International Journal of Transport Management最新文献

Vehicles spend more time near junctions and intersections in different driving modes, i.e., queuing, decelerating or accelerating and thus generating more pollutants than at road links [Claggett, M., Shrock, J., Noll, K.E., 1981. Carbon monoxide near an urban intersection. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1633–1642]. As a result, the receptors in these urban corridors are prone to frequent exposures of high pollutant concentrations (episodic conditions). In order to predict such ‘episodes’, an air quality model, capable of estimating the entire range (middle and extremes) of pollutant concentration distribution is needed. Hybrid models (combining deterministic and statistical distribution models) have demonstrated the ability to predict the entire range of pollutant concentrations in such co mplex dispersion situations with reasonable accuracy [Jakeman, A., Simpson, R.W., Taylor, J.A., 1988. Modelling distributions of air pollutant concentrations-III: Hybrid modelling deterministic-statistical distributions. Atmos. Environ. 22 (1) 163–174]. The present paper reviews the relevant deterministic and stochastic based vehicular exhaust emission models that may be hybridized and thus generate a hybrid model with improved prediction accuracy. The paper also describes the implications of hybrid models in formulating the Episodic-Urban Air Quality Management Plan (e-UAQMP).

This paper examines the growth of Ryanair, Europe’s largest new entrant airline since deregulation. The sustainability of the Ryanair product is examined, including: acceptability to passengers, the use of secondary airports, labour productivity and use of outsourcing, corporate culture, policy environment and legal and policy obstacles. The growth of the airline is expected to continue because of the popularity of low fares, the willingness of passengers to forego traditional airline services in order to avail of low fares and the ability of Ryanair to control and reduce costs.

The Strategic Rail Authority (SRA) provides the backbone to rail regulation in Great Britain. As part of its responsibilities, the SRA monitors overcrowding on trains which it measures in terms of the proportion of passengers on trains in excess of the seat capacity for longer distance services, and with an allowance for standing passengers on shorter journeys of less than 20 min. Overcrowding on Britain's railways fell during the early 1990s but has been on the increase since 1996 with particularly acute problems in the morning peak for services travelling to London. In a study conducted on behalf of the SRA we developed the PRAISE rail operations model to include penalties for overcrowding based upon journey purpose, journey time and degree of overcrowding. Using demand, fares and timetable information for an actual case study route, we examine how fares and ticketing restrictions can be set to manage demand throughout the day without significantly reducing the overall demand for rail travel.

Transport systems in the UK are facing severe problems of congestion, rising energy use and pollution. One response to this is the move from local authorities to gradually introduce Travel Demand Management (TDM)¹ strategies, but these measures involve a complicated set of institutions, processes, people and procedures.

The old road-building transport policy regime involved a relatively simple system of actors and processes around which expertise, knowledge, and skills had built up over many decades. The result of this is particularly evident for more radical demand management measures (such as congestion charging, workplace parking fees and high occupancy vehicle lanes), which often get held up or discarded due to controversy, disagreements, unanticipated problems, and a whole host of delaying factors. If they ever get implemented, they tend to be watered-down and consequently less effective.

One potential way to analyse these problems and identify possible solutions is the use of Strategic Niche Management (SNM). SNM is rooted in organisational innovation diffusion theory and provides a structure to evaluate and manage the introduction of new and innovative transport technologies. This paper introduces Strategic Niche Management and explores transferring this technique for evaluating TDM policy measures. The resulting technique is applied retrospectively to the case of the Durham Road Charging scheme, selected as an example for this paper.

This paper examines several organizational governance options for CapWIN, an in-vehicle multi-jurisdictional communications and information system to be used by law enforcement, transportation, and public safety fleets in the Washington DC national capital region. The paper identifies and describes various organizational governance options for CapWIN, along with their institutional, constitutional, organizational, and financial characteristics and dynamics. An overview examination of various governance options is presented, including models and examples from across the country. From among these options, two structures are suggested as the most promising governance candidates. The research findings focus on the highest-potential candidate, the Interstate Compact Agreement and Organization.

This paper investigates whether the effectiveness of airline strategies has changed in recent years. For the analysis, data were collected via a questionnaire-based survey among European airline managers. Such data allow for uncovering alterations in the strategies of European carriers before they actually come into effect. A key finding is that the perceived effectiveness of several strategies has changed significantly. The type of changes suggests that conventional airlines start to adapt means traditionally applied by low-cost carriers only.

Intermodal transport chains consist of many actors and it is inherently difficult for a user to obtain an insight on the real progress of their transport at any moment or to interpret the consequences of a deviation. Based upon the results of a European Union financed project a user-friendly and technologically advanced method is proposed for trip information and data, transfer and analysis. This is based upon a “Transport Transaction data set”, which includes as a “Management Summary” all essential data for the transport: i.e. the information on the planned and real locations and times of the cargo. “Coupling” of several chains is foreseen. The data is represented as a eXtended Markup Language (XML) document. This approach is less error-prone than the common strategy of distributing individual status messages about transport events relying on each party to maintain an historical record and drawing conclusions from it. The proposed system for Simple Intermodal Tracking and Tracing Solutions (SITS), is a typical example of the information aggregation needed for the next generation of distributed transport information systems. The system presented here has been developed and demonstrated in pilot form.

This paper considers the engineer's, economist's, manager's, and planner's perspectives on transportation efficiency respectively. This paper examines the measures used in each perspective and weighs their advantages and disadvantages for various purposes. It illustrates each measure with an example drawn from the case of the Twin Cities ramp metering shut off. The first section summarizes various measures of mobility that are used to assess transportation. This is followed by an exposition of transportation consumer surplus and its limitations. Similar treatment of accessibility and productivity are provided. The conclusions call for consideration of equity in addition to efficiency when evaluating broader effectiveness and for taking the subjective point of view of the traveler rather than the “objective” point of view of the omniscient planner/engineer/economist/manager.