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Studies concerning the biomonitoring of the degree of environmental pollution using a urea-sensitive enzymatic sensor 脲敏感酶传感器对环境污染程度的生物监测研究
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(2000)12:1<27::AID-LRA5>3.0.CO;2-U
Fiammetta Kormos, Adrienne Naumescu Lengauer

The biosensor, which determines the variation of the pH as a consequence of the hydrolysis process of urea, is composed of a biological receiver (the urease) and a potentiometric sensor (a metallic pH electrode, tungsten). Keeping in mind that the sensitivity of the sensor changes depending with the inhibitor concentration for urease (which is present in the water or in the soil), this could be used to determine the degree of pollution of the surface waters and of the soil. In this way it would be possible to establish the quantities of the urea utilized as chemical fertilizer.

In the present work, we present the investigation of the inhibition effect of the ions Pb2+, Fe2+, Sn2+, Zn2+ and Hg2+ toward the urea-sensitive biosensor. The determinations with samples of surface waters and soils in the presence of 10−1 M urea and one-minute contact time has demonstrated the possibility of monitoring the concentrations of these ions in the following domains: 10−2–10−6 M Fe2+; 10−2–10−6 M Zn2+; 10−4–10−6 M Pb2+. These limiting values are found if the cation is individually present. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 12:27–30, 2000

该生物传感器由生物接收器(脲酶)和电位传感器(金属pH电极,钨)组成,用于测定尿素水解过程中pH值的变化。请记住,传感器的灵敏度取决于脲酶抑制剂的浓度(存在于水中或土壤中),这可以用来确定地表水和土壤的污染程度。这样就有可能确定用作化肥的尿素的数量。在本工作中,我们研究了Pb2+、Fe2+、Sn2+、Zn2+和Hg2+离子对尿素敏感生物传感器的抑制作用。在10−1 M尿素和1分钟接触时间下对地表水和土壤样品的测定表明,可以在以下区域监测这些离子的浓度:10−2-10−6 M Fe2+;10−2-10−6 M Zn2+;10−4 ~ 10−6 M Pb2+。如果阳离子单独存在,就会发现这些极限值。©2000 John Wiley &儿子,Inc。实验室机器人与自动化,2000
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引用次数: 7
Slurry analysis by multichannel arc/spark emission spectrometry using a monosegmented system: Determination of aluminium in sediments 使用单节段系统的多通道电弧/火花发射光谱法进行浆液分析:沉积物中铝的测定
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(2000)12:1<46::AID-LRA9>3.0.CO;2-J
C. E. C. Magalhães, C. Pasquini, M. A. Z. Arruda

This work proposes a new approach for sediment analysis in which the sample is introduced as a slurry in an arc/spark emission spectrometer using a monosegmented system. The spectrometer has been modified to employ a 1024 photodiode-array detector capable of collecting intensities in a 18.7 nm wide wavelength window. Sediment slurries were prepared with 8.5–50 mg of the samples, grounded to a particle size less than 38 μm, transferred to a 50 mL volumetric flask in which 1 mL of conc. HNO3 and 300 μL of 10% m/v La (as La2O3; used as internal standard) were added. The slurry (25 μL) was introduced into the monosegmented system and transported by an air stream to a graphite rod in the existing arc/spark source. About 40 samples can be analyzed per hour. Results for reference materials show acceptable accuracy and precision for the proposed method. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 12:46–52, 2000

这项工作提出了一种新的沉积物分析方法,其中样品作为浆液引入电弧/火花发射光谱仪,使用单段系统。该光谱仪已被修改为采用1024光电二极管阵列探测器,能够收集18.7 nm宽波长窗口的强度。将8.5 - 50mg样品磨成粒径小于38 μm的沉淀物浆液,转移到50ml的容量瓶中,其中1ml的conc。HNO3和300 μL 10% m/v La(如La2O3);用作内标)。将浆料(25 μL)引入单节片系统,通过气流输送到现有电弧/火花源中的石墨棒上。每小时可分析约40个样品。对标准物质的测定结果表明,该方法具有良好的准确度和精密度。©2000 John Wiley &儿子,Inc。实验室机器人与自动化[j], 2000
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引用次数: 2
Automatic multicommutated flow system for ethanol determination in alcoholic beverages by spectrophotometry 用分光光度法测定酒精饮料中乙醇的自动多换向流系统
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(2000)12:1<31::AID-LRA6>3.0.CO;2-7
Ana Lucia D. Comitre, Boaventura F. Reis

