, with only 12.14 % of respondents in Koraput and 7.96 % in Sundargarh aware of anthrax. Knowledge of symptoms, transmission, and prevention was low across both districts. Misconceptions regarding vaccination were prevalent, and risky practices, such as consuming potentially infected meat, were common. Regression analysis indicated that education and age are significant predictors of anthrax knowledge.
Conclusions
The study identifies critical knowledge gaps and risky practices related to anthrax in the Sundargarh and Koraput districts. Targeted educational campaigns and enhanced veterinary services are needed to mitigate anthrax risk and improve public health based on the One Health approach.
{"title":"Exploring anthrax risk and prevention: A One Health approach for assessment of human, animal, and environmental interactions","authors":"Hari Ram Choudhary , Anukampa Senapati , Matrujyoti Pattnaik , Amiya Ranjan Mohanta , Debaprasad Parai , Sandhya Rani Jena , Biren Kumar Padhy , Partha Sarathi Patra , Arun Kumar Padhi , Swati Pattnaik , Santosh Kumar Panigrahi , Kishore Chandra Behera , Susmita Kumari Sahu , Y Selvamani , Alex Joseph , Tanveer Rehman , Sanghamitra Pati , Debdutta Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by <em>Bacillus anthracis</em>, a spore-forming bacterium that can infect both animals and humans. As a part of the One Health approach to eliminate human anthrax in an endemic district in Odisha, India. This baseline survey investigates knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding anthrax and identifies risky behavior prior to intervention implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 3132 respondents (1560 from Koraput and 1572 from Sundargarh) by using a multistage random sampling method. Data were gathered through structured interviews focusing on socio-demographics, livestock ownership, and KAP related to anthrax prevention and management. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with anthrax knowledge.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant knowledge gaps were identified, with only 12.14 % of respondents in Koraput and 7.96 % in Sundargarh aware of anthrax. Knowledge of symptoms, transmission, and prevention was low across both districts. Misconceptions regarding vaccination were prevalent, and risky practices, such as consuming potentially infected meat, were common. Regression analysis indicated that education and age are significant predictors of anthrax knowledge.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study identifies critical knowledge gaps and risky practices related to anthrax in the Sundargarh and Koraput districts. Targeted educational campaigns and enhanced veterinary services are needed to mitigate anthrax risk and improve public health based on the One Health approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100059
Simeon Cadmus , Emmanuel Awosanya , Paul M. Iziomo , Samuel Owoicho , Stephenson B. Ojeifo , Judah Moyin-Jesu , Olalekan Taiwo , Eniola Cadmus , Danny Akhere Asogun , Oyewale Tomori
Objectives
Nigeria has the highest prevalence of Lassa fever (LF) in West Africa, with Edo State being a high-burden area. This study describes the epidemiology and management of LF in Edo State.
Methods
A desk analysis of LF cases from the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) records from January 2021 to November 2023 was conducted. The outcome variables were case outcome and severity, classified using the 2018 Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention LF guide. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted at α <0.05.
Results
Of the 10,432 suspected cases, 1296 (12.4 %) were confirmed, with 964 (74.4 %) occurring during the dry season. The median age was 26 (interquartile range 15–40) years, and 687 (53.0 %) were male. The location distribution pattern of the confirmed cases was clustered, with one-third (34.3 %) from Etsako West. Older age (adjusted odds ratio 2.2, 95 % confidence interval: 1.2–4.0) and more than five symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 9.5, 95 % confidence interval: 6.9–13.1) were associated with severe LF and increased odds of in-hospital death. Hospital presentation time was not associated with LF severity or outcomes. LF confirmation at ISTH was within 24 hours.
Conclusions
Older patients with more than five symptoms should be prioritized in LF management, and the ISTH-LF care algorithm is effective.
