Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.008
Li-Zhong Han, Xiao Wang, Beng Wang, Q. Kong, Yan Wang, Hai-yan Lin, Shu Li
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of enterovirus infection in Yueqing city from 2010 to 2018, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus. Methods Clinical data of HFMD cases caused by enterovirus infection during 2010 to 2018 were derived from the disease monitoring information report management system of Yueqing city. Descriptive epidemiological study was performed to analyze the characteristics of enterovirus infection by season, age, gender and region and the features of pathogens. Results There were 53 178 patients with HFMD in total, including 75 severe cases and six deaths. Enterovirus infection occurred in every month of the years and peaked from April to July. Most of the cases were scattered children and nursery children under five years old and the incidence was higher in males than in females. From 2010 to 2018, the characteristics of enterovirus in Yueqing city had changed significantly. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) was the predominant pathogen during 2010 to 2014, but its detection rate had gradually decreased since 2013. In recent years, the incidence of HFMD caused by non-EV71 and non-coxsackievirus A16 (non-CVA16) enteroviruses significantly increased. Conclusions Enterovirus infection in Yueqing city was featured by significant seasonality and population-specific variation. Etiological detection should be strengthened. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent the outbreak of HFMD during April to July. Key words: Enterovirus; Epidemiology; Hand, foot and mouth disease; Child
{"title":"Pathogenic characteristics of enterovirus infection in Yueqing city from 2010 to 2018","authors":"Li-Zhong Han, Xiao Wang, Beng Wang, Q. Kong, Yan Wang, Hai-yan Lin, Shu Li","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze the epidemic characteristics of enterovirus infection in Yueqing city from 2010 to 2018, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Clinical data of HFMD cases caused by enterovirus infection during 2010 to 2018 were derived from the disease monitoring information report management system of Yueqing city. Descriptive epidemiological study was performed to analyze the characteristics of enterovirus infection by season, age, gender and region and the features of pathogens. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000There were 53 178 patients with HFMD in total, including 75 severe cases and six deaths. Enterovirus infection occurred in every month of the years and peaked from April to July. Most of the cases were scattered children and nursery children under five years old and the incidence was higher in males than in females. From 2010 to 2018, the characteristics of enterovirus in Yueqing city had changed significantly. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) was the predominant pathogen during 2010 to 2014, but its detection rate had gradually decreased since 2013. In recent years, the incidence of HFMD caused by non-EV71 and non-coxsackievirus A16 (non-CVA16) enteroviruses significantly increased. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Enterovirus infection in Yueqing city was featured by significant seasonality and population-specific variation. Etiological detection should be strengthened. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent the outbreak of HFMD during April to July. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Enterovirus; Epidemiology; Hand, foot and mouth disease; Child","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"44-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48636356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods Ninety children with HFMD were classified into three groups with 30 in each group: critical group (clinical stage 3), severe group (clinical stage 2) and common group (clinical stage 1, excluding encephalitis with CSF and other examinations). Another thirty healthy children were randomly selected as the control group. The levels of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were detected before and after treatment. Moreover, serum neuro-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B protein were also measured to analyze their correlation with BNIP3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of BNIP3 for the severity of HFMD. Results The levels of serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in the critical group were higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.01). CSF BNIP3 level in the critical group were significantly higher than that in the common and severe groups (P<0.01). Serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE were significantly higher in the severe group than in common and control groups (P<0.01). CSF BNIP3 was significantly increased in the severe group as compared with that in the common group (P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in serum and BNIP3 in CSF were decreased in both critical and severe groups (P<0.01). The levels of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were positively correlated with the level of S100B protein and NSE (P<0.01). Serum BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 3.015 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 90.00%, in the prediction of severe HFMD. CSF BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 1.735 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 73.33% and a specificity of 93.33%, in the prediction of severe HFMD. Conclusions BNIP3 is involved in the pathological process of brain injury in children with severe HFMD. Detection of BNIP3 helps evaluate the severity and prognosis of HFMD. Key words: Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3; Hand, foot and mouth disease; Child
