Rapid progression to fatal expanded dengue syndrome is unusual, presenting a challenge for clinical management. We present a case of a 32-year-old female with atypical dengue manifestations who underwent extensive evaluation at a Kathmandu infectious disease hospital, including vital signs assessment, clinical scoring, and routine and advanced laboratory analyses. Severe abdominal pain, disorientation, and abnormal hemodynamics with multi-organ involvement were noted with a secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection. Co-infection of DENV-1 and DENV-3, exhibiting high viral loads, was observed, marking the first fatal case of its kind in Nepal. Despite intensive care management, the patient’s condition rapidly deteriorated, leading to fatal expanded dengue syndrome within four days of a hospital visit. This poses a serious challenge to clinicians. Heightened vigilance from the onset of DENV infection is imperative, regardless of serotypes or viral load levels. Predictive markers for early detection and management strategies are urgently needed to achieve the WHO's goal of zero dengue-related deaths by 2030.
{"title":"A challenge to clinical management: A case of expanded dengue syndrome co-infection with dengue 1 and dengue 3 serotypes in Nepal","authors":"Sabin Shrestha , Milan Bajracharya , Sandesh Rimal , Rajshree Bhujel , Bimal Chalise , Yuba Nidhi Basaula , Prasanna Amatya , Shrijana Pandey , Pratik Joshi , Nabaraj Adhikari , Mya Myat Ngwe Tun , Kouichi Morita , Shyam Prakash Dumre , Basu Dev Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid progression to fatal expanded dengue syndrome is unusual, presenting a challenge for clinical management. We present a case of a 32-year-old female with atypical dengue manifestations who underwent extensive evaluation at a Kathmandu infectious disease hospital, including vital signs assessment, clinical scoring, and routine and advanced laboratory analyses. Severe abdominal pain, disorientation, and abnormal hemodynamics with multi-organ involvement were noted with a secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection. Co-infection of DENV-1 and DENV-3, exhibiting high viral loads, was observed, marking the first fatal case of its kind in Nepal. Despite intensive care management, the patient’s condition rapidly deteriorated, leading to fatal expanded dengue syndrome within four days of a hospital visit. This poses a serious challenge to clinicians. Heightened vigilance from the onset of DENV infection is imperative, regardless of serotypes or viral load levels. Predictive markers for early detection and management strategies are urgently needed to achieve the WHO's goal of zero dengue-related deaths by 2030.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100908,"journal":{"name":"Medical Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100122
Muhammad Usama Bin Shabbir , Muhammad Bilal , Sikandar Ajmal Abbasi , Afaq Ahmad , Ahmad Abubakr
Introduction and importance
Male breast cancer is a rare condition, representing less than one per cent of all breast cancer cases. It is characterized by late presentation and a higher incidence of metastatic disease due to diagnostic delays. In Pakistan, male breast cancer tends to appear at a younger age than in Western countries. Risk factors include advancing age, hormonal imbalances, and family history. Despite the proven effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, its adoption in clinical practice is limited.
Case presentation
This case involves a fifty-six-year-old Pakistani man presenting with a lump in his right breast. The physical examination showed a lump with axillary lymphadenopathy and skin changes. Laboratory tests were within normal ranges, and imaging revealed a highly suspicious lesion in the right breast. After a modified radical mastectomy, the biopsy confirmed grade two invasive ductal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis.
Clinical discussion
The case highlights the need to consider male breast cancer in diagnoses. Male breast cancer differs from female breast cancer in its pathology, with a higher expression of the estrogen receptor-beta. The patient, who tested negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, received chemotherapy followed by surgery, underscoring the importance of personalized treatment.
Conclusion
Male breast cancer is among the rarest cancers globally, requiring more research and awareness to improve management and outcomes. Dispelling the myth that breast cancer is a female-only disease is vital for early detection and treatment, which could enhance survival rates.