{"title":"Deciphering the dynamics of Lassa fever outbreak in Edo State, Nigeria: A 3-year study of the epidemiologic patterns, severity profiles, and clinical management","authors":"Simeon Cadmus , Emmanuel Awosanya , Paul M. Iziomo , Samuel Owoicho , Stephenson B. Ojeifo , Judah Moyin-Jesu , Olalekan Taiwo , Eniola Cadmus , Danny Akhere Asogun , Oyewale Tomori","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Nigeria has the highest prevalence of Lassa fever (LF) in West Africa, with Edo State being a high-burden area. This study describes the epidemiology and management of LF in Edo State.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A desk analysis of LF cases from the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) records from January 2021 to November 2023 was conducted. The outcome variables were case outcome and severity, classified using the 2018 Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention LF guide. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted at α <0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 10,432 suspected cases, 1296 (12.4 %) were confirmed, with 964 (74.4 %) occurring during the dry season. The median age was 26 (interquartile range 15–40) years, and 687 (53.0 %) were male. The location distribution pattern of the confirmed cases was clustered, with one-third (34.3 %) from Etsako West. Older age (adjusted odds ratio 2.2, 95 % confidence interval: 1.2–4.0) and more than five symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 9.5, 95 % confidence interval: 6.9–13.1) were associated with severe LF and increased odds of in-hospital death. Hospital presentation time was not associated with LF severity or outcomes. LF confirmation at ISTH was within 24 hours.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Older patients with more than five symptoms should be prioritized in LF management, and the ISTH-LF care algorithm is effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100057
Ximena A. Olarte-Castillo , Abigail B. Schlecht , Paul P. Calle , Gary R. Whittaker
Objectives
Alphacoronavirus-1 comprises a set of viruses that are highly recombinogenic, including feline coronavirus (FCoV) type 2 (FCoV-2), a recombinant genotype of FCoV type 1, and canine coronavirus type 2 (CCoV-2). To understand the origin of novel recombinant variants, it is crucial to identify hosts susceptible to multiple alphacoronaviruses. The receptor for FCoV-2 and CCoV-2 is aminopeptidase N (APN), with the APN of the domestic cat allowing entry of FCoV-2 and CCoV-2. However, natural infection with CCoV-2 has been reported exclusively in canids.
Methods
We investigated an outbreak of CCoV-2 in captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia). We assessed the genetic diversity of the APN of five wild Asian felid species to evaluate their susceptibility to CCoV-2 and FCoV-2.
Results
The whole genome of CCoV-2 was sequenced from the feces of the snow leopards. It is closely related to pathogenic variants reported in domestic dogs in the United States and Europe. The APN of the wild felids is highly similar to the APN of the domestic cat.
Conclusions
This study provides the first genetic evidence of CCoV-2 infection in a felid and predicts that wild felids may be susceptible to FCoV-2 and CCoV-2. Therefore, felids may play a central role in the emergence of recombinant alphacoronavirus.
{"title":"An outbreak of canine coronavirus type 2 in captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) demonstrates a possible role for felids as mixing vessels for alphacoronaviruses","authors":"Ximena A. Olarte-Castillo , Abigail B. Schlecht , Paul P. Calle , Gary R. Whittaker","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>Alphacoronavirus-1</em> comprises a set of viruses that are highly recombinogenic, including feline coronavirus (FCoV) type 2 (FCoV-2), a recombinant genotype of FCoV type 1, and canine coronavirus type 2 (CCoV-2). To understand the origin of novel recombinant variants, it is crucial to identify hosts susceptible to multiple alphacoronaviruses. The receptor for FCoV-2 and CCoV-2 is aminopeptidase N (APN), with the APN of the domestic cat allowing entry of FCoV-2 and CCoV-2. However, natural infection with CCoV-2 has been reported exclusively in canids.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We investigated an outbreak of CCoV-2 in captive snow leopards (<em>Panthera uncia</em>). We assessed the genetic diversity of the APN of five wild Asian felid species to evaluate their susceptibility to CCoV-2 and FCoV-2.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The whole genome of CCoV-2 was sequenced from the feces of the snow leopards. It is closely related to pathogenic variants reported in domestic dogs in the United States and Europe. The APN of the wild felids is highly similar to the APN of the domestic cat.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides the first genetic evidence of CCoV-2 infection in a felid and predicts that wild felids may be susceptible to FCoV-2 and CCoV-2. Therefore, felids may play a central role in the emergence of recombinant alphacoronavirus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/S2949-9151(25)00010-1
{"title":"Reviewer Thank You List, 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2949-9151(25)00010-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2949-9151(25)00010-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100056
Vincent Rusanganwa , Brenda Bainda , Yong-Dae Gwon , Maud Mutsaers , Aron Sasu , Eric Seruyange , Sanctus Musafiri , Olivia Wesula Lwande , Magnus Evander
Objectives
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global public health concern owing to its widespread distribution, significant morbidity, and potentially severe outcomes. Although not yet reported in Rwanda, this study aimed to explore the DENV seroprevalence in selected health facilities.