{"title":"Clinical significance of Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa interacting protein 3 in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease","authors":"Zhu Lei, Qi Boxiang, Qi Gongjian, Q. Tong, Wu Xiao-le, Hao Xiuwei, Cao Jun-hua","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2020.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Ninety children with HFMD were classified into three groups with 30 in each group: critical group (clinical stage 3), severe group (clinical stage 2) and common group (clinical stage 1, excluding encephalitis with CSF and other examinations). Another thirty healthy children were randomly selected as the control group. The levels of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were detected before and after treatment. Moreover, serum neuro-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B protein were also measured to analyze their correlation with BNIP3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of BNIP3 for the severity of HFMD. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The levels of serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in the critical group were higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.01). CSF BNIP3 level in the critical group were significantly higher than that in the common and severe groups (P<0.01). Serum BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE were significantly higher in the severe group than in common and control groups (P<0.01). CSF BNIP3 was significantly increased in the severe group as compared with that in the common group (P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of BNIP3, S100B protein and NSE in serum and BNIP3 in CSF were decreased in both critical and severe groups (P<0.01). The levels of BNIP3 in serum and CSF were positively correlated with the level of S100B protein and NSE (P<0.01). Serum BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 3.015 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 90.00%, in the prediction of severe HFMD. CSF BNIP3 had the highest Youden value at the cut-off value of 1.735 μg/L, with a sensitivity of 73.33% and a specificity of 93.33%, in the prediction of severe HFMD. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000BNIP3 is involved in the pathological process of brain injury in children with severe HFMD. Detection of BNIP3 helps evaluate the severity and prognosis of HFMD. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3; Hand, foot and mouth disease; Child","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48752235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.004
Xuehui Li, Xiaoying Yao, Yuzhen Zhu, Haiyan Wang, G. Dong, Hui Zhang, H. Xiong
Objective To investigate the role of CD11b agonist leukadherin-1 (LA1) in the development of intestinal inflammation and colitis disease in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods The mouse model of experimental colitis was induced by DSS. Body weight changes and survival status were monitored every day. The length of colons was measured at day 7. Colon tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and observed under an optical microscope for pathological analysis. The percentages of apoptotic cells in colon tissues were observed by TUNEL staining. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured with MPO activity detection kit. IL-1β and TNF-α levels were detected by ELISA. Macrophages and TNF-α in colon tissues were observed using immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the changes in TLR4 expression on macrophages after stimulating mice with LA1 for 0, 3, 6 and 12 h. Moreover, TLR4 expression was also measured by Western blot after treating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with LA1 for 0, 3, 6 and 12 h. Unpaired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results Compared with the DSS group, the LA1+ DSS group presented lower mortality rate, greater body weight and longer colon and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant. Moreover, the LA1+ DSS group showed lighter pathological damages, decreased percentage of apoptotic cells and suppressed MPO activity as compared with those of the DSS group. The number of macrophages and the relative concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in colon tissues were lower in the LA1+ DSS group than in the DSS group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the total expression of TLR4 on macrophages before and after LA1 treatment. However, the mean flourscence indensity (MFI) of TLR4 was weaker on the LA1-treated macrophages than on the untreated macrophages. Conclusions LA1 could alleviate the DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice through suppressing the activation of TLR4 pathway on macrophages. This study provided a new insight and theoretical reference for understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Key words: Inflammatory bowel disease; Macrophage; LA1; Toll-like receptor 4
