The theory behind biocomputing is to look to biological structures and processes for new ways of solving difficult computational problems. But this need not be a one-way street: advances in computing can feed back into the study of biology, leading to better biotechnological tools.
{"title":"Biocomputation: comparing genomes","authors":"B. Mishra","doi":"10.1109/5992.976436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5992.976436","url":null,"abstract":"The theory behind biocomputing is to look to biological structures and processes for new ways of solving difficult computational problems. But this need not be a one-way street: advances in computing can feed back into the study of biology, leading to better biotechnological tools.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83938519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many of the startling results obtained in the 20th century about the foundations of physics actually appear in papers produced years before the official discovery. One nice example is the existence of antimatter, which was predicted from symmetries in Dirac's mathematical treatment of quantum field theory and later observed experimentally. However, according to at least some experts, one of Einstein's earliest attempts at a unified field theory actually predicted antimatter as a side effect. Einstein discarded the result, perhaps because he abandoned that attempt as he did all other attempts except the one he was working on a the time of his death.
{"title":"From the editors: what's new","authors":"F. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2002.10000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2002.10000","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the startling results obtained in the 20th century about the foundations of physics actually appear in papers produced years before the official discovery. One nice example is the existence of antimatter, which was predicted from symmetries in Dirac's mathematical treatment of quantum field theory and later observed experimentally. However, according to at least some experts, one of Einstein's earliest attempts at a unified field theory actually predicted antimatter as a side effect. Einstein discarded the result, perhaps because he abandoned that attempt as he did all other attempts except the one he was working on a the time of his death.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88687362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Willing Suspension of Disbelief","authors":"F. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2001.10011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2001.10011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75820131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Trojan asteroids, discovered almost a century ago, are direct evidence for stability in the pure three-body problem. Two groups of asteroids share Jupiter's orbit, preceding or trailing it by an angle of 60 degrees. Because the Sun and Jupiter are by far the heaviest bodies, the restricted three body model is perfectly adequate to describe the relevant dynamics, and the perturbations due to the attraction of other planets do not significantly modify the orbit. For a hypothetical Lagrangian satellite bound to Earth and the Moon, we cannot discard the Sun's influence a priori. The problem of stability in this case is very hard; no analytic result is known, up to now. However, numerical analysis can give us a plausible answer. In spring 1999, I made this problem a classroom activity for my physics undergraduate students at the University of Parma. These students had an elementary background in classical mechanics but no computational-physics training. The choice of Matlab as a working environment was rather natural. With a little sacrifice in speed compared to Fortran or C, Matlab let us build a working program in a few days, including visualization and a friendly user interface. We easily found clear numerical evidence that the equilateral orbits L/sub 4/ and L/sub 5/ in the Earth-Moon system are unstable. I describe the program's setup, its Matlab implementation and the results.
{"title":"Elementary celestial mechanics using Matlab","authors":"E. Onori","doi":"10.1109/5992.963427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/5992.963427","url":null,"abstract":"The Trojan asteroids, discovered almost a century ago, are direct evidence for stability in the pure three-body problem. Two groups of asteroids share Jupiter's orbit, preceding or trailing it by an angle of 60 degrees. Because the Sun and Jupiter are by far the heaviest bodies, the restricted three body model is perfectly adequate to describe the relevant dynamics, and the perturbations due to the attraction of other planets do not significantly modify the orbit. For a hypothetical Lagrangian satellite bound to Earth and the Moon, we cannot discard the Sun's influence a priori. The problem of stability in this case is very hard; no analytic result is known, up to now. However, numerical analysis can give us a plausible answer. In spring 1999, I made this problem a classroom activity for my physics undergraduate students at the University of Parma. These students had an elementary background in classical mechanics but no computational-physics training. The choice of Matlab as a working environment was rather natural. With a little sacrifice in speed compared to Fortran or C, Matlab let us build a working program in a few days, including visualization and a friendly user interface. We easily found clear numerical evidence that the equilateral orbits L/sub 4/ and L/sub 5/ in the Earth-Moon system are unstable. I describe the program's setup, its Matlab implementation and the results.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79632668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Threads and Surprises","authors":"Francis Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2001.10008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2001.10008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87101998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This issue of CISE contains several articles on the general topic of “Computational Challenges for the 21st Century.” We plan to have a number of articles and essays on this subject throughout the year. In part, we’re building on the themes set in last year’s list of the “Top 10 Algorithms,” but we’re attempting to address some broader issues too. Some of the more scientific of these include identifying the barriers to achieving even more results through computation and examining whether we’re missing any new opportunities or ideas offered by computation. We also want to look at some social and economic issues, such as how US government policies related to computation will continue to evolve and if high‐speed communication and computation offer pure benefits with no drawbacks?
