Objective To investigate the influences of antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) airway infection. Methods C57BL/6J mice were treated with vancomycin and gentamicin for 21 d by oral delivery and then intranasally infected with Mp. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed to detect five major phyla of gut microbiota in mouse fecal specimens before and after antibiotic treatment and the loads of Mp in lung tissues on 3 d and 7 d after infection. Pathological changes in lung tissues were evaluated with HE staining. IFN-γ and IL-4 secreted by spleen CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mp-specific IgM and IgG in mouse serum samples were measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Vancomycin and gentamicin treatment significantly reduced the number of Bacteroidetes in mouse feces, but increased the amount of Firmicutes. Meanwhile, the numbers of δ, γ-Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Tenericutes also changed. These antibiotic-induced gut microbiota alterations in mice with Mp infection increased the loads of Mp in lung tissues and the pathological scores of lung tissue inflammation on 3 d and 7 d after infection, and reduced the number of IFN-γ-secreting spleen CD4+ T lymphocytes on 7 d. Conclusions Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis aggravated Mp airway infection. Key words: Gut microbiota dysbiosis; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Antibiotics; Inflammation
{"title":"Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis aggravates Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection","authors":"Wuwei Zeng, Lan Yu, Weiyan Ding, Lijun Huang, Lie-song Chen, X. You, Cuiming Zhu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the influences of antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) airway infection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000C57BL/6J mice were treated with vancomycin and gentamicin for 21 d by oral delivery and then intranasally infected with Mp. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed to detect five major phyla of gut microbiota in mouse fecal specimens before and after antibiotic treatment and the loads of Mp in lung tissues on 3 d and 7 d after infection. Pathological changes in lung tissues were evaluated with HE staining. IFN-γ and IL-4 secreted by spleen CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mp-specific IgM and IgG in mouse serum samples were measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Vancomycin and gentamicin treatment significantly reduced the number of Bacteroidetes in mouse feces, but increased the amount of Firmicutes. Meanwhile, the numbers of δ, γ-Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Tenericutes also changed. These antibiotic-induced gut microbiota alterations in mice with Mp infection increased the loads of Mp in lung tissues and the pathological scores of lung tissue inflammation on 3 d and 7 d after infection, and reduced the number of IFN-γ-secreting spleen CD4+ T lymphocytes on 7 d. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Antibiotic-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis aggravated Mp airway infection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Gut microbiota dysbiosis; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Antibiotics; Inflammation","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46636769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.005
Q. Miao, Yi-xin Ren, Yong-ge Liu, Yan Wang, Z. Li, Hui Guan
Objective To analyze the dynamic changes in the expression and function of peripheral type Ⅱ innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) subpopulation and the activity of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT6) in children with hay fever during pollen season. Methods A total of 10 patients with hay fever, 10 patients with house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized asthma and 12 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Changes in peripheral ILC2 and the intracellular expression of Th2-related cytokines were detected by flow cytometry during and outside the pollen season. Peripheral Lin- cell population was isolated from each group and cultured with the presence of IL-25 or IL-33 for 7 d. The concentrations of IL-5 and IL-13 in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. Expression of phospho-STAT6 at protein level was quantified by Western blot. Results Within the pollen season, the percentage of peripheral ILC2 cells was significantly higher in children with hay fever [(23.09±7.86)%] than in children with HDM-sensitized asthma [(6.84±3.85)%, P<0.05] and healthy children[(1.69±0.87)%, P<0.05]. In the non-pollen season, the peripheral ILC2 cells in children with hay fever presented a decreasing trend [(11.30±2.45)%], but was still higher than that in HDM-sensitized asthmatics [(3.76±1.96)%, P<0.05] and HC [(1.32±0.91)%, P<0.05] at the same time point. Moreover, peripheral IL-13+ ILC2 cells in children with hay fever [(6.94±3.16)% vs(4.17±1.98)%, P<0.05] and in HDM-sensitized asthmatics [(1.89±0.70)% vs(1.44±0.55)%, P<0.05] during the pollen season were significantly higher than those in the non-pollen season. After the in vitro stimulation with IL25 or IL-33, the levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in culture supernatants were both increased in children with hay fever and HDM-sensitized asthmatics, and a synergistic action was observed when IL25 and IL-33 were used in combination. Meanwhile, the protein level of phospho-STAT4 in Lin- cells was significantly up-regulated in the hay fever group after stimulation with IL25 and IL-33. Conclusions During the pollen season, the abnormal number and function of ILC2 subpopulation in children with hay fever might be another cause of the occurrence of clinical symptoms in a short period of time or acute exacerbation. Key words: Hay fever; House dust mite; Artemisia; Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6; Type Ⅱ innate lymphocyte cells
