Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira spp., with rodents as the main reservoir. This study aims to detect Leptospira spp. in the urban rat population in Surabaya using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and analyze its phylogenetic relationship.
Methods
This laboratory-based surveillance study used a molecular approach to detect Leptospira spp. in the urban rat population from Genteng Village, Surabaya using PCR for detection and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of the positive isolates based on the partial lipL32 gene sequence. A total of 30 rat traps were set up, and 26 rats were successfully captured.
Results
The PCR results showed that 22 of 25 Rattus norvegicus (88 %) were positive for Leptospira spp., whereas the single Rattus tanezumi and three other Rattus norvegicus were negative. With a prevalence rate of 84.6 %, these findings indicate a high risk of leptospirosis transmission in Surabaya. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Leptospira DNA from Rattus norvegicus are closely related to Leptospira interrogans, a species known to be pathogenic to humans.
Conclusions
These results strengthen the evidence that Rattus norvegicus plays a major role as a vector in the spread of leptospirosis in urban environments. Therefore, mitigation efforts, such as rodent population control, improved environmental hygiene, and community education, are needed to reduce the risk of leptospirosis infection.
{"title":"Polymerase chain reaction-driven detection of Leptospira spp. in urban rat populations of Surabaya, Indonesia","authors":"Edza Aria Wikurendra , Josfirin Uding Rangga , Akas Yekti Pulih Asih , Teguh Suranta Sinulingga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by <em>Leptospira spp.,</em> with rodents as the main reservoir. This study aims to detect <em>Leptospira spp.</em> in the urban rat population in Surabaya using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and analyze its phylogenetic relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This laboratory-based surveillance study used a molecular approach to detect <em>Leptospira spp.</em> in the urban rat population from Genteng Village, Surabaya using PCR for detection and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of the positive isolates based on the partial <em>lipL32</em> gene sequence. A total of 30 rat traps were set up, and 26 rats were successfully captured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The PCR results showed that 22 of 25 <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> (88 %) were positive for <em>Leptospira spp.</em>, whereas the single <em>Rattus tanezumi</em> and three other <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> were negative. With a prevalence rate of 84.6 %, these findings indicate a high risk of leptospirosis transmission in Surabaya. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that <em>Leptospira</em> DNA from <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> are closely related to <em>Leptospira interrogans</em>, a species known to be pathogenic to humans.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results strengthen the evidence that <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> plays a major role as a vector in the spread of leptospirosis in urban environments. Therefore, mitigation efforts, such as rodent population control, improved environmental hygiene, and community education, are needed to reduce the risk of leptospirosis infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100073
Eniola Cadmus , Hezekiah K. Adesokan , Emmanuel J. Awosanya , Paul M. Iziomo , Victor O. Akinseye , Mathias A. Besong , Adeyemi O. Jolaoso , Nma Bida Alhaji , Okuonghae O. Pere-ere , Ephraim Nwanga , Terese G. Orum , Ayokunle O. Omileye , Adeola A. Adeleye , Samuel Owoicho , Olalekan J. Taiwo , Rashid Ansumana , Columba Vakuru , Simeon I. Cadmus
Objectives
Anthrax outbreaks pose significant public health and socioeconomic challenges. Following the recent outbreaks, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, risk perception, and preventive practices of livestock workers and household animal owners regarding anthrax and the associated socioeconomic implications in Nigeria.
Methods
A pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. A total of 1025 respondents from seven of the 36 states in Nigeria were selected and assessed on the basis of reported anthrax outbreaks, bordering with affected states, and livestock presence. Univariate analysis was conducted, and chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were used to assess significant associations between knowledge, risk perception, and independent variables.
Results
Of the 1025 respondents, 58.6 % and 79.9 % demonstrated adequate knowledge (score ≥36 of 72) and positive perception (score ≥15 of 24), respectively. Notably, 22 % had never taken any preventive measures against anthrax, and only 27.7 % knew about the anthrax vaccination program for livestock. Exactly 23.8 % indicated that regulations imposed during the anthrax outbreak affected their livestock-related activities, while 40.6 % expressed concern about potentially going out of business because of the anthrax outbreak. Respondents’ knowledge was significantly associated with awareness (adjusted odds ratio: 5.35; 95 % confidence interval: 3.12–9.18).
