{"title":"The Samsung SVP-6000 Presents Several Benefits","authors":"D. Tougaw","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2002.10008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2002.10008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91548263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It All Comes Down To B_NEW Leftarrow B_0 oplus (B_1 vee B_2)The formula in the title is the binary version of the rule 30 from Stephen Wolfran's new book,A New Kind of Science (Wolfram Media, 2002) Rule 30is a cellular automation that looks at three bits and generates a new one, B_NEW, from those three.It is said to generatepatterns that are complex and indistinguishable from random ones, a remarkable result for such a simple algorithm. As of this writing, Amazon.com ranks Wolfram's book number 18 in sales of all books. To put this in perspective, I checked the rank of the Feynman lectures (Addison-Wesley,1970), which was 2,003,and of Marc Kac's little masterpiece, Statistical Independence in Probability Analysis and Number Theory (Mathematical Assoc.of America,1959), which was 1,040,441 .Even if the sales figures were less impressive, a scientific book whose central premise is that the universe is an algorithm is bound to be of great interest to anyone concerned with computational science and engineering, and many other people as well. This issue of CiSE contains two reviews of A New Kind of Science. My purpose here is to make a few remarks about the directions this new science might take.
这一切都归结为B＿NEW Leftarrow B＿0 oplus (B＿1 vee B＿2)标题中的公式是Stephen Wolfran的新书《一种新的科学》(Wolfram Media, 2002)中的30号规则的二进制版本。30号规则是一个细胞自动化，它查看三个比特，并从这三个比特中生成一个新的B＿NEW。据说它可以生成复杂且与随机模式难以区分的模式，对于这样一个简单的算法来说，这是一个了不起的结果。在写这篇文章的时候，亚马逊网站将Wolfram的书在所有书籍的销量中排名第18位。为了更好地理解这一点，我查看了2003年费曼讲座(Addison-Wesley,1970)的排名，以及马克·卡茨的小名著《概率分析和数论中的统计独立性》(数学协会)的排名。即使销售数字不那么令人印象深刻，一本以宇宙是一个算法为中心前提的科学书籍，必然会引起任何关心计算科学和工程的人的极大兴趣，也会引起许多其他人的极大兴趣。本期CiSE收录了两篇对《一种新科学》的评论。我在这里的目的是对这门新科学可能采取的方向作一些评论。
{"title":"It All Comes Down to","authors":"F. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2002.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2002.1","url":null,"abstract":"It All Comes Down To B_NEW Leftarrow B_0 oplus (B_1 vee B_2)The formula in the title is the binary version of the rule 30 from Stephen Wolfran's new book,A New Kind of Science (Wolfram Media, 2002) Rule 30is a cellular automation that looks at three bits and generates a new one, B_NEW, from those three.It is said to generatepatterns that are complex and indistinguishable from random ones, a remarkable result for such a simple algorithm. As of this writing, Amazon.com ranks Wolfram's book number 18 in sales of all books. To put this in perspective, I checked the rank of the Feynman lectures (Addison-Wesley,1970), which was 2,003,and of Marc Kac's little masterpiece, Statistical Independence in Probability Analysis and Number Theory (Mathematical Assoc.of America,1959), which was 1,040,441 .Even if the sales figures were less impressive, a scientific book whose central premise is that the universe is an algorithm is bound to be of great interest to anyone concerned with computational science and engineering, and many other people as well. This issue of CiSE contains two reviews of A New Kind of Science. My purpose here is to make a few remarks about the directions this new science might take.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87686901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Let me start by saying I have never before sampled a category in which all of the reviewed products were of such good quality.three groups of users will find a garden of heavenly delights in the eightastronomical software programs I reviewed. The first group is beginning skywatchers who want a planetarium-like show from which they can learn the constellations and become acquainted with interesting objects visible with the naked eye or binoculars. A second group would certainly be astronomy students and educators who need a desktop tool for exploring the mysteries of the cosmos. Many moons ago,I taught an introduction to astronomy course and would have been overjoyed to have had any of these programs available as a teaching tool. Finally, some programs are especially well suited to the demands of serious amateur or professional observers who want to plan, control,and log a night's telescope activity.
