Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2024.100047
Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury, Venkatesh Muthukumar, Rudradip Das, Amit Shard
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is an essential enzyme in cellular metabolism, playing a key role in regulating glycolysis. It has garnered significant attention in cancer research and is also implicated in the development of various chronic inflammatory conditions. As a result, PKM2 has become a target for drug discovery, with efforts focused on developing inhibitors and activators to modulate its activity. This review discusses various assays used to identify and validate these compounds. Enzyme-based assays help to evaluate PKM2 activity by monitoring substrate conversion. Techniques like dynamic laser light scattering spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance assess the interactions and stability of PKM2 with potential drugs. Cell-based assays measure PKM2 expression levels across different cellular contexts. Additional, methods such as fluorescence titration and mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyze binding affinity and structural changes of PKM2 upon drug interaction. Metabolic assays, including oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), are employed to evaluate the functional effects of PKM2 modulation on cellular metabolism. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these methodologies to enhance the understanding of PKM2's role and facilitate the discovery of therapeutic agents targeting this important enzyme.
{"title":"A comprehensive analysis of screening assays for identifying pyruvate kinase M2 modulators","authors":"Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury, Venkatesh Muthukumar, Rudradip Das, Amit Shard","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2024.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2024.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is an essential enzyme in cellular metabolism, playing a key role in regulating glycolysis. It has garnered significant attention in cancer research and is also implicated in the development of various chronic inflammatory conditions. As a result, PKM2 has become a target for drug discovery, with efforts focused on developing inhibitors and activators to modulate its activity. This review discusses various assays used to identify and validate these compounds. Enzyme-based assays help to evaluate PKM2 activity by monitoring substrate conversion. Techniques like dynamic laser light scattering spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance assess the interactions and stability of PKM2 with potential drugs. Cell-based assays measure PKM2 expression levels across different cellular contexts. Additional, methods such as fluorescence titration and mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyze binding affinity and structural changes of PKM2 upon drug interaction. Metabolic assays, including oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), are employed to evaluate the functional effects of PKM2 modulation on cellular metabolism. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these methodologies to enhance the understanding of PKM2's role and facilitate the discovery of therapeutic agents targeting this important enzyme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100072
Ludivine Ferey, Sandy Al Bardawil, Emilie Dols, Aurore Guédin, Viet-Ha Phan, Philippe Barthélémy, Jeanne Leblond Chain
The clinical development of lipid nanoparticles encapsulating small interfering RNA (siRNA-LNP) requires robust and efficient analytical methods for quality assessment. In this study, we investigated the chromatographic profiles of siRNAs using Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase (IP-RP) HPLC at six different temperatures, including the melting temperature of duplexes, on two RP columns. The column temperature was identified as a critical parameter influencing chromatographic profiles, with characteristic profiles evolving in a temperature-dependent manner, corresponding to the melting temperatures (Tm) of the two siRNA duplexes analyzed, across both tested columns. Moreover, the siRNA dissociation observed on the columns was consistent with the melting temperatures of the duplexes measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy under HPLC mobile phase conditions. An IP-RPHPLC method using 100 mM TEAA with ACN and a column temperature of 80 °C, above the Tm of the analyzed duplexes, was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of siRNAs in LNP formulations. A simple, one-step sample preparation was employed by directly adding a neutral surfactant to the LNP samples before injection. This method proved highly accurate, as shown by a 100 % recovery of siRNA immediately following microfluidic formulation. Additionally, the impact of the dialysis purification process on siRNA recovery was assessed, revealing a 30 % loss of siRNA. Importantly, the results obtained from this method were consistent with those from the fluorescence reference method. This method helps improve the quality control of siRNA-LNP therapeutics, thereby enhancing their clinical translation potential and supporting the development of next-generation RNA-based therapies.