Conclusions
This study highlights the need for targeted educational programs to bridge knowledge and risk perception gaps and improve preventive practices.
{"title":"Anthrax knowledge, perception, and preventive practices of livestock workers and household animal owners in Nigeria","authors":"Eniola Cadmus , Hezekiah K. Adesokan , Emmanuel J. Awosanya , Paul M. Iziomo , Victor O. Akinseye , Mathias A. Besong , Adeyemi O. Jolaoso , Nma Bida Alhaji , Okuonghae O. Pere-ere , Ephraim Nwanga , Terese G. Orum , Ayokunle O. Omileye , Adeola A. Adeleye , Samuel Owoicho , Olalekan J. Taiwo , Rashid Ansumana , Columba Vakuru , Simeon I. Cadmus","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Anthrax outbreaks pose significant public health and socioeconomic challenges. Following the recent outbreaks, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, risk perception, and preventive practices of livestock workers and household animal owners regarding anthrax and the associated socioeconomic implications in Nigeria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A pretested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. A total of 1025 respondents from seven of the 36 states in Nigeria were selected and assessed on the basis of reported anthrax outbreaks, bordering with affected states, and livestock presence. Univariate analysis was conducted, and chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were used to assess significant associations between knowledge, risk perception, and independent variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 1025 respondents, 58.6 % and 79.9 % demonstrated adequate knowledge (score ≥36 of 72) and positive perception (score ≥15 of 24), respectively. Notably, 22 % had never taken any preventive measures against anthrax, and only 27.7 % knew about the anthrax vaccination program for livestock. Exactly 23.8 % indicated that regulations imposed during the anthrax outbreak affected their livestock-related activities, while 40.6 % expressed concern about potentially going out of business because of the anthrax outbreak. Respondents’ knowledge was significantly associated with awareness (adjusted odds ratio: 5.35; 95 % confidence interval: 3.12–9.18).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the need for targeted educational programs to bridge knowledge and risk perception gaps and improve preventive practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100072
Saima Akter , Sumon Ghosh , Sajal Kanti Biswas , Tushar Kumar Das , Nurun Nahar Chisty , Sirajul Islam Sagor , Suman Das Gupta , M. Salim Uzzaman , Ajit Kumar Karna , Faisol Talukdar , Sukanta Chowdhury
Objectives
Infectious diseases pose significant challenges to poultry production, with biosecurity measures crucial in disease prevention. This study aims to assess biosecurity practices across various commercial chicken farms in Bangladesh, offering valuable insights for improving disease prevention.
Methods
Between July and December 2021, a survey was carried out across eight country divisions, encompassing 4846 commercial farms. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and a biosecurity scoring system was developed to evaluate the level of biosecurity implementation on farms.
Results
The overall mean biosecurity status of commercial chicken farms was 52.7. Layer chicken farms exhibited better biosecurity scores (mean score: 55.9) than Sonali (mean score: 50) and broiler chicken farms (mean score: 53). Internal biosecurity practices (mean: 57.9) were generally better than external biosecurity practices (mean: 47.5). Among internal biosecurity measures, flock management scored highest (mean: 90.4), while dead bird and waste management scored lowest (mean: 41.7). Regarding external biosecurity, visitor access control was relatively strong (mean: 86.4), whereas farm location, infrastructure, wild and domestic bird management, and vehicle access management were identified as poor. Layer chicken farms had better vaccination practices (mean score: 85) than broiler and Sonali farms (mean score: 29).
Conclusions
This study’s findings highlighted the biosecurity status of commercial chicken farms, providing useful insights for further improvement. Strengthening biosecurity in commercial chicken farms improves poultry health and farm productivity and is crucial for reducing the transmission of zoonotic pathogens.