{"title":"Effects of CD11b agonist leukadherin-1 on dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute experimental colitis in mice and the underlying mechanism","authors":"Xuehui Li, Xiaoying Yao, Yuzhen Zhu, Haiyan Wang, G. Dong, Hui Zhang, H. Xiong","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the role of CD11b agonist leukadherin-1 (LA1) in the development of intestinal inflammation and colitis disease in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The mouse model of experimental colitis was induced by DSS. Body weight changes and survival status were monitored every day. The length of colons was measured at day 7. Colon tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and observed under an optical microscope for pathological analysis. The percentages of apoptotic cells in colon tissues were observed by TUNEL staining. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured with MPO activity detection kit. IL-1β and TNF-α levels were detected by ELISA. Macrophages and TNF-α in colon tissues were observed using immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the changes in TLR4 expression on macrophages after stimulating mice with LA1 for 0, 3, 6 and 12 h. Moreover, TLR4 expression was also measured by Western blot after treating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with LA1 for 0, 3, 6 and 12 h. Unpaired t-test was used for statistical analysis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Compared with the DSS group, the LA1+ DSS group presented lower mortality rate, greater body weight and longer colon and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant. Moreover, the LA1+ DSS group showed lighter pathological damages, decreased percentage of apoptotic cells and suppressed MPO activity as compared with those of the DSS group. The number of macrophages and the relative concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in colon tissues were lower in the LA1+ DSS group than in the DSS group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the total expression of TLR4 on macrophages before and after LA1 treatment. However, the mean flourscence indensity (MFI) of TLR4 was weaker on the LA1-treated macrophages than on the untreated macrophages. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000LA1 could alleviate the DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice through suppressing the activation of TLR4 pathway on macrophages. This study provided a new insight and theoretical reference for understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Inflammatory bowel disease; Macrophage; LA1; Toll-like receptor 4","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"904-910"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48384991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.010
F. Min, Gao Yang, Y. Yali, Li Qi-han
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) commonly causes orolabial ulcers. However, HSV-1 has become an increasing cause of genital infection in recent years and found to have close relationship associated with Alzheimer′s disease. HSV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. It has been received renewed attention in recent years, due to improvements in the understanding of the epidemiological synergy between HSV and other severe diseases, including HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and even neurocognitive impairment. In the context of global renewed attention and responses to HSV infection, we summarize the epidemic of HSV infection at home and abroad in this review, to provide an overview of the data available on HSV infections situation, trends and responses. Key words: Herpes simplex virus; Diagnosis and detection methods; Epidemiological analysis
{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics of herpes simplex virus","authors":"F. Min, Gao Yang, Y. Yali, Li Qi-han","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) commonly causes orolabial ulcers. However, HSV-1 has become an increasing cause of genital infection in recent years and found to have close relationship associated with Alzheimer′s disease. HSV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. It has been received renewed attention in recent years, due to improvements in the understanding of the epidemiological synergy between HSV and other severe diseases, including HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and even neurocognitive impairment. In the context of global renewed attention and responses to HSV infection, we summarize the epidemic of HSV infection at home and abroad in this review, to provide an overview of the data available on HSV infections situation, trends and responses. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Herpes simplex virus; Diagnosis and detection methods; Epidemiological analysis","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"937-950"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47317081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.008
Qian Wen, Ying Zhang, Chen Nanping, Chen Yuqiu, W. Lili, Kai Wu, C. Min, Shi Jing, Qihan Li
Objective To prepare monoclonal antibodies against pneumonia serotype 33F polysaccharides (Pn33Fps) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface proteins (HBs) by using the conjugate of Pn33Fps and HBs as antigen. Methods The conjugate of Pn33Fps and HBs was used as antigen to immunize mice with different immune doses, different immune procedures and different immune sites. Mouse spleen cells with higher antibody level after immunization were isolated and fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. The hybridoma cells were screened specifically with Pn33Fps or HBs to prepare corresponding monoclonal antibodies. Results Serum antibodies against Pn33Fps and HBs were induced by immunizing mice with the conjugate. Monoclonal cell lines capable of continuously expressing antibodies against Pn33Fps or HBs were obtained. It has been proved that the recovery rates of samples of Pn33Fps and HBs prepared in three batches tested with ascites monoclonal antibodies prepared by these two monoclonal cell lines were between 95% and 105%. Conclusions Monoclonal antibodies against Pn33Fps and HBs could be prepared simultaneously by immunizing mice with the conjugate of Pn33Fps and HBs and used for the quantitative detection of Pn33Fps and HBs. Key words: Conjugates; Monoclonal antibody; Pneumonia polysaccharide; Hybridoma cells; Hepatitis B virus surface protein