Methods
Serum samples from 2286 patients who visited 11 health facilities nationwide were investigated for DENV and Zika virus immunoglobulin G. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictors.
Results
The DENV seroprevalence was 30.4 %, but Zika virus immunoglobulin G was not detected. Participants’ mean age was 40.5 ± 16.3 years; 62.2 % were females and 37.8 % were males. In total, 85.8 % were farmers, 4.7 % were office workers, and 3 % were vocational professionals. Farmers had a higher risk of past DENV infections than other professionals. No significant differences in past infections were observed between sexes or age groups.
Conclusions
These findings indicate past DENV infections in Rwanda, highlighting the need for DENV surveillance and enhanced diagnostic capacity. Strengthening these efforts will help prevent infectious diseases, reduce unnecessary treatments, and mitigate the risk of antimicrobial resistance.
{"title":"Evidence of dengue virus exposure and associated risk factors in Rwanda","authors":"Vincent Rusanganwa , Brenda Bainda , Yong-Dae Gwon , Maud Mutsaers , Aron Sasu , Eric Seruyange , Sanctus Musafiri , Olivia Wesula Lwande , Magnus Evander","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Dengue virus (DENV) is a global public health concern owing to its widespread distribution, significant morbidity, and potentially severe outcomes. Although not yet reported in Rwanda, this study aimed to explore the DENV seroprevalence in selected health facilities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Serum samples from 2286 patients who visited 11 health facilities nationwide were investigated for DENV and Zika virus immunoglobulin G. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The DENV seroprevalence was 30.4 %, but Zika virus immunoglobulin G was not detected. Participants’ mean age was 40.5 ± 16.3 years; 62.2 % were females and 37.8 % were males. In total, 85.8 % were farmers, 4.7 % were office workers, and 3 % were vocational professionals. Farmers had a higher risk of past DENV infections than other professionals. No significant differences in past infections were observed between sexes or age groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings indicate past DENV infections in Rwanda, highlighting the need for DENV surveillance and enhanced diagnostic capacity. Strengthening these efforts will help prevent infectious diseases, reduce unnecessary treatments, and mitigate the risk of antimicrobial resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100058
Ebrahim Abbasi
The global expansion of Aedes mosquitoes, particularly, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, has significantly contributed to the transboundary spread of arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. This systematic review, conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, aimed to investigate the ecological, environmental, and socioeconomic factors driving the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes and their role in arboviral disease transmission. Relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, with a focus on the geographic distribution, behavioral characteristics, and transmission dynamics of Aedes species. This research has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO), with the code CRD42021231605. The results revealed that climate change, globalization, urbanization, and human mobility are key drivers of the global spread of Aedes mosquitoes. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns have facilitated their expansion into temperate regions, whereas urbanization has created ideal breeding environments. In addition, globalization and international travel have accelerated the introduction of arboviruses into non-endemic areas. This review highlights that effective vector control necessitates climate-resilient strategies, stronger international collaboration, and innovative interventions, including Wolbachia-based and genetically modified mosquitoes. Addressing the complex challenges posed by Aedes-borne arboviruses is critical for mitigating their global health impact.