{"title":"Invasive ductal carcinoma in a male patient: A case report","authors":"Muhammad Usama Bin Shabbir , Muhammad Bilal , Sikandar Ajmal Abbasi , Afaq Ahmad , Ahmad Abubakr","doi":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and importance</h3><div><em>Male breast cancer</em> is a rare condition, representing less than one per cent of all breast cancer cases. It is characterized by late presentation and a higher incidence of metastatic disease due to diagnostic delays. In Pakistan, male breast cancer tends to appear at a younger age than in Western countries. Risk factors include advancing age, hormonal imbalances, and family history. Despite the proven effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, its adoption in clinical practice is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>This case involves a fifty-six-year-old Pakistani man presenting with a lump in his right breast. The physical examination showed a lump with axillary lymphadenopathy and skin changes. Laboratory tests were within normal ranges, and imaging revealed a highly suspicious lesion in the right breast. After a modified radical mastectomy, the biopsy confirmed grade two invasive ductal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical discussion</h3><div>The case highlights the need to consider male breast cancer in diagnoses. Male breast cancer differs from female breast cancer in its pathology, with a higher expression of the estrogen receptor-beta. The patient, who tested negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, received chemotherapy followed by surgery, underscoring the importance of personalized treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Male breast cancer is among the rarest cancers globally, requiring more research and awareness to improve management and outcomes. Dispelling the myth that breast cancer is a female-only disease is vital for early detection and treatment, which could enhance survival rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100908,"journal":{"name":"Medical Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intestinal type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a locally aggressive, rare malignancy occurring mostly in elderly males. It is the second most common sinonasal adenocarcinoma, with characteristic microscopic features in their marked resemblance to intestinal mucosa. It also has a well-documented association with prolonged occupational exposure to wood dust. Here we report a case of papillary variant of ITAC originating in the ethmoid sinus with metastasis to the mandibular condyle. A 53 year old male, bookseller by profession reported to outpatient department with difficulty in mouth opening since five months. On examination, he had swelling with pain and tenderness on the right side of face and the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area. The radiographs revealed a destructive mass in the right ethmoid sinus, encroaching into the maxillary antrum, orbit and nasal cavity along with beak like erosion of anteromedial aspect of the right condyle. The hematoxylin and eosin stained sections showed presence of glandular structures, recapitulating intestinal mucosal morphology and papillary arrangement of stratified tall columnar cells with dysplastic features. Immunohistochemical stain with CK20, CD-X2, CK7 and villin was positive. The patient was referred to oncology department for further treatment. This case reiterates the importance of proper clinical evaluation of the patient to consider profession related lesions. Metastases from Sinonasal adenocarcinomas can be considered for differential diagnosis for inability to open mouth.
{"title":"Intestinal type of sinonasal adenocarcinoma with condylar metastases: A case report","authors":"Karpagaselvi Sanjai , Sumana Bukanakere Sangappa , Divya Shivalingaiah , Anjum Baker , Roopa Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intestinal type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a locally aggressive, rare malignancy occurring mostly in elderly males. It is the second most common sinonasal adenocarcinoma, with characteristic microscopic features in their marked resemblance to intestinal mucosa. It also has a well-documented association with prolonged occupational exposure to wood dust. Here we report a case of papillary variant of ITAC originating in the ethmoid sinus with metastasis to the mandibular condyle. A 53 year old male, bookseller by profession reported to outpatient department with difficulty in mouth opening since five months. On examination, he had swelling with pain and tenderness on the right side of face and the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area. The radiographs revealed a destructive mass in the right ethmoid sinus, encroaching into the maxillary antrum, orbit and nasal cavity along with beak like erosion of anteromedial aspect of the right condyle. The hematoxylin and eosin stained sections showed presence of glandular structures, recapitulating intestinal mucosal morphology and papillary arrangement of stratified tall columnar cells with dysplastic features. Immunohistochemical stain with CK20, CD-X2, CK7 and villin was positive. The patient was referred to oncology department for further treatment. This case reiterates the importance of proper clinical evaluation of the patient to consider profession related lesions. Metastases from Sinonasal adenocarcinomas can be considered for differential diagnosis for inability to open mouth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100908,"journal":{"name":"Medical Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100121
Faryal Afridi , Tooba Fida , Muhammad Usama Bin Shabbir , Hasban Ahmad Halim , Ishwa Ghouri , Muhammad Fawad Ashraf
Evans syndrome is a rare autoimmune-mediated cytopenic disorder. We described the case of a male 27-year-old who had a 15-day history of fever, cough, and myalgia. Although the clinical examination other than a fever is unremarkable, blood workup and cytochemistry showed an autoimmune hemolytic reaction and peripheral destruction of platelets consistent with Evans syndrome. The patient was given multiple transfusions of RBC and platelets in addition to oral corticosteroids, parenteral folic acid, and vitamin B12. This case highlights the importance of considering Evans Syndrome in the differential diagnosis and timely management for a better patient outcome. The following prescriptions were given to the patient upon discharge: injectable deltacortil, tab folic acid, and Cap Opt-D. The patient was instructed to come see the outpatient department at the hospital. This case report highlights the uncharted region of Evans Syndrome in Pakistan.