In this work, we describe a automatic spectrophotometric procedure for ethanol determination in alcoholic beverages by employing a flow system based on a multicommutation and binary sampling approach. The method was based on ethanol oxidation by dichromate in sulfuric acid medium and detection by spectrophotometry. The procedure was applied to ethanol determination in sugar-cane spirit, whisky, and brandy. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the results with those obtained by densimetry for sugar-cane-spirit samples and by the standard-addition technique for whisky and brandy samples. In the first case, no significant difference at the 95% confidence level was observed and in the second case, recovery ranging from 95 to 109% was achieved. Other profitable features such as an analytical throughput of 40 determinations per hour, a relative standard deviation of 1.6% (n = 11) for a typical sample presenting 42.1% (v/v) ethanol, and a reagent consumption of 5.4 mg K2Cr2O7 per determination generating a low volume of waste per determination (3.3 mL) were also achieved. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 12:31–36, 2000

在这项工作中,我们描述了一种自动分光光度法测定酒精饮料中的乙醇,该方法采用基于多换流和二值采样方法的流动系统。该方法采用重铬酸盐在硫酸介质中乙醇氧化法和分光光度法检测。本方法适用于甘蔗酒、威士忌和白兰地中乙醇含量的测定。通过将结果与甘蔗酒样品的密度测定法和威士忌和白兰地样品的标准添加技术得到的结果进行比较,评估了准确性。在第一种情况下,在95%置信水平上没有观察到显着差异,在第二种情况下,恢复范围为95%至109%。其他有利的特点,如每小时40次测定的分析通量,对含有42.1% (v/v)乙醇的典型样品的相对标准偏差为1.6% (n = 11),每次测定的试剂消耗为5.4 mg K2Cr2O7,每次测定产生低体积的废物(3.3 mL)。©2000 John Wiley &儿子,Inc。实验室机器人与自动化[j], 2000
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引用次数: 12
Linear relationship between potential and concentration in flow potentiometry 流动电位法中电位与浓度的线性关系
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(2000)12:1<41::AID-LRA8>3.0.CO;2-0
José Anchieta Gomes Neto, Elias Ayres Guidetti Zagatto

In potentiometric-flow systems, linear-potential responses for logarithmic concentrations can be attained for first-(or pseudo-first-) order reactions in which the monitored chemical species react with the analyte during a fixed time interval. To demonstrate this property, the determination of glycerol based on its oxidation by periodate and potentiometric monitoring of the remaining periodate was selected. Influence of reagent concentration and timing on the linearity of the analytical curve were investigated. A mathematical treatment was derived, and potentialities/limitations of the approach were outlined. The system was applied to analysis of soap and lixivia samples. The analytical curve within 200 and 2000 mg L−1 (r = 0.99975; n = 5) was described as E = 8.166 + 0.0478 [glycerol]. The sample throughput was 100 h−1, and a measurement repeatability within 0.5 mV was always observed. By applying a t-test, there was no statistical difference between the results obtained by the proposed procedure and by iodimetric titration at the 95% confidence level. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 12:41–45, 2000

在电位流系统中,一级(或准一级)反应可以获得对数浓度的线性电位响应,其中被监测的化学物质在固定的时间间隔内与被分析物发生反应。为了证明这一性质,甘油的测定是基于其被高碘酸盐氧化和剩余高碘酸盐的电位监测。考察了试剂浓度和时间对分析曲线线性的影响。推导了一种数学处理方法,并概述了该方法的潜力/局限性。该系统应用于肥皂和浸提液样品的分析。在200和2000 mg L−1范围内的分析曲线(r = 0.99975;n = 5)表示E = 8.166 + 0.0478[甘油]。样品通量为100 h−1,在0.5 mV内始终观察到测量重复性。通过应用t检验,在95%的置信水平上,所提出的程序和碘滴定法获得的结果之间没有统计学差异。©2000 John Wiley &儿子,Inc。实验室机器人与自动化,2000
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引用次数: 2
A computer-controlled battery-powered micropotentiostat 一种由计算机控制的电池供电的微型电位器
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(2000)12:1<53::AID-LRA10>3.0.CO;2-U
Mario R. Romero, Juan M. Marioli