伊蚊，特别是埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的全球扩张，极大地促进了登革热、寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅热和黄热病等虫媒病毒性疾病的跨界传播。本系统综述按照系统综述和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目进行，旨在调查导致伊蚊繁殖的生态、环境和社会经济因素及其在虫媒病毒疾病传播中的作用。通过综合检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Embase等数据库，对伊蚊种群的地理分布、行为特征和传播动态等方面进行研究。本研究已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册（PROSPERO）中注册，代码为CRD42021231605。结果表明，气候变化、全球化、城市化和人类流动性是伊蚊全球传播的主要驱动因素。气温上升和降水模式的改变促进了它们向温带地区的扩张，而城市化则创造了理想的繁殖环境。此外，全球化和国际旅行加速了虫媒病毒传入非流行地区。这篇综述强调，有效的病媒控制需要具有气候适应性的战略、更强有力的国际合作和创新的干预措施，包括沃尔巴克氏体蚊子和转基因蚊子。应对伊蚊传播的虫媒病毒带来的复杂挑战对于减轻其对全球健康的影响至关重要。
{"title":"Global expansion of Aedes mosquitoes and their role in the transboundary spread of emerging arboviral diseases: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ebrahim Abbasi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global expansion of <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes, particularly, <em>Aedes aegypti</em> and <em>Aedes albopictus</em>, has significantly contributed to the transboundary spread of arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. This systematic review, conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, aimed to investigate the ecological, environmental, and socioeconomic factors driving the proliferation of <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes and their role in arboviral disease transmission. Relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, with a focus on the geographic distribution, behavioral characteristics, and transmission dynamics of <em>Aedes</em> species. This research has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO), with the code CRD42021231605. The results revealed that climate change, globalization, urbanization, and human mobility are key drivers of the global spread of <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes. Rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns have facilitated their expansion into temperate regions, whereas urbanization has created ideal breeding environments. In addition, globalization and international travel have accelerated the introduction of arboviruses into non-endemic areas. This review highlights that effective vector control necessitates climate-resilient strategies, stronger international collaboration, and innovative interventions, including Wolbachia-based and genetically modified mosquitoes. Addressing the complex challenges posed by <em>Aedes</em>-borne arboviruses is critical for mitigating their global health impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100055
Sandul Yasobant , Ravina Tadvi , Deepak B. Saxena
Background
The One Health approach, emphasizing collaboration across human, animal, and environmental health sectors, is recognized as crucial for mitigating zoonotic disease risks. Despite existing human and animal health surveillance systems, operational integration and effective coordination remain challenges. However, the potential for enhancing integrated disease control efforts is promising. Establishing inter-sectoral collaboration is essential for generating early warning signals, conducting joint investigations, and mounting coordinated responses to outbreaks.
Objective
This study aimed to investigate sectoral collaborations within Gujarat's (Western Indian state) disease surveillance system, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities for enhancing integrated disease control efforts from the One Health perspective.
Methods
This qualitative study, conducted in Gujarat, India, from May 2023 to June 2024, employed in-depth interviews as the primary data collection method. The study focused on exploring the unique relationships between human and animal disease surveillance systems and their stakeholders’ with each other at both the state and district levels, providing a comprehensive understanding of the sectoral collaborations.
Result
The study identified huge opportunities to translate the surveillance system towards One Health Surveillance systems by strengthening intersectoral data sharing and reporting portals, as well as integration between health and animal sectors for early warning systems.
Conclusion
By enhancing coordination, investing in resources, and fostering partnerships, the state can build robust mechanisms for timely identification and response to emerging health threats, ultimately safeguarding the well-being of its population from One Health perspective.