埃文斯综合征是一种罕见的自身免疫介导的细胞减少性疾病。我们描述了一例 27 岁男性患者的病例，他有 15 天的发热、咳嗽和肌痛病史。虽然除发热外，其他临床检查均无异常，但血液检查和细胞化学检查显示，其自身免疫性溶血反应和外周血小板破坏与埃文斯综合征一致。除了口服皮质类固醇、肠外叶酸和维生素 B12 外，患者还多次输注红细胞和血小板。本病例强调了在鉴别诊断中考虑埃文斯综合征的重要性，及时治疗可使患者获得更好的预后。患者出院时获得了以下处方：注射用溴氢可的松、叶酸片和 Cap Opt-D。并嘱咐患者到医院门诊部就诊。本病例报告突显了埃文斯综合征在巴基斯坦的未知领域。
{"title":"Evans syndrome: An uncommon hematological conundrum in a young adult: A case report","authors":"Faryal Afridi , Tooba Fida , Muhammad Usama Bin Shabbir , Hasban Ahmad Halim , Ishwa Ghouri , Muhammad Fawad Ashraf","doi":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evans syndrome is a rare autoimmune-mediated cytopenic disorder. We described the case of a male 27-year-old who had a 15-day history of fever, cough, and myalgia. Although the clinical examination other than a fever is unremarkable, blood workup and cytochemistry showed an autoimmune hemolytic reaction and peripheral destruction of platelets consistent with Evans syndrome. The patient was given multiple transfusions of RBC and platelets in addition to oral corticosteroids, parenteral folic acid, and vitamin B12. This case highlights the importance of considering Evans Syndrome in the differential diagnosis and timely management for a better patient outcome. The following prescriptions were given to the patient upon discharge: injectable deltacortil, tab folic acid, and Cap Opt-D. The patient was instructed to come see the outpatient department at the hospital. This case report highlights the uncharted region of Evans Syndrome in Pakistan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100908,"journal":{"name":"Medical Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100119
Anthony El Dada , Yara El Ratel , Mandy El Khoury , Karam Karam , Mahmoud Othman
Background
Intussusception is exceedingly rare in adults and is often unthought off as a differential diagnosis for abdominal pain. Here, we describe the case of intussusception in a young female unveiling colon adenocarcinoma.
Case presentation
A 36-year-old female, previously healthy, presented for abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea of 2 days duration. The patient was initially treated for Amebiasis. She sought medical care the next day with tenesmus and lancinating abdominal pain, leading to hospitalization for further work-up. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an obstruction of the large bowel with dilation of the transverse colon reaching 6 cm. The obstruction was caused by a collapsed, intussuscepted descending colon, with mesenteric fat and vessels telescoped into its lumen along with a 3.7 cm wall thickening. She was scheduled for surgical repair.
Conclusion
A well-timed CT scan is necessary for favorable patient outcomes. Due to their rare occurrence in young adults, intussusception and colon cancer, could potentially go undiagnosed.
{"title":"Colon cancer disguised as intussusception in a young adult: A case report","authors":"Anthony El Dada , Yara El Ratel , Mandy El Khoury , Karam Karam , Mahmoud Othman","doi":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intussusception is exceedingly rare in adults and is often unthought off as a differential diagnosis for abdominal pain. Here, we describe the case of intussusception in a young female unveiling colon adenocarcinoma.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 36-year-old female, previously healthy, presented for abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea of 2 days duration. The patient was initially treated for Amebiasis. She sought medical care the next day with tenesmus and lancinating abdominal pain, leading to hospitalization for further work-up. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an obstruction of the large bowel with dilation of the transverse colon reaching 6 cm. The obstruction was caused by a collapsed, intussuscepted descending colon, with mesenteric fat and vessels telescoped into its lumen along with a 3.7 cm wall thickening. She was scheduled for surgical repair.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A well-timed CT scan is necessary for favorable patient outcomes. Due to their rare occurrence in young adults, intussusception and colon cancer, could potentially go undiagnosed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100908,"journal":{"name":"Medical Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100120
Ishwarya Ramadoss , Arul Rajamurugan Ponniah Subramanian, Ramesh R
A fifteen year old female child presented with three weeks history of fever and joint pains. On evaluation, infections were ruled out and a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus with involvement of domains of musculoskeletal, constitutional, haematological and probable lupus nephritis was made. During period of evaluation, she developed diffuse alveolar haemorrhage(DAH) and was managed with methylprednisolone pulse therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange along with cyclophosphamide. The case report discusses the challenges faced in suspecting, diagnosing and treating DAH, with a propitious outcome.