The design of a battery-powered computer-controlled micropotentiostat is described. This micropotentiostat was developed as an amperometric detector for flow-injection analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. It is based on micropower operational amplifiers, powered by two standard 9 V batteries, and controlled by a personal computer through a commercial Analog-to-Digital–Digital-to-Analog acquisition card.

The analog and digital ports of the card allowed the implementation of automation in the selection of the measuring current range, baseline level compensation, and switching control of the batteries and electrochemical cell. The control software was written using the Turbo C++ language. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 12:53–58, 2000

介绍了一种由电池供电的微机控制的微型恒电位器的设计。该微型恒电位器是一种用于流动注射分析和高效液相色谱的安培检测器。它基于微功率运算放大器,由两个标准的9 V电池供电,并通过商用模数-数模采集卡由个人计算机控制。该卡的模拟和数字端口允许在选择测量电流范围、基线电平补偿和电池和电化学电池的开关控制方面实现自动化。控制软件采用Turbo c++语言编写。©2000 John Wiley &儿子,Inc。实验室机器人与自动化(12):53 - 58,2000
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引用次数: 1
Design of a robotic workstation for automated organic synthesis 自动化有机合成机器人工作站的设计
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(2000)12:1<2::AID-LRA2>3.0.CO;2-K
Hideho Okamoto, Kohji Deuchi

A robotic workstation for automated organic synthesis was developed. The system consists of a computer, robot, and several devices (reaction device, separation device, dispense device, etc.). The reaction device has four temperature-regulation units, each of which can freely change its set reaction temperature. Since each of the four can handle four reaction containers, 16 reactions under different conditions can be done simultaneously. The range of reaction temperature is from −30°C to 160°C. Reactions beyond the boiling points of solvents are possible by using reflux condensers. The separation processing device automatically performs solution extraction operations based on the detected liquid levels and interface positions. The dispensing device automatically pumps various kinds and amounts of reagents and/or solvents at various speeds into the reaction containers by switching valves through the digital syringe pump. This system can automate all synthesis and analysis process and can perform at least 3000 experiments (3000 containers) per year. Since its completion in 1996, it has conducted over 1500 experiments of various kinds. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 12:2–11, 2000

研制了一种自动化有机合成机器人工作站。该系统由计算机、机器人和若干设备(反应装置、分离装置、分配装置等)组成。反应装置有四个温度调节单元,每个温度调节单元可以自由改变其设定的反应温度。由于4个反应容器中的每一个都可以处理4个反应容器,因此在不同条件下可以同时进行16个反应。反应温度范围为- 30℃~ 160℃。使用回流冷凝器可以使溶剂沸点以上的反应成为可能。分离处理装置根据检测到的液位和界面位置自动进行溶液提取操作。该点胶装置通过数字注射泵通过开关阀自动将各种种类和数量的试剂和/或溶剂以各种速度泵入反应容器中。该系统可自动化所有合成和分析过程,每年可进行至少3000次实验(3000个容器)。自1996年建成以来,共开展各类实验1500余项。©2000 John Wiley &儿子,Inc。实验室机器人与自动化,2000
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引用次数: 10
Editorial notes 社论指出
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(2000)12:1<1::AID-LRA1>3.0.CO;2-Q
W. Jeffrey Hurst Ph.D., FAIC
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引用次数: 0
On the DZ molecular descriptors 在DZ分子描述符上
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(2000)12:1<37::AID-LRA7>3.0.CO;2-N
D. Zakarya, M. Nohair, H. Nyassi

In this article, we give some information about the computation and the selectivity of DZ descriptors for a set of chemical structures. The relations between the descriptors, autocorrelation components, and Wiener's index are given. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 12:37–40, 2000

