Graphical models are not just efficient computational structures, they also incorporate knowledge in an intuitive way. The authors give an overview of the most important graphical models and some interesting applications of each.
{"title":"Sun PCi provides the best of two worlds","authors":"C. Alberola, L. Tardón, J. Ruiz-Alzola","doi":"10.1109/5992.852390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5992.852390","url":null,"abstract":"Graphical models are not just efficient computational structures, they also incorporate knowledge in an intuitive way. The authors give an overview of the most important graphical models and some interesting applications of each.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":"139 1","pages":"46-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87296662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From the Editors: Infrastructure Immunology","authors":"G. Cybenko","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.1999.10020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.1999.10020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74448843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"David Shaw: At the Intersection of Technology and Finance","authors":"D. Shaw","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.1999.10022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.1999.10022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"24-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75947890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the face of it, Emme Rollor was doing pretty well. She had a well‐paying job: chief operating officer of caravanserai.com, which sold discount diamond rings and costume jewelry on the Net. Not glamorous, but a sound little business that paid the mortgage on a sweet little cottage in Palo Alto.
{"title":"The Totally Useless Things Dot.Com: Is it the Ultimate Future for the Web?","authors":"N. Smith","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2000.10015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2000.10015","url":null,"abstract":"On the face of it, Emme Rollor was doing pretty well. She had a well‐paying job: chief operating officer of caravanserai.com, which sold discount diamond rings and costume jewelry on the Net. Not glamorous, but a sound little business that paid the mortgage on a sweet little cottage in Palo Alto.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"97-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81186645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When I was an undergraduate, those who aspired to be “cool” made sure to do certain things. A cool person should always give the impression of doing very little work—for example, I can remember one occasion when I spent most of the evening in a bull session and then left saying that I had a date. In fact, my “date” was an all‐nighter with the famous text by Wolfgang K.H. Panofsky and Melba N. Phillips on electromagnetic fields. Working through the night required stimulants such as multiple cups of truly rotten coffee and 10 or 15 cigarettes. By the end of a semester, a person would look kind of pale, but that could be corrected by another really cool activity—getting a deep, dark suntan.
{"title":"So Now They Tell Us","authors":"F. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2000.10017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2000.10017","url":null,"abstract":"When I was an undergraduate, those who aspired to be “cool” made sure to do certain things. A cool person should always give the impression of doing very little work—for example, I can remember one occasion when I spent most of the evening in a bull session and then left saying that I had a date. In fact, my “date” was an all‐nighter with the famous text by Wolfgang K.H. Panofsky and Melba N. Phillips on electromagnetic fields. Working through the night required stimulants such as multiple cups of truly rotten coffee and 10 or 15 cigarettes. By the end of a semester, a person would look kind of pale, but that could be corrected by another really cool activity—getting a deep, dark suntan.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79632457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Each month's mail brings in far more information about new products than we can possibly review in depth. This issue we look at some of the shorter items that were squeezed out of earlier submissions for lack of space. In coming columns, we plan to cover a unix workstation that can also pretend it's a pc, two midrange math programs, and some high-end statistics packages. New reviewers or suggestions for product reviews are always welcome at the e-mail address above.
{"title":"Products to simplify your life","authors":"D. Shirer","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2000.10016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2000.10016","url":null,"abstract":"Each month's mail brings in far more information about new products than we can possibly review in depth. This issue we look at some of the shorter items that were squeezed out of earlier submissions for lack of space. In coming columns, we plan to cover a unix workstation that can also pretend it's a pc, two midrange math programs, and some high-end statistics packages. New reviewers or suggestions for product reviews are always welcome at the e-mail address above.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"10-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90204734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Nothing that Is: A Natural History of Zero, Robert Kaplan, Oxford University Press, England, 1999, 256 pp., ISBN 0‐19‐512842‐7, $22.Covering four millennia and drawing from sources as eclectic as they are insightful, Robert Kaplan, a former Harvard mathematics professor, weaves a lively tale about the concept of zero. It is not so much a history book as it is a primer on zero—its genesis, etymology, representation, use, and ramifications. Artfully blending historiography with ample philosophical musings and literary references, Kaplan shows how various human civilizations grappled with the vexing paradox of having to conceptualize the notion of nothingness. From the Sumerians (whose creation of a positional system lead to a zero marker) to the Mayans (whose God of Death, Zero, had to be appeased by human sacrifice lest time itself would end) to medieval merchant Europe (where, believe it or not, accountants brought about the adoption of the concept of zero), Kaplan does an admirable job in conveying t...