{"title":"Preparedness for One Health Surveillance System: A qualitative in-depth exploration in Gujarat, India","authors":"Sandul Yasobant , Ravina Tadvi , Deepak B. Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The One Health approach, emphasizing collaboration across human, animal, and environmental health sectors, is recognized as crucial for mitigating zoonotic disease risks. Despite existing human and animal health surveillance systems, operational integration and effective coordination remain challenges. However, the potential for enhancing integrated disease control efforts is promising. Establishing inter-sectoral collaboration is essential for generating early warning signals, conducting joint investigations, and mounting coordinated responses to outbreaks.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate sectoral collaborations within Gujarat's (Western Indian state) disease surveillance system, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities for enhancing integrated disease control efforts from the One Health perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This qualitative study, conducted in Gujarat, India, from May 2023 to June 2024, employed in-depth interviews as the primary data collection method. The study focused on exploring the unique relationships between human and animal disease surveillance systems and their stakeholders’ with each other at both the state and district levels, providing a comprehensive understanding of the sectoral collaborations.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The study identified huge opportunities to translate the surveillance system towards One Health Surveillance systems by strengthening intersectoral data sharing and reporting portals, as well as integration between health and animal sectors for early warning systems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>By enhancing coordination, investing in resources, and fostering partnerships, the state can build robust mechanisms for timely identification and response to emerging health threats, ultimately safeguarding the well-being of its population from One Health perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100054
Keeley Allen , Genevieve K. O’Neill , Robin Auld , Joanne Taylor , David N. Durrheim
Objectives
Hendra virus is an important zoonotic pathogen in Australia, with widespread presence in flying fox reservoirs and serious health consequences for horses and humans. This study describes the epidemiology of all human contacts of confirmed Hendra virus cases in New South Wales (NSW) to inform future public health responses.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted of all known human contacts in three Local Health Districts in NSW from 2006 to 2023, representing all equine Hendra virus events in NSW to date. Data was extracted from the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System.
Results
A total of 26 equine Hendra events occurred, with 134 human contacts. NSW equine Hendra virus events and associated human contacts predominantly occurred in winter and spring, in part, driven by seasonal variation in flying fox ecology. Human contacts most often reported being owners of the horse or owner’s family members, including the majority (n = 15 of 18, 83 %) of higher-risk contacts. Higher-risk contacts often did not use personal protective equipment (n = 15 of 18, 83 %). No human contacts developed Hendra virus infection during the study period.
Conclusions
Higher-risk human contacts often occurred with limited or no use of personal protective equipment, often in the context of stress and grief for the ill or dead horse, and contrary to biosecurity advice. This study highlights the importance of a One Health approach to understand Hendra virus spillover infection risks in horses and humans and design appropriate, effective prevention measures that address these human behaviors.
{"title":"Epidemiology of human contacts of equine Hendra virus infection in northern New South Wales, Australia, 2006–2023","authors":"Keeley Allen , Genevieve K. O’Neill , Robin Auld , Joanne Taylor , David N. Durrheim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Hendra virus is an important zoonotic pathogen in Australia, with widespread presence in flying fox reservoirs and serious health consequences for horses and humans. This study describes the epidemiology of all human contacts of confirmed Hendra virus cases in New South Wales (NSW) to inform future public health responses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted of all known human contacts in three Local Health Districts in NSW from 2006 to 2023, representing all equine Hendra virus events in NSW to date. Data was extracted from the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 26 equine Hendra events occurred, with 134 human contacts. NSW equine Hendra virus events and associated human contacts predominantly occurred in winter and spring, in part, driven by seasonal variation in flying fox ecology. Human contacts most often reported being owners of the horse or owner’s family members, including the majority (n = 15 of 18, 83 %) of higher-risk contacts. Higher-risk contacts often did not use personal protective equipment (n = 15 of 18, 83 %). No human contacts developed Hendra virus infection during the study period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher-risk human contacts often occurred with limited or no use of personal protective equipment, often in the context of stress and grief for the ill or dead horse, and contrary to biosecurity advice. This study highlights the importance of a One Health approach to understand Hendra virus spillover infection risks in horses and humans and design appropriate, effective prevention measures that address these human behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100053
R. O’Regan , D.M. McGee , J.L. Lambert
Human bartonellosis is an emerging public health concern and remains underreported in the current medical literature. Bartonella species are ubiquitous bacteria implicated in numerous human disease processes globally. We report the case of an immunocompetent Irish agricultural worker who presented with acute bartonellosis following sheep handling. Similar to other case reports [1], this article describes a case of ‘trench fever’ in a human host by an unknown mode of transmission. We describe how diagnosis was made using clinical history taking, serology and histopathology findings.