{"title":"Dynamic changes in peripheral type II innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) subpopulation and its clinical significance in children with hay fever during the pollen season","authors":"Q. Miao, Yi-xin Ren, Yong-ge Liu, Yan Wang, Z. Li, Hui Guan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze the dynamic changes in the expression and function of peripheral type Ⅱ innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) subpopulation and the activity of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT6) in children with hay fever during pollen season. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A total of 10 patients with hay fever, 10 patients with house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized asthma and 12 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Changes in peripheral ILC2 and the intracellular expression of Th2-related cytokines were detected by flow cytometry during and outside the pollen season. Peripheral Lin- cell population was isolated from each group and cultured with the presence of IL-25 or IL-33 for 7 d. The concentrations of IL-5 and IL-13 in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. Expression of phospho-STAT6 at protein level was quantified by Western blot. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Within the pollen season, the percentage of peripheral ILC2 cells was significantly higher in children with hay fever [(23.09±7.86)%] than in children with HDM-sensitized asthma [(6.84±3.85)%, P<0.05] and healthy children[(1.69±0.87)%, P<0.05]. In the non-pollen season, the peripheral ILC2 cells in children with hay fever presented a decreasing trend [(11.30±2.45)%], but was still higher than that in HDM-sensitized asthmatics [(3.76±1.96)%, P<0.05] and HC [(1.32±0.91)%, P<0.05] at the same time point. Moreover, peripheral IL-13+ ILC2 cells in children with hay fever [(6.94±3.16)% vs(4.17±1.98)%, P<0.05] and in HDM-sensitized asthmatics [(1.89±0.70)% vs(1.44±0.55)%, P<0.05] during the pollen season were significantly higher than those in the non-pollen season. After the in vitro stimulation with IL25 or IL-33, the levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in culture supernatants were both increased in children with hay fever and HDM-sensitized asthmatics, and a synergistic action was observed when IL25 and IL-33 were used in combination. Meanwhile, the protein level of phospho-STAT4 in Lin- cells was significantly up-regulated in the hay fever group after stimulation with IL25 and IL-33. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000During the pollen season, the abnormal number and function of ILC2 subpopulation in children with hay fever might be another cause of the occurrence of clinical symptoms in a short period of time or acute exacerbation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Hay fever; House dust mite; Artemisia; Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6; Type Ⅱ innate lymphocyte cells","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46561291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.006
Y. Wan, Weijun Yang, Z. Gong, Zhijie Zeng, Hanyun Zhang, Ke Lyu
Objective To investigate the role of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 in cognitive impairment induced by neuronal damage. Methods Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect microglia activation, inflammatory factor expression and neuronal damage after gp120 treatment. Neuronal damage and neurocognitive performance in gp120-transgenic mice were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and behavioral analysis, respectively. Results In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that HIV-1 gp120 significantly induced the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, and indirectly caused neuronal synaptic shortening and neuronal damage (P<0.05). Compared with wild-type mice, gp120-transgenic mice showed significant cortical and hippocampal glial activation, neuronal loss, dendritic damage and neurocognitive disorders. Conclusions HIV-1 gp120 might cause neuronal damage through activating the release of inflammatory factor by microglia and involve in neurocognitive impairment. Key words: HIV-1; gp120; Cognitive impairment; gp120-transgenic mouse; Microglia
{"title":"Role of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 in neuronal injury-induced cognitive impairment","authors":"Y. Wan, Weijun Yang, Z. Gong, Zhijie Zeng, Hanyun Zhang, Ke Lyu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the role of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 in cognitive impairment induced by neuronal damage. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect microglia activation, inflammatory factor expression and neuronal damage after gp120 treatment. Neuronal damage and neurocognitive performance in gp120-transgenic mice were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and behavioral analysis, respectively. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that HIV-1 gp120 significantly induced the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, and indirectly caused neuronal synaptic shortening and neuronal damage (P<0.05). Compared with wild-type mice, gp120-transgenic mice showed significant cortical and hippocampal glial activation, neuronal loss, dendritic damage and neurocognitive disorders. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000HIV-1 gp120 might cause neuronal damage through activating the release of inflammatory factor by microglia and involve in neurocognitive impairment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000HIV-1; gp120; Cognitive impairment; gp120-transgenic mouse; Microglia","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43453294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.010