{"title":"Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharide and hepatitis B virus surface protein","authors":"Qian Wen, Ying Zhang, Chen Nanping, Chen Yuqiu, W. Lili, Kai Wu, C. Min, Shi Jing, Qihan Li","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To prepare monoclonal antibodies against pneumonia serotype 33F polysaccharides (Pn33Fps) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface proteins (HBs) by using the conjugate of Pn33Fps and HBs as antigen. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The conjugate of Pn33Fps and HBs was used as antigen to immunize mice with different immune doses, different immune procedures and different immune sites. Mouse spleen cells with higher antibody level after immunization were isolated and fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. The hybridoma cells were screened specifically with Pn33Fps or HBs to prepare corresponding monoclonal antibodies. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Serum antibodies against Pn33Fps and HBs were induced by immunizing mice with the conjugate. Monoclonal cell lines capable of continuously expressing antibodies against Pn33Fps or HBs were obtained. It has been proved that the recovery rates of samples of Pn33Fps and HBs prepared in three batches tested with ascites monoclonal antibodies prepared by these two monoclonal cell lines were between 95% and 105%. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Monoclonal antibodies against Pn33Fps and HBs could be prepared simultaneously by immunizing mice with the conjugate of Pn33Fps and HBs and used for the quantitative detection of Pn33Fps and HBs. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Conjugates; Monoclonal antibody; Pneumonia polysaccharide; Hybridoma cells; Hepatitis B virus surface protein","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"926-932"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42293403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.005
Xiaohui Huang, Liang Zhou, L. Gu, Xiaoyan Li, Yuehua Huang
Objective To analyze the changes and significance of serum soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and study its role in the progression of CHC. Methods Serum levels of sPD-1 in CHC patients and healthy controls (HC) were measured using ELISA and compared. Correlations of serum sPD-1 with peripheral hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and liver fibrosis (indicated by APRI) were analyzed. Results The serum sPD-1 level in the CHC group was significantly higher than that in the HC group (P<0.05), and positively correlated with peripheral HCV RNA, ALT and AST (P<0.05). In addition, the serum sPD-1 levels in patients with APRI greater than 1.2 (indicating severe liver fibrosis) were higher than those in patients without or with mild liver fibrosis (P<0.05). Conclusions sPD-1 might be involve in the progression of CHC. Measuring serum sPD-1 in CHC patients would assist the prediction of disease progression and help to make the correct diagnosis and appropriate clinical therapy decision. Key words: Soluble programmed death-1; Chronic hepatitis C; Liver fibrosis
{"title":"Changes and significance of serum soluble programmed death-1 in patients with chronic hepatitis C","authors":"Xiaohui Huang, Liang Zhou, L. Gu, Xiaoyan Li, Yuehua Huang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze the changes and significance of serum soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and study its role in the progression of CHC. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Serum levels of sPD-1 in CHC patients and healthy controls (HC) were measured using ELISA and compared. Correlations of serum sPD-1 with peripheral hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and liver fibrosis (indicated by APRI) were analyzed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The serum sPD-1 level in the CHC group was significantly higher than that in the HC group (P<0.05), and positively correlated with peripheral HCV RNA, ALT and AST (P<0.05). In addition, the serum sPD-1 levels in patients with APRI greater than 1.2 (indicating severe liver fibrosis) were higher than those in patients without or with mild liver fibrosis (P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000sPD-1 might be involve in the progression of CHC. Measuring serum sPD-1 in CHC patients would assist the prediction of disease progression and help to make the correct diagnosis and appropriate clinical therapy decision. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Soluble programmed death-1; Chronic hepatitis C; Liver fibrosis","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"911-915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43474422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.011
Lingxian Qiu, Xiaojuan Yu, Ying-Ying Su, T. Cheng
Varicella(chickenpox)is an acute infectious disease with high incidence in children. It is mainly transmitted through the airborne route and vaccination is the best measure for the prevention and control. Data from post-marketing studies show the effectiveness of varicella vaccines is 80%-85%, and two-dose regimen is significantly more effective than one-dose. After inclusion of varicella vaccines into the national immunization programme, there has been a clear decrease in varicella morbidity. Despite the lack of direct evidence, there remains the risk that varicella-zoster virus might latent in the dorsal route ganglia after vaccination. Therefore, more safe and effective novel varicella vaccines are under development. This paper reviewed the progress in varicella vaccine development and their long-term efficacy and safety. Key words: Varicella vaccine; Efficacy; Safety; Surveillance