脂质纳米颗粒封装小干扰RNA （siRNA-LNP）的临床开发需要可靠和有效的分析方法来进行质量评估。在本研究中，我们使用离子对反相（IP-RP）高效液相色谱法研究了sirna在六种不同温度下的色谱图谱，包括双相物的熔化温度，在两根RP柱上。柱温被确定为影响色谱图谱的关键参数，其特征图谱以温度依赖的方式演变，对应于两种测试柱上分析的两种siRNA双链物的熔化温度（Tm）。此外，柱上观察到的siRNA解离与HPLC流动相条件下紫外可见光谱测量的双相物的熔化温度一致。采用100 mM TEAA加ACN，柱温80°C，高于分析的双链物的Tm， IP-RPHPLC方法成功地用于LNP制剂中sirna的定量测定。通过在LNP样品中直接加入中性表面活性剂进行简单的一步样品制备。该方法被证明是高度准确的，正如在微流体配方后立即回收100 %的siRNA所示。此外，我们还评估了透析纯化过程对siRNA恢复的影响，结果显示siRNA损失了30% %。重要的是，该方法得到的结果与荧光参比法一致。该方法有助于提高siRNA-LNP疗法的质量控制，从而增强其临床翻译潜力，并支持下一代rna疗法的发展。
{"title":"Therapeutic siRNA quantification in lipid nanoparticles using ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography","authors":"Ludivine Ferey, Sandy Al Bardawil, Emilie Dols, Aurore Guédin, Viet-Ha Phan, Philippe Barthélémy, Jeanne Leblond Chain","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The clinical development of lipid nanoparticles encapsulating small interfering RNA (siRNA-LNP) requires robust and efficient analytical methods for quality assessment. In this study, we investigated the chromatographic profiles of siRNAs using Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase (IP-RP) HPLC at six different temperatures, including the melting temperature of duplexes, on two RP columns. The column temperature was identified as a critical parameter influencing chromatographic profiles, with characteristic profiles evolving in a temperature-dependent manner, corresponding to the melting temperatures (T<sub>m</sub>) of the two siRNA duplexes analyzed, across both tested columns. Moreover, the siRNA dissociation observed on the columns was consistent with the melting temperatures of the duplexes measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy under HPLC mobile phase conditions. An IP-RPHPLC method using 100 mM TEAA with ACN and a column temperature of 80 °C, above the T<sub>m</sub> of the analyzed duplexes, was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of siRNAs in LNP formulations. A simple, one-step sample preparation was employed by directly adding a neutral surfactant to the LNP samples before injection. This method proved highly accurate, as shown by a 100 % recovery of siRNA immediately following microfluidic formulation. Additionally, the impact of the dialysis purification process on siRNA recovery was assessed, revealing a 30 % loss of siRNA. Importantly, the results obtained from this method were consistent with those from the fluorescence reference method. This method helps improve the quality control of siRNA-LNP therapeutics, thereby enhancing their clinical translation potential and supporting the development of next-generation RNA-based therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100055
Tuba Arif , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Mehmet Altay Unal , Esen Bellur Atici , Sibel A. Ozkan
Ibrutinib (IBR) is a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor that is being used to treat refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Detecting lower levels of IBR in humans could significantly contribute to different areas of research, such as drug delivery. In this work, an electrochemical sensor was designed using a molecularly imprinted polymer on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the selective and sensitive determination of IBR. A polymeric film was obtained on the GCE surface by photopolymerization (PP) method using template molecule IBR, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the sensor's morphological and electrochemical characteristics. In addition, the parameters affecting the MIP were optimized. For the first time, a MIP-based electrochemical sensor was designed to determine IBR. Low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 6.13 × 10−14 and 2.04 × 10−13 M were obtained, respectively. The developed sensor detected IBR at least 3 times more selectively than similar substances (pemetrexed (PEM), tofacitinib (TOF), and ruxolitinib (RUX)). IBR detection was investigated in biological samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Furthermore, the sensor successfully distinguished IBR from compounds with similar structures, demonstrating great selectivity.
{"title":"Design of a MIP-based electrochemical sensor for sensitive and selective detection of anti-cancer drug ibrutinib in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids","authors":"Tuba Arif , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Mehmet Altay Unal , Esen Bellur Atici , Sibel A. Ozkan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ibrutinib (IBR) is a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor that is being used to treat refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Detecting lower levels of IBR in humans could significantly contribute to different areas of research, such as drug delivery. In this work, an electrochemical sensor was designed using a molecularly imprinted polymer on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the selective and sensitive determination of IBR. A polymeric film was obtained on the GCE surface by photopolymerization (PP) method using template molecule IBR, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the sensor's morphological and electrochemical characteristics. In addition, the parameters affecting the MIP were optimized. For the first time, a MIP-based electrochemical sensor was designed to determine IBR. Low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 6.13 × 10<sup>−14</sup> and 2.04 × 10<sup>−13</sup> M were obtained, respectively. The developed sensor detected IBR at least 3 times more selectively than similar substances (pemetrexed (PEM), tofacitinib (TOF), and ruxolitinib (RUX)). IBR detection was investigated in biological samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Furthermore, the sensor successfully distinguished IBR from compounds with similar structures, demonstrating great selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2024.100049
Mesut Kaplan , Lokman Uzun
In this review, we have focused our attention on figuring out the intriguing potential of upconversion nanoparticles. For this aim, the properties of upconversion nanoparticles were summarized in terms of photoelectrochemical analysis and their sensing and treating cancers. Furthermore, the basic principles and advantages of their luminescent properties were pointed out as well as emphasizing their possibilities to incorporate into the emerging composite materials. Moreover, the strategies for their surface functionalities for targeting cancer tissues and simultaneous imaging and treating methods. In the end, the potential of telomerase concerning early cancer diagnosis was compiled.