Xiaolang Huang, Cheng-ji Wang, W. Bao, H. Cai, Qingjie Peng
Objective To analyze the effects of Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) on the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cell line SW480 and the possible mechanisms related to cell apoptosis. Methods SW480 cells were treated with different concentrations of TcdB. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured with flow cytometry. Results TcdB significantly inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells in a time-concentration dependent manner and the inhibition rate reached 46.36% at 48 h. Flow cytometry results showed that TcdB could induce the apoptosis of SW480 cells in a time-concentration dependent manner and a 20.83% apoptosis rate was induced by 800 ng/ml of TcdB at 48 h. Conclusions TcdB could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of colon cancer SW480 cells, and the possible mechanisms might be relate to the initiation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Key words: Clostridium difficile toxin B; Colon cancer SW480 cells; Proliferation; Apoptosis
{"title":"Clostridium difficile toxin B-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells and related mechanisms","authors":"Xiaolang Huang, Cheng-ji Wang, W. Bao, H. Cai, Qingjie Peng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze the effects of Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) on the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cell line SW480 and the possible mechanisms related to cell apoptosis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000SW480 cells were treated with different concentrations of TcdB. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured with flow cytometry. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000TcdB significantly inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells in a time-concentration dependent manner and the inhibition rate reached 46.36% at 48 h. Flow cytometry results showed that TcdB could induce the apoptosis of SW480 cells in a time-concentration dependent manner and a 20.83% apoptosis rate was induced by 800 ng/ml of TcdB at 48 h. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000TcdB could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of colon cancer SW480 cells, and the possible mechanisms might be relate to the initiation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Clostridium difficile toxin B; Colon cancer SW480 cells; Proliferation; Apoptosis","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"55-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46851445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.003
Xiaoyan Li, Cong-zhong Zhu, Liru Guo, M. Kong, M. Zou, Zhichao Zhuang, Xu Su
Objective To evaluate the immune responses and protection against human metapneumovirus (hMPV) conveyed by influenza virus vectors carrying multiple epitope antigens of hMPV. Methods Two recombinant influenza viruses (rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th) carrying hMPV multi-epitope gene segments in NS gene were generated by reverse genetic techniques of eight-plasmid system. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th twice at a two-week interval. Virus-specific antibody titers and splenocyte cytokines were detected two weeks after the boost immunization. Viral loads in lung tissues and turbinates were detected with digital PCR after the immunized mice were challenged with hMPV and influenza virus. Moreover, HE staining was used to observe lung injuries. Results Specific antibodies against both the influenza virus and hMPV were induced in mice immunized intranasally with rFLU/hMPV/B, while the influenza virus-specific antibody response and hMPV-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte response (significant IFN-γ secretion) were detected in mice immunized with rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th. Additionally, balanced Th1/Th2 responses were elicited by rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th. Both rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th conveyed effective protection against subsequent influenza virus and hMPV challenges with significantly alleviated histopathological damages and reduced viral loads. Conclusions Both rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th can induce specific humoral immune response against hMPV and/or the influenza virus. Moreover, rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th can also elicit hMPV-specific CTL immune response. These two recombinant strains can also protect BALB/c mice from the challenges with hMPV and influenza virus, suggesting that they are promising vaccine candidates. Key words: Human metapneumovirus; Influenza virus vector; Antigen epitope; Immune protection