{"title":"Biosecurity practices in commercial chicken farms: Contributing factors for zoonotic pathogen spread","authors":"Saima Akter , Sumon Ghosh , Sajal Kanti Biswas , Tushar Kumar Das , Nurun Nahar Chisty , Sirajul Islam Sagor , Suman Das Gupta , M. Salim Uzzaman , Ajit Kumar Karna , Faisol Talukdar , Sukanta Chowdhury","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Infectious diseases pose significant challenges to poultry production, with biosecurity measures crucial in disease prevention. This study aims to assess biosecurity practices across various commercial chicken farms in Bangladesh, offering valuable insights for improving disease prevention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between July and December 2021, a survey was carried out across eight country divisions, encompassing 4846 commercial farms. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and a biosecurity scoring system was developed to evaluate the level of biosecurity implementation on farms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall mean biosecurity status of commercial chicken farms was 52.7. Layer chicken farms exhibited better biosecurity scores (mean score: 55.9) than Sonali (mean score: 50) and broiler chicken farms (mean score: 53). Internal biosecurity practices (mean: 57.9) were generally better than external biosecurity practices (mean: 47.5). Among internal biosecurity measures, flock management scored highest (mean: 90.4), while dead bird and waste management scored lowest (mean: 41.7). Regarding external biosecurity, visitor access control was relatively strong (mean: 86.4), whereas farm location, infrastructure, wild and domestic bird management, and vehicle access management were identified as poor. Layer chicken farms had better vaccination practices (mean score: 85) than broiler and Sonali farms (mean score: 29).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study’s findings highlighted the biosecurity status of commercial chicken farms, providing useful insights for further improvement. Strengthening biosecurity in commercial chicken farms improves poultry health and farm productivity and is crucial for reducing the transmission of zoonotic pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100071
Naseem Salahuddin , M. Aftab Gohar , Ammad Fahim
A possibly rabid dog bit the farmer’s cow, which developed rabies, and, in turn, accidentally bit the farmer. Fortunately, the farmer was informed about the risk of cow-transmitted rabies and took precautions by visiting a rabies prevention center where he received appropriate treatment, including wound cleaning and a quality vaccine. Rabies immune globulin was not necessary because he had been previously vaccinated against rabies; a booster dose was enough to trigger the anamnestic response. After receiving two doses of the vaccine intradermally, he developed protective antibodies. A total of 3 weeks after the bite, the cow demonstrated altered behavior and died. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction on biopsy of the cow’s brain subsequently confirmed the presence of rabies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a rabid cow biting a human. Timely intervention with proper postexposure prophylaxis saved the cow bite victim from rabies.
{"title":"A rabid cow bites the hand that feeds it","authors":"Naseem Salahuddin , M. Aftab Gohar , Ammad Fahim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A possibly rabid dog bit the farmer’s cow, which developed rabies, and, in turn, accidentally bit the farmer. Fortunately, the farmer was informed about the risk of cow-transmitted rabies and took precautions by visiting a rabies prevention center where he received appropriate treatment, including wound cleaning and a quality vaccine. Rabies immune globulin was not necessary because he had been previously vaccinated against rabies; a booster dose was enough to trigger the anamnestic response. After receiving two doses of the vaccine intradermally, he developed protective antibodies. A total of 3 weeks after the bite, the cow demonstrated altered behavior and died. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction on biopsy of the cow’s brain subsequently confirmed the presence of rabies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a rabid cow biting a human. Timely intervention with proper postexposure prophylaxis saved the cow bite victim from rabies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100070
Sherry Ama Mawuko Johnson , Theophilus Odoom , Rahama Abdulai Abubakari , Ayodeji Ayotunde Oni , Kingsley Kwabena Amoako , Gilbert Osei , Joseph Larr Dute , Allen Okine , William Tasiame
Objective
Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease that affects approximately 60,000 individuals worldwide each year. Although rabies can infect all warm-blooded animals, its occurrence in goats is relatively rare. This study investigated and reports a rabies outbreak on a goat farm in Ghana.
Design
A 10-month-old Boer goat was presented to a teaching hospital exhibiting ataxia and paddling movements, and it succumbed to the disease a day after presentation. Farm records indicated that 14 out of 57 goats had died within a month, but all were buried without laboratory testing or diagnosis. A guard dog on the farm, which consumed the carcass of one of the affected goats, died 13 days post-consumption.