{"title":"Acute bartonellosis caused by Bartonella quintana in a sheep farmer – An unidentified mode of transmission for ‘trench fever’","authors":"R. O’Regan , D.M. McGee , J.L. Lambert","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human bartonellosis is an emerging public health concern and remains underreported in the current medical literature. Bartonella species are ubiquitous bacteria implicated in numerous human disease processes globally. We report the case of an immunocompetent Irish agricultural worker who presented with acute bartonellosis following sheep handling. Similar to other case reports <span><span>[1]</span></span>, this article describes a case of ‘trench fever’ in a human host by an unknown mode of transmission. We describe how diagnosis was made using clinical history taking, serology and histopathology findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143271989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100050
Henry Kyobe Bosa , Winters Muttamba , Barnabas Bakamutumaho , Edson Rwagasore , John Runumu , Mudarshiru Bbuye , Wilber Sabiiti , Abdul Nyanzi , Jacqueline Weyer , Joel Francis , Ntuli A. Kapologwe , Patrick Katoto , Bruce Kirenga , Misaki Wayengera
In September 2023, a re-emergence of mpox was noted in the province of South Kivu, in DR Congo. So far, active transmission has been reported in 23 of the 26 provinces. Despite localisation within DRC, there are emerging concerns about possibility of cross-border transmission. In this perspective, we highlight the threat posed to HIV positive patients, particularly those with unsuppressed viral loads. We make several prepositions as part of the preparedness and response plans in the countries in the East and Central Africa region. The six prepositions include: 1) operationalize the Joint Africa Task Force for mpox consistent with Kinshasa declaration on mpox, 2) increased surveillance, 3) deployment of point of care diagnostics, 4) targeted reactive vaccination and enhanced antiretroviral therapy of HIV positive patients in areas of active transmission, 5) community engagement, 6) foster capacity building of national rapid response teams in East and Central Africa in mpox care and management through collaboration with DRC counterparts.
{"title":"High prevalence and non-suppression of HIV/AIDS in the East and Central African region heightens risk of severe outcomes for Clade I monkeypox virus infection, and may be a driver for subsequent adaptation","authors":"Henry Kyobe Bosa , Winters Muttamba , Barnabas Bakamutumaho , Edson Rwagasore , John Runumu , Mudarshiru Bbuye , Wilber Sabiiti , Abdul Nyanzi , Jacqueline Weyer , Joel Francis , Ntuli A. Kapologwe , Patrick Katoto , Bruce Kirenga , Misaki Wayengera","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2024.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In September 2023, a re-emergence of mpox was noted in the province of South Kivu, in DR Congo. So far, active transmission has been reported in 23 of the 26 provinces. Despite localisation within DRC, there are emerging concerns about possibility of cross-border transmission. In this perspective, we highlight the threat posed to HIV positive patients, particularly those with unsuppressed viral loads. We make several prepositions as part of the preparedness and response plans in the countries in the East and Central Africa region. The six prepositions include: 1) operationalize the Joint Africa Task Force for mpox consistent with Kinshasa declaration on mpox, 2) increased surveillance, 3) deployment of point of care diagnostics, 4) targeted reactive vaccination and enhanced antiretroviral therapy of HIV positive patients in areas of active transmission, 5) community engagement, 6) foster capacity building of national rapid response teams in East and Central Africa in mpox care and management through collaboration with DRC counterparts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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