{"title":"Upconversion nanoparticles in biomedical applications: Its potential for early diagnosis of cancer and telomeric activity","authors":"Mesut Kaplan , Lokman Uzun","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2024.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2024.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, we have focused our attention on figuring out the intriguing potential of upconversion nanoparticles. For this aim, the properties of upconversion nanoparticles were summarized in terms of photoelectrochemical analysis and their sensing and treating cancers. Furthermore, the basic principles and advantages of their luminescent properties were pointed out as well as emphasizing their possibilities to incorporate into the emerging composite materials. Moreover, the strategies for their surface functionalities for targeting cancer tissues and simultaneous imaging and treating methods. In the end, the potential of telomerase concerning early cancer diagnosis was compiled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100073
Yugao Guo , Xiaoxiao Niu , Boyu Li , Pei Liu , Youqing Sun , Sumin Lu
In this study, a polydopamine-coated magnetite/silica composite material (Fe3O4@SiO2/PDA) was successfully synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By integrating EM-MSPE with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a novel EM-MSPE-HPLC method was established for the sensitive and accurate determination of Sudan I-IV dyes. Key experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, inorganic salt concentration, adsorption time, voltage, eluent type, eluent volume, and desorption time, were systematically investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² > 0.999) within a concentration range of 5–1000 μg L⁻¹, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.11 to 0.17 μg L⁻¹. The recoveries of Sudan dyes in real samples ranged from 89.1 % to 101.9 %, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.3 % and 3.6 %. Furthermore, the Fe3O4@SiO2/PDA adsorbent exhibited consistent performance over ten consecutive extraction cycles without significant loss in recovery efficiency. These findings demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate, reliable, and reproducible for the simultaneous determination of Sudan dyes in complex beverage matrices, offering a robust analytical approach for food safety applications.
本研究成功合成了一种聚多巴胺包覆磁铁矿/二氧化硅复合材料（Fe3O4@SiO2/PDA），并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、x射线衍射（XRD）和x射线光电子能谱（XPS）对其进行了表征。将EM-MSPE与高效液相色谱（HPLC）相结合，建立了灵敏、准确测定苏丹红I-IV染料的EM-MSPE-HPLC新方法。对吸附剂用量、pH、无机盐浓度、吸附时间、电压、洗脱液类型、洗脱液体积、脱附时间等关键实验参数进行了系统的考察和优化。在最佳条件下，该方法具有良好的线性(R²>；0.999)，浓度范围为5-1000 μg L -⁻¹，检测限（lod）范围为0.11至0.17 μg L -⁻¹。苏丹红染料在实际样品中的回收率为89.1 % ~ 101.9 %，相对标准偏差（rsd）为0.3 % ~ 3.6 %。此外，Fe3O4@SiO2/PDA吸附剂在连续10次萃取循环中表现出一致的性能，且回收率没有明显下降。这些结果表明，该方法准确、可靠、可重复性好，可用于复杂饮料基质中苏丹红染料的同时测定，为食品安全应用提供了可靠的分析方法。
{"title":"Magnetic solid-phase extraction of Sudan dyes from beverages-coated magnetite/silica materials","authors":"Yugao Guo , Xiaoxiao Niu , Boyu Li , Pei Liu , Youqing Sun , Sumin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a polydopamine-coated magnetite/silica composite material (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>/PDA) was successfully synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By integrating EM-MSPE with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a novel EM-MSPE-HPLC method was established for the sensitive and accurate determination of Sudan I-IV dyes. Key experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, inorganic salt concentration, adsorption time, voltage, eluent type, eluent volume, and desorption time, were systematically investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² > 0.999) within a concentration range of 5–1000 μg L⁻¹, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.11 to 0.17 μg L⁻¹. The recoveries of Sudan dyes in real samples ranged from 89.1 % to 101.9 %, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.3 % and 3.6 %. Furthermore, the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>/PDA adsorbent exhibited consistent performance over ten consecutive extraction cycles without significant loss in recovery efficiency. These findings demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate, reliable, and reproducible for the simultaneous determination of Sudan dyes in complex beverage matrices, offering a robust analytical approach for food safety applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100071
Sahera Saleh , Habib Alkalamouni , Karen Antar , Joe Rahme , Michel Kazan , Pierre Karam , Jit Muthuswamy , Hassan Zaraket , Massoud L. Khraiche