本文给出了一组化学结构的DZ描述符的计算和选择性的一些信息。给出了描述子、自相关分量和维纳指数之间的关系。©2000 John Wiley &儿子,Inc。实验室机器人与自动化,2000:37 - 40
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive and flexible approach to the automated-dissolution testing of pharmaceutical drug products incorporating direct UV–vis fiber-optic analysis, on-line fluorescence analysis, and off-line storage options 一种全面灵活的药物产品自动溶出测试方法,包括直接紫外-可见光纤分析、在线荧光分析和离线存储选项
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(2000)12:1<12::AID-LRA3>3.0.CO;2-F
P. Rogers, P. A. Hailey, G. A. Johnson, V. A. Dight, C. Read, A. Shingler, P. Savage, T. Roche, J. Mondry

An automated system for on-line determination of the dissolution rates of drug-delivery formulations to USP Methods I and II is described. The system employs UV–vis spectroscopy utilizing either a fiber-optic probe for direct determination or the option of on-line flow through analysis with prior filtration. The system is also capable of on-line flow through analysis utilizing both UV–vis and fluorescence detection and an off-line storage option for further sample processing. The system also comprises a complete IT solution including a simple user interface, data archival to an NT server, remote client server interrogation of the database, and automatic report generation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 12:12–22, 2000

描述了一种用于在线测定美国药典方法I和II的给药制剂溶出率的自动化系统。该系统采用紫外可见光谱,利用光纤探头直接测定,或选择在线流动,通过预先过滤的分析。该系统还能够利用紫外-可见和荧光检测进行在线流动分析,并提供离线存储选项,以便进一步处理样品。该系统还包括一个完整的IT解决方案,包括一个简单的用户界面、到NT服务器的数据存档、远程客户机服务器查询数据库和自动生成报告。©2000 John Wiley &儿子,Inc。实验室机器人与自动化,2000
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引用次数: 8
Study of hemolysis interference with a peak rate nephelometric assay of lipoprotein(a) 峰值速率浊度法测定脂蛋白溶血干扰的研究(a)
Pub Date : 2000-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(2000)12:1<23::AID-LRA4>3.0.CO;2-8
Fabrice Lefèvre, Philippe Gillery

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is considered an independent risk factor in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Its measurement in clinical laboratories necessitates the use of reliable methods and a strict control of preanalytical conditions. We studied here the potential interference of hemolysis on a peak rate nephelometric method. Serum samples were spiked with up to 500 μmol/L hemoglobin (Hb), and Lp(a) was measured with a Beckman Array 360 analyzer. Hb supplementation induced a significant decrease of Lp(a) values: −15% and −25% (p < 0.01) for Hb concentrations 200 and 500 μmol/L, respectively. Similar results were obtained when Hb addition was done before and after the manual step of sample predilution (1/5, v/v) in PEG-containing buffer. No significant difference of Hb interference was noticed according to apo(a) phenotypes. Our results indicate that hemolysis may significantly alter Lp(a) values obtained with this method, probably because of the low-dilution rate of samples. Even if this interference is of limited extent, it should be taken into account when interpretating results close to decisional values used for risk assessment. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 12:23–26, 2000

脂蛋白(a) [Lp(a)]被认为是动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成的独立危险因素。在临床实验室中,它的测量需要使用可靠的方法和严格控制分析前条件。本文研究了溶血对峰速率浊度法的潜在干扰。血清样品加入高达500 μmol/L的血红蛋白(Hb),用Beckman Array 360分析仪测定Lp(a)。补充Hb导致Lp(a)值显著降低:- 15%和- 25% (p <Hb浓度分别为200和500 μmol/L, p < 0.01)。在含peg缓冲液中样品预稀释(1/5,v/v)的手动步骤之前和之后分别添加Hb,得到类似的结果。根据载脂蛋白(a)表型,Hb干扰无显著差异。我们的结果表明,溶血可能会显著改变用这种方法获得的Lp(a)值,可能是因为样品的稀释率低。即使这种干扰程度有限,在解释接近用于风险评估的决策值的结果时也应考虑到这种干扰。©2000 John Wiley &儿子,Inc。实验室机器人与自动化,2000
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Laboratory Robotics and Automation
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