{"title":"Planetarium and Observer Software","authors":"D. Shirer","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2002.10007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2002.10007","url":null,"abstract":"Let me start by saying I have never before sampled a category in which all of the reviewed products were of such good quality.three groups of users will find a garden of heavenly delights in the eightastronomical software programs I reviewed. The first group is beginning skywatchers who want a planetarium-like show from which they can learn the constellations and become acquainted with interesting objects visible with the naked eye or binoculars. A second group would certainly be astronomy students and educators who need a desktop tool for exploring the mysteries of the cosmos. Many moons ago,I taught an introduction to astronomy course and would have been overjoyed to have had any of these programs available as a teaching tool. Finally, some programs are especially well suited to the demands of serious amateur or professional observers who want to plan, control,and log a night's telescope activity.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88106525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-15DOI: 10.1109/MCISE.2002.1014988
G. Cybenko
mechanics describes our world, as it seems to do at a very basic level. Moreover, the leading physicists of the 20th century continue to debate the true meaning and interpretation of things quantum, so it appears that this requisite intuition is highly personal. Fortunately, understanding quantum computation is a different matter. You can begin with a quantum-mechanical formalism based on familiar mathematics and treat most of how it applies to computation in a formal, almost axiomatic, way. This is different than profoundly understanding quantum mechanics but is, in my opinion, achievable with less effort and by more people. Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang have written an excellent book. It is readable and comprehensive; its closeto-conversational tone is unusual in a book on this subject. The authors write as if they were talking with readers, rather than lecturing at them, resulting in a pleasing style. However, the material is dense and the reader must be dedicated, motivated, and alert at all times. Just shy of 700 pages, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information covers several important developments in the subject through 2000, which is more than enough for someone who wants to get a solid grounding in quantum computing and its implications. The authors do not provide references to original sources as they develop material, deferring citations to a section at the end of each chapter. This leads to unnecessary suspense about who did what, and when. I referred to this section every few pages, just to satisfy my curiosity; folding the history discussion in with the idea presentation would have been more effective and consistent with the writing style. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information consists of three parts: fundamental concepts, quantum computation, and quantum information. Appendices cover some of the required background material. Because quantum mechanics is largely understandable in terms of probabilities and unitary operators, the half page devoted to unitary operators and two pages of background on basic probability send a clear message that the reader must have a significant mathematical background before tackling even the first part of this book. Part One, “Fundamental Concepts,” covers the basic ideas underlying quantum computing. This section uses the traditional notation, which is highly compact and subject specific. The text could be presented in the notation and terms of Hilbert space analysis, with which mathematicians and engineers are more familiar. Because my background is in mathematics, I must map the notation and logic into the functional analysis and matrix theory with which I am comfortable. For example, the notation and use of “bra” and “ket” seems to be the norm in this field, which is dominated by researchers trained in physics. A development of quantum computing using von Neumann’s language and notation would appeal to many trained in those terms. Part Two, “Quantum Computation,” builds on Lov Grover and
{"title":"Understanding Quantum Computing: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information","authors":"G. Cybenko","doi":"10.1109/MCISE.2002.1014988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCISE.2002.1014988","url":null,"abstract":"mechanics describes our world, as it seems to do at a very basic level. Moreover, the leading physicists of the 20th century continue to debate the true meaning and interpretation of things quantum, so it appears that this requisite intuition is highly personal. Fortunately, understanding quantum computation is a different matter. You can begin with a quantum-mechanical formalism based on familiar mathematics and treat most of how it applies to computation in a formal, almost axiomatic, way. This is different than profoundly understanding quantum mechanics but is, in my opinion, achievable with less effort and by more people. Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang have written an excellent book. It is readable and comprehensive; its closeto-conversational tone is unusual in a book on this subject. The authors write as if they were talking with readers, rather than lecturing at them, resulting in a pleasing style. However, the material is dense and the reader must be dedicated, motivated, and alert at all times. Just shy of 700 pages, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information covers several important developments in the subject through 2000, which is more than enough for someone who wants to get a solid grounding in quantum computing and its implications. The authors do not provide references to original sources as they develop material, deferring citations to a section at the end of each chapter. This leads to unnecessary suspense about who did what, and when. I referred to this section every few pages, just to satisfy my curiosity; folding the history discussion in with the idea presentation would have been more effective and consistent with the writing style. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information consists of three parts: fundamental concepts, quantum computation, and quantum information. Appendices cover some of the required background material. Because quantum mechanics is largely understandable in terms of probabilities and unitary operators, the half page devoted to unitary operators and two pages of background on basic probability send a clear message that the reader must have a significant mathematical background before tackling even the first part of this book. Part One, “Fundamental Concepts,” covers the basic ideas underlying quantum computing. This section uses the traditional notation, which is highly compact and subject specific. The text could be presented in the notation and terms of Hilbert space analysis, with which mathematicians and engineers are more familiar. Because my background is in mathematics, I must map the notation and logic into the functional analysis and matrix theory with which I am comfortable. For example, the notation and use of “bra” and “ket” seems to be the norm in this field, which is dominated by researchers trained in physics. A development of quantum computing using von Neumann’s language and notation would appeal to many trained in those terms. Part Two, “Quantum Computation,” builds on Lov Grover and","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89123162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data mining is the process of automatically extracting new and useful knowledge hidden in large data sets. This emerging discipline is becoming increasingly important as advances in data collection lead to the explosive growth in the amount of available data. Data mining techniques primarily help analyze commercial data sets and play a critical role in analyzing and understanding purchasing behaviors for effective consumer relations management, process optimization, personalized marketing, and customer segmentation.