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and affordable diagnostic tests, especially in resource-limited settings. While RT-qPCR remains the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection, it is expensive and requires specialized equipment. Antigen-based tests, though faster, lack sufficient sensitivity. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a platform that combines the rapidity of antigen tests with the sensitivity of molecular tests. In this work, we address this problem by developing a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) biosensor for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins. We designed a QCM biosensor with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based surface functionalization, which significantly improves sensitivity and specificity. The platform achieved a detection limit of 53.3 TCID50/mL and a sensitivity of 0.263 Hz/ TCID50/mL, with results available in approximately 15 min. Cross-reactivity tests with Influenza A demonstrated its high specificity for SARS-CoV-2. Comprehensive surface characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Digital Holographic Microscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy confirmed the stability and integrity of the functionalized sensor surface. The platform is cost-effective, scalable, and designed for ease of use in resource-limited settings. This work presents the first open-source QCM biosensing platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection that combines high sensitivity, rapid results, and affordability. It offers a deployable solution for COVID-19 diagnostics, particularly in underserved regions, and is adaptable for future pandemic preparedness.
{"title":"“Quartz crystal microbalance-based biosensor for rapid and ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection\"","authors":"Sahera Saleh , Habib Alkalamouni , Karen Antar , Joe Rahme , Michel Kazan , Pierre Karam , Jit Muthuswamy , Hassan Zaraket , Massoud L. Khraiche","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and affordable diagnostic tests, especially in resource-limited settings. While RT-qPCR remains the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection, it is expensive and requires specialized equipment. Antigen-based tests, though faster, lack sufficient sensitivity. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a platform that combines the rapidity of antigen tests with the sensitivity of molecular tests. In this work, we address this problem by developing a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) biosensor for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins. We designed a QCM biosensor with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based surface functionalization, which significantly improves sensitivity and specificity. The platform achieved a detection limit of 53.3 TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL and a sensitivity of 0.263 Hz/ TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL, with results available in approximately 15 min. Cross-reactivity tests with Influenza A demonstrated its high specificity for SARS-CoV-2. Comprehensive surface characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Digital Holographic Microscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy confirmed the stability and integrity of the functionalized sensor surface. The platform is cost-effective, scalable, and designed for ease of use in resource-limited settings. This work presents the first open-source QCM biosensing platform for SARS-CoV-2 detection that combines high sensitivity, rapid results, and affordability. It offers a deployable solution for COVID-19 diagnostics, particularly in underserved regions, and is adaptable for future pandemic preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100077
Elsa Maria Materón , Liana Melo Lins de Azevedo , Juliana Martins Dias , Ketley Caroline Rocha Pereira , Gustavo Miguel Sousa , Matheus Santos Dias , Camila Marchetti Maroneze , Daiane Dias , Cecilia de Carvalho Castro Silva
As biosensors and biomedical devices gain increasing importance in everyday diagnostics and health status monitoring, the need to develop and improve their reliability and versatility becomes more pronounced. In this context, the search for new materials for biosensors and biomedical devices has intensified, leading to the emergence of laser-induced graphene (LIG) as a promising candidate. LIG's environmentally sustainable nature, cost-effectiveness, and significant potential for large-scale graphene production and directed writing electronics circuits make it very interesting. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms and precursor materials involved in LIG production, strategies to enhance graphene properties through the in-situ generation of hybrid materials via direct laser writing, and the crucial role of LIG in the development of cost-effective, point-of-care, and wearable devices for medical diagnosis and real-time health status monitoring.