{"title":"Onward and Upward","authors":"F. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2001.10006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2001.10006","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of CISE contains several articles on the general topic of “Computational Challenges for the 21st Century.” We plan to have a number of articles and essays on this subject throughout the year. In part, we’re building on the themes set in last year’s list of the “Top 10 Algorithms,” but we’re attempting to address some broader issues too. Some of the more scientific of these include identifying the barriers to achieving even more results through computation and examining whether we’re missing any new opportunities or ideas offered by computation. We also want to look at some social and economic issues, such as how US government policies related to computation will continue to evolve and if high‐speed communication and computation offer pure benefits with no drawbacks?","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74214857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1900, David Hilbert presented 23 problems at the International Congress of Mathematicians held in Paris. Hilbert’s problems spanned the spectrum from rather trivial (Problem 3 on the equality of the volumes of two tetrahedra) to the probably impossible (Problem 6 on the axiomatization of physics). Nonetheless, they challenged many of the leading scientists and mathematicians of the 20th century and set the tone for mathematical research, especially in the early part of the century.
{"title":"Guest Editors’ Introduction: Tomorrow’s Hardest Problems","authors":"G. Cybenko, F. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2001.10007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2001.10007","url":null,"abstract":"In 1900, David Hilbert presented 23 problems at the International Congress of Mathematicians held in Paris. Hilbert’s problems spanned the spectrum from rather trivial (Problem 3 on the equality of the volumes of two tetrahedra) to the probably impossible (Problem 6 on the axiomatization of physics). Nonetheless, they challenged many of the leading scientists and mathematicians of the 20th century and set the tone for mathematical research, especially in the early part of the century.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78670417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human beings, equipped with more genes than lesser creatures, are consequently smarter than other beasts. Right? Wrong. A frantic competition between two philosophies for deciphering the entire human genome has, in one of its important accomplishments, deflated this long‐standing presumption. Both competitors agree on an estimate that humans have about 30,000 genes, which is roughly the same as a mouse’s inventory of genes and well below earlier estimates of as much as 100,000 human genes. Furthermore, humans possess only 300 genes not found in mice.
{"title":"The Crucial 0.1 Percent Difference","authors":"N. Smith","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2001.10005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2001.10005","url":null,"abstract":"Human beings, equipped with more genes than lesser creatures, are consequently smarter than other beasts. Right? Wrong. A frantic competition between two philosophies for deciphering the entire human genome has, in one of its important accomplishments, deflated this long‐standing presumption. Both competitors agree on an estimate that humans have about 30,000 genes, which is roughly the same as a mouse’s inventory of genes and well below earlier estimates of as much as 100,000 human genes. Furthermore, humans possess only 300 genes not found in mice.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86610167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, field-theory scientists tackle most contemporary research problems numerically, not analytically. For this purpose, the field-theory community has developed, combined, and described numerous...
{"title":"Scientific programming in field theory, part 1","authors":"HannemannRegina, HannemannJens, ZellerhoffMichael, KlinkenbuschLudger","doi":"10.5555/377269.377287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5555/377269.377287","url":null,"abstract":"Today, field-theory scientists tackle most contemporary research problems numerically, not analytically. For this purpose, the field-theory community has developed, combined, and described numerous...","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83874267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Relativity and quantum theory, the two dramatic advances in physics of the 20th century, are subtle, highly counterintuitive, and mathematical in a fundamental way. In fact, relativity and quantum theory can force one to rethink one's view of the nature of physical reality and ask questions such as "What does 'simultaneous' mean?" "Can one know the precise coordinates of a physical object?" and even "Is that cat alive or dead?" These are good questions which are well worth asking and which might lead to deeper understanding. On the other hand, asking the questions blindly can result in confusion and fuzzy pictures of what's actually happening. The confusion can be entertaining and might even result in popularizations with great titles, such as "Entering the quantum world of self-realization by way of the hidden door" or "Relativity: the story of mass and how to control it (a weight-management method for the postmodern epoch!)" But there's a downside, too.
{"title":"Do the Math","authors":"F. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/MCSE.2001.10002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2001.10002","url":null,"abstract":"Relativity and quantum theory, the two dramatic advances in physics of the 20th century, are subtle, highly counterintuitive, and mathematical in a fundamental way. In fact, relativity and quantum theory can force one to rethink one's view of the nature of physical reality and ask questions such as \"What does 'simultaneous' mean?\" \"Can one know the precise coordinates of a physical object?\" and even \"Is that cat alive or dead?\" These are good questions which are well worth asking and which might lead to deeper understanding. On the other hand, asking the questions blindly can result in confusion and fuzzy pictures of what's actually happening. The confusion can be entertaining and might even result in popularizations with great titles, such as \"Entering the quantum world of self-realization by way of the hidden door\" or \"Relativity: the story of mass and how to control it (a weight-management method for the postmodern epoch!)\" But there's a downside, too.","PeriodicalId":100659,"journal":{"name":"IMPACT of Computing in Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82606470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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