Results
Brain tissues from both animals were tested for rabies using conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and both tested positive for rabies infection. The outbreak was managed on the farm through the immediate administration of anti-rabies vaccinations to the remaining goats and post-exposure prophylaxis to attendants who had been exposed through handling.
Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge this represents the first reported outbreak of rabies in goats in Ghana, underscoring the need for enhanced surveillance and public education to safeguard lives.
{"title":"Rabies outbreak on a goat farm in a suburb of Cape Coast, Ghana: An epidemiologic investigation","authors":"Sherry Ama Mawuko Johnson , Theophilus Odoom , Rahama Abdulai Abubakari , Ayodeji Ayotunde Oni , Kingsley Kwabena Amoako , Gilbert Osei , Joseph Larr Dute , Allen Okine , William Tasiame","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease that affects approximately 60,000 individuals worldwide each year. Although rabies can infect all warm-blooded animals, its occurrence in goats is relatively rare. This study investigated and reports a rabies outbreak on a goat farm in Ghana.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A 10-month-old Boer goat was presented to a teaching hospital exhibiting ataxia and paddling movements, and it succumbed to the disease a day after presentation. Farm records indicated that 14 out of 57 goats had died within a month, but all were buried without laboratory testing or diagnosis. A guard dog on the farm, which consumed the carcass of one of the affected goats, died 13 days post-consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Brain tissues from both animals were tested for rabies using conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and both tested positive for rabies infection. The outbreak was managed on the farm through the immediate administration of anti-rabies vaccinations to the remaining goats and post-exposure prophylaxis to attendants who had been exposed through handling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To the best of our knowledge this represents the first reported outbreak of rabies in goats in Ghana, underscoring the need for enhanced surveillance and public education to safeguard lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100069
Naseem Salahuddin , M. Aftab Gohar , Naila Baig-Ansari , Rabia Khan , M. Abdullah Qureshi , Kausar SK , Rashna Spencer Karanjia , Sara Salman , Isma Gheewala
{"title":"Corrigendum to “How a private organization in Pakistan initiated One Health Project to eliminate rabies” [IJID One Health 1 (2023) 100011]","authors":"Naseem Salahuddin , M. Aftab Gohar , Naila Baig-Ansari , Rabia Khan , M. Abdullah Qureshi , Kausar SK , Rashna Spencer Karanjia , Sara Salman , Isma Gheewala","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afghanistan’s struggle with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is intensified by limited diagnostic and preventive resources. This study analyzed national surveillance data from five regions (2018–2024), focusing on the Eid-al-Adha months (2022–2024), and examined demographics, occupations, public awareness, and 2024 summer trends.
Methods
This study presents findings from a retrospective analysis of regional CCHF surveillance data from 2018 to 2024, analyzed using SPSS 23 and Power BI.
Results
From 2018 to December 2024, Afghanistan recorded 4445 suspected and 944 confirmed CCHF cases, with a case fatality rate of 20.6% (i.e. 195 deaths). Annual confirmed cases were 139 in 2018, 167 in 2019, 178 in 2020, 189 in 2021, 15 in 2022, 114 in 2023, and 142 in 2024. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin M antibody tests identified 20.45% of confirmed cases, with the highest death toll in 2018. From 2022–2024, 712 cases occurred during the Eid-al-Adha months, causing 61 deaths, peaking in 2023 with 313 cases and 30 deaths. In 2024, June had the most cases (204, case fatality rate 13%) and October had the least (47 cases, case fatality rate 8.5%). Of the confirmed cases, 66% were male and 34% were female. Occupations with the highest exposure included housewives (13.5%), shepherds (11.9%), butchers (8.7%), health staff (4.6%), students (3.4%), and animal dealers/farmers (7.3%). In addition, 21.16% were unemployed, and occupational data were missing for 29.3%.
Conclusions
The increase in CCHF outbreaks in Afghanistan from 2018 to 2024 highlights the challenges in disease awareness and testing capacity. Early intervention is crucial for containing outbreaks in affected regions.