{"title":"Advancing biomedical analysis: Harnessing laser-induced graphene for next-gen of low-cost sensor technology","authors":"Elsa Maria Materón , Liana Melo Lins de Azevedo , Juliana Martins Dias , Ketley Caroline Rocha Pereira , Gustavo Miguel Sousa , Matheus Santos Dias , Camila Marchetti Maroneze , Daiane Dias , Cecilia de Carvalho Castro Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As biosensors and biomedical devices gain increasing importance in everyday diagnostics and health status monitoring, the need to develop and improve their reliability and versatility becomes more pronounced. In this context, the search for new materials for biosensors and biomedical devices has intensified, leading to the emergence of laser-induced graphene (LIG) as a promising candidate. LIG's environmentally sustainable nature, cost-effectiveness, and significant potential for large-scale graphene production and directed writing electronics circuits make it very interesting. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms and precursor materials involved in LIG production, strategies to enhance graphene properties through the <em>in-situ</em> generation of hybrid materials via direct laser writing, and the crucial role of LIG in the development of cost-effective, point-of-care, and wearable devices for medical diagnosis and real-time health status monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100074
Atefeh Rahimzadeh , Abrisham Arjomandkhah , Mohammad Ali Kiani, Hamed Golmohammadi
The high reproducibility and reliability of optical biosensors, alongside the extraordinarily features of interstitial fluid (ISF) as a promising biological fluid with blood-like composition and yet noninvasive or minimally invasive sampling, have led to the development of a variety of the ISF-based optical biosensors for diagnostic and health monitoring applications. In the present review, while introducing ISF, its characteristics, and the methods developed for its sampling, various types of optical biosensors developed so far for the colorimetric, fluorometric, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy determination of (bio)chemical compounds in ISF are reviewed. Lastly, future prospects and views on the main challenges facing the further development of ISF-based optical biosensors are delineated. Building upon the extraordinary features of ISF-based optical biosensors as highly promising and potential biosensors, we anticipate that they will be greatly welcomed and many of the existing blood-based optical biosensors will be replaced by ISF-based ones in the near future.
{"title":"Interstitial fluid-based optical biosensors","authors":"Atefeh Rahimzadeh , Abrisham Arjomandkhah , Mohammad Ali Kiani, Hamed Golmohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high reproducibility and reliability of optical biosensors, alongside the extraordinarily features of interstitial fluid (ISF) as a promising biological fluid with blood-like composition and yet noninvasive or minimally invasive sampling, have led to the development of a variety of the ISF-based optical biosensors for diagnostic and health monitoring applications. In the present review, while introducing ISF, its characteristics, and the methods developed for its sampling, various types of optical biosensors developed so far for the colorimetric, fluorometric, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy determination of (bio)chemical compounds in ISF are reviewed. Lastly, future prospects and views on the main challenges facing the further development of ISF-based optical biosensors are delineated. Building upon the extraordinary features of ISF-based optical biosensors as highly promising and potential biosensors, we anticipate that they will be greatly welcomed and many of the existing blood-based optical biosensors will be replaced by ISF-based ones in the near future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study incorporates an efficient facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQD-CK) using the de-oiled copra cake biowaste. The synthesized quantum dots have showed good bioimaging with distinguished fluorescence cell properties with bacterial cultures (Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes), and yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Throughout the zebrafish's embryonic stages, the synthesized CQD-CK displayed unique fluorescence, indicating the CQD-CKs' increased binding affinities towards the zebrafish's tissues. The optical (UV, PL and FT-IR) and morphological studies (Zeta Potential (ZP), HR-TEM, SEM-EDAX, XRD, Raman spectroscopy) of the synthesized CQD-CK, further confirms the quantum nature of the synthesized CQD-CK (0.262nm through FFT). This work shows that the optical and morphological properties of the synthesized CQD-CK, as well as their synchronized outcomes in the bacterial and live zebrafish embryo and larval imaging, may make them a valuable probe in drug screening, medical research, and toxicological studies.