{"title":"Progress in clinical research of varicella vaccines","authors":"Lingxian Qiu, Xiaojuan Yu, Ying-Ying Su, T. Cheng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"Varicella(chickenpox)is an acute infectious disease with high incidence in children. It is mainly transmitted through the airborne route and vaccination is the best measure for the prevention and control. Data from post-marketing studies show the effectiveness of varicella vaccines is 80%-85%, and two-dose regimen is significantly more effective than one-dose. After inclusion of varicella vaccines into the national immunization programme, there has been a clear decrease in varicella morbidity. Despite the lack of direct evidence, there remains the risk that varicella-zoster virus might latent in the dorsal route ganglia after vaccination. Therefore, more safe and effective novel varicella vaccines are under development. This paper reviewed the progress in varicella vaccine development and their long-term efficacy and safety. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Varicella vaccine; Efficacy; Safety; Surveillance","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"951-957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45865642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.003
Xue Yang, Y. Xie, Yilin Guo, Xuelu Li, Huandi Liu, L. Duan, Y. Niu
Objective To investigate the effects of human adult T lymphoblastic leukemia virus typeⅠ (HTLV-1) infection on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage in host cells. Methods A cell model of HTLV-1 infection was established by co-culturing HTLV-1-positive cell line MT2 with HeLa cells. ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and total mitochondria were detected using specific fluorescence probe labeling method. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI method. Western blot was performed to detect viral proteins Tax and p19, as well as mitochondrial proteins TIM23 and TOM20. After the treatment of MT2 cells with different concentrations of reverse transcription inhibitors (ZDV), relative viral loads were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, and the mass of mitochondria was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results After co-culturing HeLa cells with MT2 cells for 24 h, the ROS level in host cells increased without obvious cell apoptosis, while the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial protein expression and total mitochondria decreased significantly. When the replication of HTLV-1 in MT2 cells was inhibited by ZDV, the ROS level and total mitochondria increased. Conclusions HTLV-1 infection can cause oxidative stress in host cells, resulting in mitochondrial damage. Autophagy might be activated to degrade mitochondrial damage and maintain cell homeostasis during the infection. Key words: Human adult T lymphoblastic leukemia virus typeⅠ; Reactive oxygen species; Oxidative stress; Mitochondrial damage
{"title":"Mitochondrial damage induced by HTLV-1 infection in host cells","authors":"Xue Yang, Y. Xie, Yilin Guo, Xuelu Li, Huandi Liu, L. Duan, Y. Niu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the effects of human adult T lymphoblastic leukemia virus typeⅠ (HTLV-1) infection on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage in host cells. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A cell model of HTLV-1 infection was established by co-culturing HTLV-1-positive cell line MT2 with HeLa cells. ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and total mitochondria were detected using specific fluorescence probe labeling method. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI method. Western blot was performed to detect viral proteins Tax and p19, as well as mitochondrial proteins TIM23 and TOM20. After the treatment of MT2 cells with different concentrations of reverse transcription inhibitors (ZDV), relative viral loads were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, and the mass of mitochondria was analyzed by flow cytometry. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000After co-culturing HeLa cells with MT2 cells for 24 h, the ROS level in host cells increased without obvious cell apoptosis, while the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial protein expression and total mitochondria decreased significantly. When the replication of HTLV-1 in MT2 cells was inhibited by ZDV, the ROS level and total mitochondria increased. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000HTLV-1 infection can cause oxidative stress in host cells, resulting in mitochondrial damage. Autophagy might be activated to degrade mitochondrial damage and maintain cell homeostasis during the infection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Human adult T lymphoblastic leukemia virus typeⅠ; Reactive oxygen species; Oxidative stress; Mitochondrial damage","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"898-903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45429114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.009
Zhegang Zhang, D. Luo, Jiayou Zhang, Wei Zhao, W. Ying, Ran Qiu, Z. Meng, Tian Han, Z. Xia, Changgui Li, Xiaoming Yang
Objective To reduce the residual proteins and DNA of host cells in the preparation of H5N1 influenza A virus. Methods Core 700 was firstly used to remove residual host cell proteins, and then Capto Q was used to remove host cell DNA. Several batches of H5N1 influenza A virus cultured in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were purified using this method. The efficiency of purification was evaluated using many methods including quantitative real-time PCR, hemagglutination (HA) test and single radial immunodiffusion assay. Moreover, Benzonase nuclease was used for comparison. Results Without the use of Benzonase nuclease, the overall removal rates of host cell DNA and residual proteins were 99.62% and 98.1%, and the HA antigen recovery rate was 66.96%. Conclusions This study established a purification strategy with good effect for cell-based influenza vaccines. It can efficiently remove host cell DNA and proteins and achieve a high HA recovery rate. The purification result is no worse than that of adding Benzonase nuclease, suggesting the potential of its application in actual vaccine production. Key words: Influenza virus; MDCK cells; Host cell protein; Host cell DNA; Purification