{"title":"The silent threat of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: an epidemiologic analysis from five key high-risk regions of Afghanistan (2018–2024)","authors":"Enayatullah Hamdard , Ahmadullah Zahir , Naqibullah Mujadidi , Nooruddin Himmat","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Afghanistan’s struggle with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is intensified by limited diagnostic and preventive resources. This study analyzed national surveillance data from five regions (2018–2024), focusing on the Eid-al-Adha months (2022–2024), and examined demographics, occupations, public awareness, and 2024 summer trends.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study presents findings from a retrospective analysis of regional CCHF surveillance data from 2018 to 2024, analyzed using SPSS 23 and Power BI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2018 to December 2024, Afghanistan recorded 4445 suspected and 944 confirmed CCHF cases, with a case fatality rate of 20.6% (i.e. 195 deaths). Annual confirmed cases were 139 in 2018, 167 in 2019, 178 in 2020, 189 in 2021, 15 in 2022, 114 in 2023, and 142 in 2024. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin M antibody tests identified 20.45% of confirmed cases, with the highest death toll in 2018. From 2022–2024, 712 cases occurred during the Eid-al-Adha months, causing 61 deaths, peaking in 2023 with 313 cases and 30 deaths. In 2024, June had the most cases (204, case fatality rate 13%) and October had the least (47 cases, case fatality rate 8.5%). Of the confirmed cases, 66% were male and 34% were female. Occupations with the highest exposure included housewives (13.5%), shepherds (11.9%), butchers (8.7%), health staff (4.6%), students (3.4%), and animal dealers/farmers (7.3%). In addition, 21.16% were unemployed, and occupational data were missing for 29.3%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The increase in CCHF outbreaks in Afghanistan from 2018 to 2024 highlights the challenges in disease awareness and testing capacity. Early intervention is crucial for containing outbreaks in affected regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100068
Ayra I. Sayyed , William V. Padula
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Visual dysfunction and sudden onset symptoms leading to early detection of tick-borne infections: A case report” [IJID One Health 4 (2024) 100036]","authors":"Ayra I. Sayyed , William V. Padula","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100066
Osman A. Dar , Max Claron , Hadjer Nacer
Objectives
This study evaluates the incorporation of sustainability as a concept within global health security capacity assessment tools from a One Health perspective. Focusing on the International Health Regulations Joint External Evaluation and the World Organization for Animal Health Performance of Veterinary Services—the most widely used and standardized health security capacity assessment tools worldwide—we conducted a study to identify and categorize explicit and implicit references to sustainability.
Methods
Using the principles of a content analysis approach, we identified and characterized references to sustainability in the International Health Regulations Joint External Evaluation and the World Organization for Animal Health Performance of Veterinary Services tools. The READ (ready materials, i.e. document selection and identifying data, extracting data, analyzing data, distilling findings) approach for document analysis was used to provide a framework and guiding questions to systematically extract relevant text, analyze data, and draw conclusions from the two documents.
Results
Our findings indicate that sustainability is inconsistently defined and applied across technical and core competency areas. Most references to sustainability are related to organizational capacity, notably, in biosafety, biosecurity, and laboratory systems, and lack comprehensive measures for wildlife and ecosystem/environment health, community engagement, and multisectoral partnerships.
Conclusions
This study underscores the necessity for a standardized, holistic integration of sustainability as a concept within health security assessment frameworks, adhering to One Health principles, to enhance the long-term effectiveness and resilience of health systems and foster intersectoral collaboration for improved global health security.