{"title":"Protection against human metapneumovirus (hMPV) conveyed by influenza virus vectors carrying multiple epitope antigens of hMPV","authors":"Xiaoyan Li, Cong-zhong Zhu, Liru Guo, M. Kong, M. Zou, Zhichao Zhuang, Xu Su","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To evaluate the immune responses and protection against human metapneumovirus (hMPV) conveyed by influenza virus vectors carrying multiple epitope antigens of hMPV. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Two recombinant influenza viruses (rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th) carrying hMPV multi-epitope gene segments in NS gene were generated by reverse genetic techniques of eight-plasmid system. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th twice at a two-week interval. Virus-specific antibody titers and splenocyte cytokines were detected two weeks after the boost immunization. Viral loads in lung tissues and turbinates were detected with digital PCR after the immunized mice were challenged with hMPV and influenza virus. Moreover, HE staining was used to observe lung injuries. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Specific antibodies against both the influenza virus and hMPV were induced in mice immunized intranasally with rFLU/hMPV/B, while the influenza virus-specific antibody response and hMPV-specific cytotoxic lymphocyte response (significant IFN-γ secretion) were detected in mice immunized with rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th. Additionally, balanced Th1/Th2 responses were elicited by rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th. Both rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th conveyed effective protection against subsequent influenza virus and hMPV challenges with significantly alleviated histopathological damages and reduced viral loads. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Both rFLU/hMPV/B and rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th can induce specific humoral immune response against hMPV and/or the influenza virus. Moreover, rFLU/hMPV/CTL+ Th can also elicit hMPV-specific CTL immune response. These two recombinant strains can also protect BALB/c mice from the challenges with hMPV and influenza virus, suggesting that they are promising vaccine candidates. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Human metapneumovirus; Influenza virus vector; Antigen epitope; Immune protection","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41766181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.013
Shi Dongmei, Liu Wei-Da
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a rare, persistent and recurrent infection affecting skin, nails, and oral and genital mucosae. It is mainly caused by Candida albicans and hard to be cured with routine antifungal therapy. Usually, CMC is a primary immunodeficiency disease and can be divided into two categories. The most common one is CMC disease (CMCD), which defined as Candida infection confined to the surface of the skin and mucous membranes and not complicated by systemic Candida albicans infection or other clinical symptoms. The other category is systemic CMC (SCMC) complicated by infections caused by other pathogens, systemic invasive fungal infections, or other clinical symptoms apart from the symptoms of CMCD. It is currently believed that both CMCD and SCMC are related to immunodeficiency caused by gene mutations related to IL-17 signal pathway. The inhibited Th17 proliferation, decreased secretion of IL-17 or IL-22 cytokine, or increased IL-17 or IL-22 neutralizing antibody induced by the mutations promoted the susceptibility to Candida or other pathogens. In the treatment of CMC, in addition to the traditional antifungal drugs such as azoles, polyenes and echinocandins, biological agents and target gene therapy offer potential new therapeutic strategies. This article reviewed the association between congenital immunodeficiency in the IL-17 signaling pathway and CMC, and the possible immunological therapeutic approaches and new therapeutic targets. Key words: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis; Candidia albicans; IL-17
{"title":"Progress in mechanisms and immunological treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis associat-ed with congenital IL-17 pathway deficiency","authors":"Shi Dongmei, Liu Wei-Da","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a rare, persistent and recurrent infection affecting skin, nails, and oral and genital mucosae. It is mainly caused by Candida albicans and hard to be cured with routine antifungal therapy. Usually, CMC is a primary immunodeficiency disease and can be divided into two categories. The most common one is CMC disease (CMCD), which defined as Candida infection confined to the surface of the skin and mucous membranes and not complicated by systemic Candida albicans infection or other clinical symptoms. The other category is systemic CMC (SCMC) complicated by infections caused by other pathogens, systemic invasive fungal infections, or other clinical symptoms apart from the symptoms of CMCD. It is currently believed that both CMCD and SCMC are related to immunodeficiency caused by gene mutations related to IL-17 signal pathway. The inhibited Th17 proliferation, decreased secretion of IL-17 or IL-22 cytokine, or increased IL-17 or IL-22 neutralizing antibody induced by the mutations promoted the susceptibility to Candida or other pathogens. In the treatment of CMC, in addition to the traditional antifungal drugs such as azoles, polyenes and echinocandins, biological agents and target gene therapy offer potential new therapeutic strategies. This article reviewed the association between congenital immunodeficiency in the IL-17 signaling pathway and CMC, and the possible immunological therapeutic approaches and new therapeutic targets. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis; Candidia albicans; IL-17","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46134032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.009
L. Qiwei, Jiao Yelin, Ruan Haojie, C. Pan, L. Ke, Lin Mengxiang, Gu Bianli, Gao She-gan, Qi Yi-jun