{"title":"To See the World in a Grain of Sand","authors":"D. Bilar","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2000.10009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2000.10009","url":null,"abstract":"The Nothing that Is: A Natural History of Zero, Robert Kaplan, Oxford University Press, England, 1999, 256 pp., ISBN 0‐19‐512842‐7, $22.Covering four millennia and drawing from sources as eclectic as they are insightful, Robert Kaplan, a former Harvard mathematics professor, weaves a lively tale about the concept of zero. It is not so much a history book as it is a primer on zero—its genesis, etymology, representation, use, and ramifications. Artfully blending historiography with ample philosophical musings and literary references, Kaplan shows how various human civilizations grappled with the vexing paradox of having to conceptualize the notion of nothingness. From the Sumerians (whose creation of a positional system lead to a zero marker) to the Mayans (whose God of Death, Zero, had to be appeased by human sacrifice lest time itself would end) to medieval merchant Europe (where, believe it or not, accountants brought about the adoption of the concept of zero), Kaplan does an admirable job in conveying t...","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"104-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88130934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The underrepresentation of women and minorities in computational science and engineering is a major problem in our field-it's rarely addressed forthrightly as an issue on par with our other technical, scientific, and educational concerns. Only by addressing it directly can we hope to remedy the situation. In this article, we will focus on issues concerning minorities.
{"title":"Minority participation in computational science","authors":"Raquell Holmes, R. Giles","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2000.10011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2000.10011","url":null,"abstract":"The underrepresentation of women and minorities in computational science and engineering is a major problem in our field-it's rarely addressed forthrightly as an issue on par with our other technical, scientific, and educational concerns. Only by addressing it directly can we hope to remedy the situation. In this article, we will focus on issues concerning minorities.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"11-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81269168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As deputy assistant secretary for research, development, and simulation in the US Department of Energy Office of Defense Programs, Gil Weigand provides programmatic and policy direction for the DoE's nuclear weapons research, development, and simulation work. In partnership with the national labs, he leads the effort to preserve the technology base and develop programs for the surety, reliability, military effectiveness, and credibility of the nation's nuclear-weapons stockpile.Prior to this job, Weigand was deputy assistant secretary for strategic computing and simulation and a senior information officer for the DoE Office of Defense Programs, where he led advanced initiatives in high-performance computer simulation, computation, and communications. In particular, he was responsible for directing the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative, which has created leading-edge computational modeling and simulation tools necessary to move from test-based to simulation-based assessment and certification. The ASCI initiative is based on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, an international treaty to move toward no nuclear testing announced by President Bill Clinton on 11 August 1995.Paul Messina now manages ASCI as DoE deputy assistant secretary for advanced simulation and computing for defense programs. He is on a two-year leave from the California Institute of Technology, where he is assistant vice president for scientific computing, a faculty associate in scientific computing, and director of the Center for Advanced Computing Research. He has a joint appointment at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory as manager of high-performance computing. Messina is also on leave from the position of chief architect for the National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, where he established and led the Scalable I/O Initiative.Editor-in-chief George Cybenko recently talked to Weigand and Messina about their roles in ASCI and the Alliance Program, and their thoughts about where the high end of computational performance is headed.