{"title":"Identifying features of sustainability in global health security assessment tools – A document analysis of the IHR JEE and the WOAH PVS","authors":"Osman A. Dar , Max Claron , Hadjer Nacer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluates the incorporation of sustainability as a concept within global health security capacity assessment tools from a One Health perspective. Focusing on the International Health Regulations Joint External Evaluation and the World Organization for Animal Health Performance of Veterinary Services—the most widely used and standardized health security capacity assessment tools worldwide—we conducted a study to identify and categorize explicit and implicit references to sustainability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the principles of a content analysis approach, we identified and characterized references to sustainability in the International Health Regulations Joint External Evaluation and the World Organization for Animal Health Performance of Veterinary Services tools. The READ (<strong>r</strong>eady materials, i.e. document selection and identifying data, <strong>e</strong>xtracting data, <strong>a</strong>nalyzing data, <strong>d</strong>istilling findings) approach for document analysis was used to provide a framework and guiding questions to systematically extract relevant text, analyze data, and draw conclusions from the two documents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings indicate that sustainability is inconsistently defined and applied across technical and core competency areas. Most references to sustainability are related to organizational capacity, notably, in biosafety, biosecurity, and laboratory systems, and lack comprehensive measures for wildlife and ecosystem/environment health, community engagement, and multisectoral partnerships.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study underscores the necessity for a standardized, holistic integration of sustainability as a concept within health security assessment frameworks, adhering to One Health principles, to enhance the long-term effectiveness and resilience of health systems and foster intersectoral collaboration for improved global health security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leptospirosis is a significant zoonotic disease of camels that poses an economic burden on livestock industries worldwide. Hence, the present study investigated the serovars and risk factors of Leptospira infection in camels in the Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, and compared it with the incidence and prevalence of Leptospira infection in camels worldwide.
Methods
A total of 150 serum samples were collected from the camel population of Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, southeast of Iran, from the fall and winter of 2022 to the spring of 2023. The samples were then sent to the Leptospira Research Laboratory at the University of Tehran for the microscopic agglutination test. Results were compared against Leptospira infection seroprevalence and epidemiology from other worldwide studies on Leptospira infection in camels to ascertain the significance of these zoonoses in Iran.
Results
According to the results, 2 % of serum samples (3/150) were positive for Leptospira infections, and 4 % (6/150) were suspicious, with <1:100 titers. Moreover, of the three positive samples, two demonstrated reactivity to serovar Pomona, whereas the other positive sample demonstrated reactivity with serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae in the microscopic agglutination test. No significant difference in the prevalence of infection based on sex or age of camels was observed. The worldwide epidemiologic study of Leptospira infection in camels shows that the disease varies significantly in different regions regarding infection rates and pathogens.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that Leptospira infection continues to be a significant threat to livestock health management in Iran. To control Leptospira infection in camels, there is a need for systematic monitoring and more comprehensive research to identify environmental and management factors that affect its spread.
{"title":"Serovar typing and risk factors of Leptospira infection in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran: An exploratory study, with a worldwide update of Leptospira infections in camels","authors":"Roxana Sarabandi , Ali Sarani , Mehdi Rasekh , Soheil Sadr , Gholamreza Abdollahpour , Shakiba Nazemian , Mahdis Khajehmohammadi , Hassan Borji","doi":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Leptospirosis is a significant zoonotic disease of camels that poses an economic burden on livestock industries worldwide. Hence, the present study investigated the serovars and risk factors of <em>Leptospira</em> infection in camels in the Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, and compared it with the incidence and prevalence of <em>Leptospira</em> infection in camels worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 150 serum samples were collected from the camel population of Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, southeast of Iran, from the fall and winter of 2022 to the spring of 2023. The samples were then sent to the <em>Leptospira</em> Research Laboratory at the University of Tehran for the microscopic agglutination test. Results were compared against <em>Leptospira</em> infection seroprevalence and epidemiology from other worldwide studies on <em>Leptospira</em> infection in camels to ascertain the significance of these zoonoses in Iran.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>According to the results, 2 % of serum samples (3/150) were positive for <em>Leptospira</em> infections, and 4 % (6/150) were suspicious, with <1:100 titers. Moreover, of the three positive samples, two demonstrated reactivity to serovar Pomona, whereas the other positive sample demonstrated reactivity with serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae in the microscopic agglutination test. No significant difference in the prevalence of infection based on sex or age of camels was observed. The worldwide epidemiologic study of <em>Leptospira</em> infection in camels shows that the disease varies significantly in different regions regarding infection rates and pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this study indicate that <em>Leptospira</em> infection continues to be a significant threat to livestock health management in Iran. To control <em>Leptospira</em> infection in camels, there is a need for systematic monitoring and more comprehensive research to identify environmental and management factors that affect its spread.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100655,"journal":{"name":"IJID One Health","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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