Objective To isolate and identify Prevotella nigrescens (P.nigrescens) in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and to analyze its tumor-promoting role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Samples of gingival crevicular fluid were collected from patients with chronic periodontitis and cultured on GAM agar medium under anaerobic conditions. Black colonies on GAM agar plates were picked for subculture, and then the bacteria were isolated and purified. Bacterial identification was conducted using Gram staining and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. The isolated bacterial species was used to infect ESCC NE6-T cells and the changes in biological characteristics of the infected cells were evaluated. Results Multiple bacterial colonies were observed after anaerobic culturing of gingival crevicular fluid samples for 120 h on GAM agar plates. A single bacterial colony with pure black and smooth appearance was obtained from grey black bacterial colonies with streak method. It was a Gram-negative bacterium with bead-like shape. It showed 99.78% 16S rDNA sequence identity with P. nigrescens F0103 and was named P. nigrescens LY01. P. nigrescens LY01 infection promoted the in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion of NE6-T cells and the growth of subcutaneous xenograft in nude mice. In addition, it could also induce the upregulation of Ki67 and activation of p-STAT3. Conclusions P. nigrescens inhabiting in gingival sulcus might promote the progression of ESCC in human with chronic periodontitis. Key words: Periodontitis; Prevotella nigrescens; Isolation; Identification; Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
{"title":"Isolation and identification of Prevotella nigrescens in patients with chronic periodontitis and analysis of its tumorigenic role in esophageal squamous carcinogenesis","authors":"L. Qiwei, Jiao Yelin, Ruan Haojie, C. Pan, L. Ke, Lin Mengxiang, Gu Bianli, Gao She-gan, Qi Yi-jun","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To isolate and identify Prevotella nigrescens (P.nigrescens) in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and to analyze its tumor-promoting role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Samples of gingival crevicular fluid were collected from patients with chronic periodontitis and cultured on GAM agar medium under anaerobic conditions. Black colonies on GAM agar plates were picked for subculture, and then the bacteria were isolated and purified. Bacterial identification was conducted using Gram staining and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. The isolated bacterial species was used to infect ESCC NE6-T cells and the changes in biological characteristics of the infected cells were evaluated. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Multiple bacterial colonies were observed after anaerobic culturing of gingival crevicular fluid samples for 120 h on GAM agar plates. A single bacterial colony with pure black and smooth appearance was obtained from grey black bacterial colonies with streak method. It was a Gram-negative bacterium with bead-like shape. It showed 99.78% 16S rDNA sequence identity with P. nigrescens F0103 and was named P. nigrescens LY01. P. nigrescens LY01 infection promoted the in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion of NE6-T cells and the growth of subcutaneous xenograft in nude mice. In addition, it could also induce the upregulation of Ki67 and activation of p-STAT3. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000P. nigrescens inhabiting in gingival sulcus might promote the progression of ESCC in human with chronic periodontitis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Periodontitis; Prevotella nigrescens; Isolation; Identification; Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44450992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.004
Changzhen Wang, Fenghua Wang, Jiao Gao, Xiao-Xia Jiang, Hong Li, Heng Zhu, N. Mao, Xiao-Yan Wang
Objective To analyze the developmental relationship between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) and hematopoietic cells during human embryogenesis. Methods Aborted embryos at different developmental stages were used in this study after medical abortion. Embryonic blood tissues were isolated and digested into single cells. These single cells were plated in semisolid medium in favor of the differentiation of colony-forming cell with high proliferative potential (HPP-CFC) and incubated for 10 to 14 d. Individual colonies with diameter more than 0.5 mm were picked and replated in liquid medium. Fibroblastic adherent cells appeared in the replated colonies were cultured for cell proliferation and cytokins expressed on cell surface were identified to analyze whether they had the characteristics of MSPCs. Results This study summarized the dynamic development of HPP-CFCs and other hematopoietic progenitor cells in different tissues including aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, yolk sac and embryonic liver. From the 28-somite stage, a proportion of HPP-CFCs in AGM region could give rise to adherent fibroblastic cells in addition to hematopoietic cells. The adherent cells harbored the differentiation potential of MSPCs and could inhibit the proliferation of T cells in lymphocyte transformation test. Conclusions This study suggests some prehematopoietic precursors in AGM region can give rise to both hematopoietic progenitors and MSPCs during human embryogenesis. Key words: Mesenchymal stem cell/progenitor cells; Colony-forming cell with high proliferative potential; Hematopoietic cells; Immunosuppression; Lymphocyte transformation test