{"title":"Purification method for cell-cultured influenza virus H5N1","authors":"Zhegang Zhang, D. Luo, Jiayou Zhang, Wei Zhao, W. Ying, Ran Qiu, Z. Meng, Tian Han, Z. Xia, Changgui Li, Xiaoming Yang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To reduce the residual proteins and DNA of host cells in the preparation of H5N1 influenza A virus. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Core 700 was firstly used to remove residual host cell proteins, and then Capto Q was used to remove host cell DNA. Several batches of H5N1 influenza A virus cultured in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were purified using this method. The efficiency of purification was evaluated using many methods including quantitative real-time PCR, hemagglutination (HA) test and single radial immunodiffusion assay. Moreover, Benzonase nuclease was used for comparison. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Without the use of Benzonase nuclease, the overall removal rates of host cell DNA and residual proteins were 99.62% and 98.1%, and the HA antigen recovery rate was 66.96%. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000This study established a purification strategy with good effect for cell-based influenza vaccines. It can efficiently remove host cell DNA and proteins and achieve a high HA recovery rate. The purification result is no worse than that of adding Benzonase nuclease, suggesting the potential of its application in actual vaccine production. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Influenza virus; MDCK cells; Host cell protein; Host cell DNA; Purification","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"933-936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43612968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.007
Yueyue Liu, Yan Liu, Jialiang Du, Qingchuan Yu, Jiamei Gao, R. Zhao
Objective To evaluate whether simultaneous vaccination with live attenuated polio vaccine affects the immunogenicity of live attenuated rotavirus (RV) vaccine. Methods Rotarix produced by GlaxoSmithKline was used as the research object. Two doses of Rotarix were orally administered on day 0 and month 1, and oral live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) was administered on day 0, month 1 and month 2 according to the national vaccination plan. Healthy infants aged 6 to 16 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: interval vaccination group (Rotarix and OPV were vaccinated on different days) and simultaneous vaccination group (Rotarix and OPV were vaccinated on the same day). Serum samples were collected on day 0, month 2 and month 12, and serum RV-IgA was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate whether there were statistical differences in the seroconversion rate and level distribution of RV-IgA between the two groups. Results The seroconversion rate of serum RV-IgA in month 2 was 73.84% in the interval vaccination and 63.95% in the simultaneous vaccination group, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P 0.05). Compared with the simultaneous vaccination group, the seroconversion rate and GMC of serum RV-IgA in month 12 were higher in the interval vaccination group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Simultaneous vaccination with live attenuated polio vaccine would affect the immune response of live attenuated rotavirus vaccine, especially the maintenance of RV-IgA antibody level. Key words: Poliovirus; Rotavirus; Vaccine; Immunogenicity
{"title":"Effects of live attenuated polio vaccine on the immunogenicity of live attenuated rotavirus vaccine","authors":"Yueyue Liu, Yan Liu, Jialiang Du, Qingchuan Yu, Jiamei Gao, R. Zhao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To evaluate whether simultaneous vaccination with live attenuated polio vaccine affects the immunogenicity of live attenuated rotavirus (RV) vaccine. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Rotarix produced by GlaxoSmithKline was used as the research object. Two doses of Rotarix were orally administered on day 0 and month 1, and oral live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) was administered on day 0, month 1 and month 2 according to the national vaccination plan. Healthy infants aged 6 to 16 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: interval vaccination group (Rotarix and OPV were vaccinated on different days) and simultaneous vaccination group (Rotarix and OPV were vaccinated on the same day). Serum samples were collected on day 0, month 2 and month 12, and serum RV-IgA was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate whether there were statistical differences in the seroconversion rate and level distribution of RV-IgA between the two groups. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The seroconversion rate of serum RV-IgA in month 2 was 73.84% in the interval vaccination and 63.95% in the simultaneous vaccination group, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P 0.05). Compared with the simultaneous vaccination group, the seroconversion rate and GMC of serum RV-IgA in month 12 were higher in the interval vaccination group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Simultaneous vaccination with live attenuated polio vaccine would affect the immune response of live attenuated rotavirus vaccine, especially the maintenance of RV-IgA antibody level. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Poliovirus; Rotavirus; Vaccine; Immunogenicity","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"921-925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45267998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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