Gil Weigand是美国能源部国防项目办公室负责研究、开发和模拟的副助理部长，为能源部的核武器研究、开发和模拟工作提供计划和政策方向。在与国家实验室的合作中，他领导着保护技术基础的工作，并为国家核武器储备的安全性、可靠性、军事有效性和可信性开发项目。在此之前，Weigand是战略计算和模拟副助理部长，也是美国能源部国防项目办公室的高级信息官员，在那里他领导了高性能计算机模拟、计算和通信方面的先进计划。特别是，他负责指导加速战略计算计划，该计划创建了从基于测试到基于模拟的评估和认证所必需的前沿计算建模和仿真工具。《全面禁止核试验条约》是《全面禁止核试验条约》的基础，这是比尔·克林顿总统于1995年8月11日宣布的一项旨在实现不进行核试验的国际条约。保罗·梅西纳(Paul Messina)目前是美国能源部负责国防项目高级模拟和计算的副助理部长，负责管理ASCI。他在加州理工学院(California Institute of Technology)担任科学计算助理副校长、科学计算教员和高级计算研究中心主任，目前正在休两年假。他在喷气推进实验室担任高性能计算经理。墨西纳还暂时离开了国家高级计算基础设施合作组织首席架构师的职位，在那里他建立并领导了可扩展I/O计划。主编George Cybenko最近与Weigand和Messina谈论了他们在ASCI和联盟计划中的角色，以及他们对高端计算性能走向的看法。
{"title":"Sea changes in computational power: testing our metal","authors":"G. Weigand, P. Messina","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2000.10013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2000.10013","url":null,"abstract":"As deputy assistant secretary for research, development, and simulation in the US Department of Energy Office of Defense Programs, Gil Weigand provides programmatic and policy direction for the DoE's nuclear weapons research, development, and simulation work. In partnership with the national labs, he leads the effort to preserve the technology base and develop programs for the surety, reliability, military effectiveness, and credibility of the nation's nuclear-weapons stockpile.Prior to this job, Weigand was deputy assistant secretary for strategic computing and simulation and a senior information officer for the DoE Office of Defense Programs, where he led advanced initiatives in high-performance computer simulation, computation, and communications. In particular, he was responsible for directing the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative, which has created leading-edge computational modeling and simulation tools necessary to move from test-based to simulation-based assessment and certification. The ASCI initiative is based on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, an international treaty to move toward no nuclear testing announced by President Bill Clinton on 11 August 1995.Paul Messina now manages ASCI as DoE deputy assistant secretary for advanced simulation and computing for defense programs. He is on a two-year leave from the California Institute of Technology, where he is assistant vice president for scientific computing, a faculty associate in scientific computing, and director of the Center for Advanced Computing Research. He has a joint appointment at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory as manager of high-performance computing. Messina is also on leave from the position of chief architect for the National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, where he established and led the Scalable I/O Initiative.Editor-in-chief George Cybenko recently talked to Weigand and Messina about their roles in ASCI and the Alliance Program, and their thoughts about where the high end of computational performance is headed.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75269488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the environment of intense competition facing many firms today, cutting costs from operations while meeting customer expectations is a prime objective. Industrial computing can help satisfy this objective by guiding many aspects of operations planning-for instance, mathematical models of operational problems can be developed and solved as part of information systems. Typical approaches come from the fields of operations research (mathematical programming), computer science (constraint satisfaction), or the interface (metaheuristics such as genetic algorithms, tabu search, and neural nets). To illustrate how to use computational models to gain a cost advantage in operations, let's consider an actual cutting stock problem faced by a Fortune 500 wire and cable manufacturer. Our team, consisting of a vice president, several IT professionals, and business unit managers, sought to reduce scrap and other costs with the help of an operations research consultant. I will describe two approaches to the problem: mathematical programming and genetic algorithms. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages in application.
{"title":"A multiple-choice genetic algorithm for a nonlinear cutting stock problem","authors":"J. C. Bean","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2000.10006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2000.10006","url":null,"abstract":"In the environment of intense competition facing many firms today, cutting costs from operations while meeting customer expectations is a prime objective. Industrial computing can help satisfy this objective by guiding many aspects of operations planning-for instance, mathematical models of operational problems can be developed and solved as part of information systems. Typical approaches come from the fields of operations research (mathematical programming), computer science (constraint satisfaction), or the interface (metaheuristics such as genetic algorithms, tabu search, and neural nets). To illustrate how to use computational models to gain a cost advantage in operations, let's consider an actual cutting stock problem faced by a Fortune 500 wire and cable manufacturer. Our team, consisting of a vice president, several IT professionals, and business unit managers, sought to reduce scrap and other costs with the help of an operations research consultant. I will describe two approaches to the problem: mathematical programming and genetic algorithms. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages in application.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"80-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87186603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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