{"title":"Synthesis of carbon quantum dots from “De-oiled copra cake” by hydrothermal mechanism: In the realm of bioimaging","authors":"Brindha Matharasi Murugan , Suneesha Vazhangodan Abdul Saleem , Gopi Palani Selvan , T. Siva Vijayakumar , Sowmiya Prakash , Gnanadesigan Murugesan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study incorporates an efficient facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQD-CK) using the de-oiled copra cake biowaste. The synthesized quantum dots have showed good bioimaging with distinguished fluorescence cell properties with bacterial cultures (<em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em>), and yeast cells (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>). Throughout the zebrafish's embryonic stages, the synthesized CQD-CK displayed unique fluorescence, indicating the CQD-CKs' increased binding affinities towards the zebrafish's tissues. The optical (UV, PL and FT-IR) and morphological studies (Zeta Potential (ZP), HR-TEM, SEM-EDAX, XRD, Raman spectroscopy) of the synthesized CQD-CK, further confirms the quantum nature of the synthesized CQD-CK (0.262nm through FFT). This work shows that the optical and morphological properties of the synthesized CQD-CK, as well as their synchronized outcomes in the bacterial and live zebrafish embryo and larval imaging, may make them a valuable probe in drug screening, medical research, and toxicological studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100063
Cristian Rafael Andriolli , Mariele Samuel Nascimento , Alessandra Schneider Henn , Eder Lisandro Moraes Flores , Erico Marlon Moraes Flores , Rochele Sogari Picoloto
In this study, a reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (RP-DLLME) method was proposed for the subsequent determination of elemental impurities of class 1 (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) and class 2 A (Co, Ni, and V) in oily pharmaceutical excipients, as recommended by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guideline Q3D. Analyte determination was carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Operational parameters were evaluated, including dispersant and extractant solvents, total volume and proportion of the extraction solution, sample mass, temperature, heating time, centrifugation, and stirring. Suitable results were obtained using a high sample mass (5 g), 2 mL of 50:50 % (v/v) of n-propanol:HNO3 (3 mol L−1 HNO3 for all analytes and 6 mol L−1 HCl only for Hg), heating at 85 °C for 20 min, stirring for 1 min, and centrifugation for 10 min. Accuracy was assessed using certified reference materials (CRMs) of mineral oil, comparison with a reference method (microwave-assisted wet digestion), and analyte recovery experiments at three concentration levels, following ICH Q3D recommendations and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines for injectable drugs. No statistical differences were observed in any of the accuracy assessments. The method achieved low quantification limits (LOQs) of 0.045, 0.006, 0.006, 0.009, 0.040, 0.020, and 0.102 µg g−1 for As, Cd, Co, Hg, Ni, Pb, and V, respectively, all of which were below the maximum levels allowed by the ICH guideline. The proposed method presented several advantages for routine analysis, including simplicity, high throughput, the use of diluted solutions, and minimal laboratory waste generation.
{"title":"A novel microextraction method for further elemental impurity determination in oily pharmaceutical excipients by ICP-MS","authors":"Cristian Rafael Andriolli , Mariele Samuel Nascimento , Alessandra Schneider Henn , Eder Lisandro Moraes Flores , Erico Marlon Moraes Flores , Rochele Sogari Picoloto","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (RP-DLLME) method was proposed for the subsequent determination of elemental impurities of class 1 (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) and class 2 A (Co, Ni, and V) in oily pharmaceutical excipients, as recommended by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guideline Q3D. Analyte determination was carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Operational parameters were evaluated, including dispersant and extractant solvents, total volume and proportion of the extraction solution, sample mass, temperature, heating time, centrifugation, and stirring. Suitable results were obtained using a high sample mass (5 g), 2 mL of 50:50 % (v/v) of <em>n</em>-propanol:HNO<sub>3</sub> (3 mol L<sup>−1</sup> HNO<sub>3</sub> for all analytes and 6 mol L<sup>−1</sup> HCl only for Hg), heating at 85 °C for 20 min, stirring for 1 min, and centrifugation for 10 min. Accuracy was assessed using certified reference materials (CRMs) of mineral oil, comparison with a reference method (microwave-assisted wet digestion), and analyte recovery experiments at three concentration levels, following ICH Q3D recommendations and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines for injectable drugs. No statistical differences were observed in any of the accuracy assessments. The method achieved low quantification limits (LOQs) of 0.045, 0.006, 0.006, 0.009, 0.040, 0.020, and 0.102 µg g<sup>−1</sup> for As, Cd, Co, Hg, Ni, Pb, and V, respectively, all of which were below the maximum levels allowed by the ICH guideline. The proposed method presented several advantages for routine analysis, including simplicity, high throughput, the use of diluted solutions, and minimal laboratory waste generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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