{"title":"Guest Editor's Introduction: Data Mining","authors":"G. Karypis","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2002.10003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2002.10003","url":null,"abstract":"Data mining is the process of automatically extracting new and useful knowledge hidden in large data sets. This emerging discipline is becoming increasingly important as advances in data collection lead to the explosive growth in the amount of available data. Data mining techniques primarily help analyze commercial data sets and play a critical role in analyzing and understanding purchasing behaviors for effective consumer relations management, process optimization, personalized marketing, and customer segmentation.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75806107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1109/MCISE.2002.1014976
A. R. Gainguly
High-resolution rainfall forecasting has important benefits, such as enabling flood prediction, yet little progress has been made toward developing an effective strategy. The hybrid approach presented here combines weather physics, statistics, and artificial neural networks. The strategy is able to draw on all available information, account for and use aspects of the domain physics that are better understood, and exploit the strengths of the available data-dictated tools.
{"title":"A hybrid approach to improving rainfall forecasts","authors":"A. R. Gainguly","doi":"10.1109/MCISE.2002.1014976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCISE.2002.1014976","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution rainfall forecasting has important benefits, such as enabling flood prediction, yet little progress has been made toward developing an effective strategy. The hybrid approach presented here combines weather physics, statistics, and artificial neural networks. The strategy is able to draw on all available information, account for and use aspects of the domain physics that are better understood, and exploit the strengths of the available data-dictated tools.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90439312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Not long ago, a friend had an experience that some might call a "post-modern, social network/computer network crossover event." She works at a large research lab, and one day sent an email letter of acceptance to a prospective summer student. Two days later, my friend got email from her sister,who has no connection to my friend's lab and lives in Europe. Amazingly, the second email contained a copy of the acceptance letter. The explanation for this happening that first comes to mind is probably some sentence containing the phrases "degrees of separation" or "connectivity of the Web." I suggest that as scientists, we might not want to accept these buzzwords as an explanation and, more to the point, that these phenomena raise important and exciting computational issues.
{"title":"Oh, What a Tangled Web We Weave","authors":"F. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2002.10005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2002.10005","url":null,"abstract":"Not long ago, a friend had an experience that some might call a \"post-modern, social network/computer network crossover event.\" She works at a large research lab, and one day sent an email letter of acceptance to a prospective summer student. Two days later, my friend got email from her sister,who has no connection to my friend's lab and lives in Europe. Amazingly, the second email contained a copy of the acceptance letter. The explanation for this happening that first comes to mind is probably some sentence containing the phrases \"degrees of separation\" or \"connectivity of the Web.\" I suggest that as scientists, we might not want to accept these buzzwords as an explanation and, more to the point, that these phenomena raise important and exciting computational issues.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80749407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For many years, computational modeling talks ended with a sentence like the one in this essay's title. Serious computational researchers were forced to live the life of a great white shark-silently cruising the shallows, always looking for more computing power, compelled to swim, hunt, and eat continually, or sink to the bottom and slowly die.
{"title":"... And Next Year, We're Going to Do 3D Problems","authors":"F. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2002.10002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2002.10002","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, computational modeling talks ended with a sentence like the one in this essay's title. Serious computational researchers were forced to live the life of a great white shark-silently cruising the shallows, always looking for more computing power, compelled to swim, hunt, and eat continually, or sink to the bottom and slowly die.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77985623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Performing interactive mathematical calculations on the Internet without programming Perl scripts or Java applets? Sounds as fantastic as Harry Potter's universe, but Wolfram research's webMathematica delivers just that. This new product lets you access the power of the Mathematica kernel from a Web page with almost the ease of waving a magic wand.
{"title":"Mathematica Spins Web Wizardry","authors":"D. Shirer","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2002.10001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2002.10001","url":null,"abstract":"Performing interactive mathematical calculations on the Internet without programming Perl scripts or Java applets? Sounds as fantastic as Harry Potter's universe, but Wolfram research's webMathematica delivers just that. This new product lets you access the power of the Mathematica kernel from a Web page with almost the ease of waving a magic wand.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91163147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present techniques to simplify complex computer simulations by partitioning parameter spaces and by using mathematical tools to visualize implementation effects.
作者提出了通过划分参数空间和使用数学工具可视化实现效果来简化复杂计算机模拟的技术。
{"title":"Computer simulation: using mathematical models to cope with complex computer simulations","authors":"J. Hämäläinen, Kari Hirvi, Hannu Rajaniemi","doi":"10.1109/5992.976438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5992.976438","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present techniques to simplify complex computer simulations by partitioning parameter spaces and by using mathematical tools to visualize implementation effects.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83657782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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