{"title":"Developmental relationship between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and hematopoietic cells during human embryogenesis","authors":"Changzhen Wang, Fenghua Wang, Jiao Gao, Xiao-Xia Jiang, Hong Li, Heng Zhu, N. Mao, Xiao-Yan Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze the developmental relationship between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) and hematopoietic cells during human embryogenesis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Aborted embryos at different developmental stages were used in this study after medical abortion. Embryonic blood tissues were isolated and digested into single cells. These single cells were plated in semisolid medium in favor of the differentiation of colony-forming cell with high proliferative potential (HPP-CFC) and incubated for 10 to 14 d. Individual colonies with diameter more than 0.5 mm were picked and replated in liquid medium. Fibroblastic adherent cells appeared in the replated colonies were cultured for cell proliferation and cytokins expressed on cell surface were identified to analyze whether they had the characteristics of MSPCs. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000This study summarized the dynamic development of HPP-CFCs and other hematopoietic progenitor cells in different tissues including aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, yolk sac and embryonic liver. From the 28-somite stage, a proportion of HPP-CFCs in AGM region could give rise to adherent fibroblastic cells in addition to hematopoietic cells. The adherent cells harbored the differentiation potential of MSPCs and could inhibit the proliferation of T cells in lymphocyte transformation test. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000This study suggests some prehematopoietic precursors in AGM region can give rise to both hematopoietic progenitors and MSPCs during human embryogenesis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Mesenchymal stem cell/progenitor cells; Colony-forming cell with high proliferative potential; Hematopoietic cells; Immunosuppression; Lymphocyte transformation test","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48784475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.001
Jie Yan, Mingyuan Li, Aihua Sun, Yihong Peng
In the middle of December in 2019, a pneumonia outbreak caused by a new coronavirus, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), emerged in the populations in Wuhan city of China. The epidemic spreads rapidly and has been disseminated throughout the country and to 13 other counties in Asia, Europe, Oceania and North America. To accurately and deeply understand the biological characteristics, epidemiological features and pathogenicity of 2019-nCoV and related immunological characteristics, microbiological examinations and public protection measure, this study reviewed 2019-nCoV and 2019-nCoV pneumonia based on the newest relevant literatures and the newest version of National Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Key words: 2019-nCoV; Biological characteristics; 2019-nCoV pneumonia; Epidemiological features
{"title":"2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and 2019-nCoV pneumonia","authors":"Jie Yan, Mingyuan Li, Aihua Sun, Yihong Peng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"In the middle of December in 2019, a pneumonia outbreak caused by a new coronavirus, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), emerged in the populations in Wuhan city of China. The epidemic spreads rapidly and has been disseminated throughout the country and to 13 other counties in Asia, Europe, Oceania and North America. To accurately and deeply understand the biological characteristics, epidemiological features and pathogenicity of 2019-nCoV and related immunological characteristics, microbiological examinations and public protection measure, this study reviewed 2019-nCoV and 2019-nCoV pneumonia based on the newest relevant literatures and the newest version of National Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u00002019-nCoV; Biological characteristics; 2019-nCoV pneumonia; Epidemiological features","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44698174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.002
Zhu Naiwei, P. Zhao, Z. Qi
2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a new member of coronavirus family that can cause serious respiratory diseases after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV). At present, there is no specific antiviral drug targeting 2019-nCoV. In facing of the increasingly serious epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and the urgent needs in drug treatment strategies, this paper reviewed the current research situation and progress in antiviral treatment for the newly identified disease. Key words: 2019 novel coronavirus; Treatment; Drugs
{"title":"Current status of treatment for 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia","authors":"Zhu Naiwei, P. Zhao, Z. Qi","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a new member of coronavirus family that can cause serious respiratory diseases after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV). At present, there is no specific antiviral drug targeting 2019-nCoV. In facing of the increasingly serious epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and the urgent needs in drug treatment strategies, this paper reviewed the current research situation and progress in antiviral treatment for the newly identified disease. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u00002019 novel coronavirus; Treatment; Drugs","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46378102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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