{"title":"Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage as an initial presenting manifestation of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"Ishwarya Ramadoss , Arul Rajamurugan Ponniah Subramanian, Ramesh R","doi":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A fifteen year old female child presented with three weeks history of fever and joint pains. On evaluation, infections were ruled out and a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus with involvement of domains of musculoskeletal, constitutional, haematological and probable lupus nephritis was made. During period of evaluation, she developed diffuse alveolar haemorrhage(DAH) and was managed with methylprednisolone pulse therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange along with cyclophosphamide. The case report discusses the challenges faced in suspecting, diagnosing and treating DAH, with a propitious outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100908,"journal":{"name":"Medical Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100118
Mahzareen, Saba Zaidi, Muhammad Mubashir
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is an infrequent disorder impacting conjugate lateral gaze. It is typically observed in neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis and stroke, but it is rarely linked to brain tumors. This report describes a case where INO developed in a patient with a high grade astrocytoma. A 42-year-old man presented with a one-week history of worsening horizontal double vision. Examination revealed impaired adduction and horizontal nystagmus without additional focal neurological deficits or papilledema. MRI imaging of the brain with contrast revealed a large, heterogeneous mass in the left frontal lobe along with ring-enhancing lesions in the fourth ventricle, suggesting tumor progression. The patient had previously undergone a gross total resection of a Grade-4 astrocytoma, followed by radiation therapy and Temozolomide treatment. In response to the new onset of INO, his treatment regimen was adjusted to continue Temozolomide and include steroids. This case underscores the importance of recognizing new ophthalmologic findings as a potential indicator of tumor progression in high-grade astrocytomas, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and treatment modification.
{"title":"Seeding of glioblastoma multiforme in the fourth ventricle leading to bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia: A case report","authors":"Mahzareen, Saba Zaidi, Muhammad Mubashir","doi":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is an infrequent disorder impacting conjugate lateral gaze. It is typically observed in neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis and stroke, but it is rarely linked to brain tumors. This report describes a case where INO developed in a patient with a high grade astrocytoma. A 42-year-old man presented with a one-week history of worsening horizontal double vision. Examination revealed impaired adduction and horizontal nystagmus without additional focal neurological deficits or papilledema. MRI imaging of the brain with contrast revealed a large, heterogeneous mass in the left frontal lobe along with ring-enhancing lesions in the fourth ventricle, suggesting tumor progression. The patient had previously undergone a gross total resection of a Grade-4 astrocytoma, followed by radiation therapy and Temozolomide treatment. In response to the new onset of INO, his treatment regimen was adjusted to continue Temozolomide and include steroids. This case underscores the importance of recognizing new ophthalmologic findings as a potential indicator of tumor progression in high-grade astrocytomas, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and treatment modification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100908,"journal":{"name":"Medical Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100106
Md. Rabiul Hasan, Shah Muhammad Azmat Ullah, Sheikh Md. Rabiul Islam
Pneumonia is a life-threatening, acute lung infection found all over the world that mostly affects the lungs. Computer vision-related automatic detection algorithms are currently highly used in research areas like medical imaging. Deep learning algorithms have enabled some impressive improvements in medical diagnosis in recent years. This study provides a summary of a recently developed DL-based pneumonia diagnosis system as well as important details about the data sets used for the training and testing of those networks. Additionally, it emphasizes the ensemble learning and deep transfer learning methodologies as well as the many performance measurements created by researchers in this field. The most recent research publications are reviewed here and collected from different sources like Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and IEEE Xplore databases using the terms “Pneumonia”, “Deep-Learning”, “X-Ray” and “CNN”. The most current works are organized according to a taxonomy for easier understanding. Lastly, we addressed the limitations in deploying deep learning methods to the detection of pneumonia and potential future developments in this field of study. This study aims to assist experts in select the most suitable and effective methods for pneumonia detection.
{"title":"Recent advancement of deep learning techniques for pneumonia prediction from chest X-ray image","authors":"Md. Rabiul Hasan, Shah Muhammad Azmat Ullah, Sheikh Md. Rabiul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pneumonia is a life-threatening, acute lung infection found all over the world that mostly affects the lungs. Computer vision-related automatic detection algorithms are currently highly used in research areas like medical imaging. Deep learning algorithms have enabled some impressive improvements in medical diagnosis in recent years. This study provides a summary of a recently developed DL-based pneumonia diagnosis system as well as important details about the data sets used for the training and testing of those networks. Additionally, it emphasizes the ensemble learning and deep transfer learning methodologies as well as the many performance measurements created by researchers in this field. The most recent research publications are reviewed here and collected from different sources like Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and IEEE Xplore databases using the terms “Pneumonia”, “Deep-Learning”, “X-Ray” and “CNN”. The most current works are organized according to a taxonomy for easier understanding. Lastly, we addressed the limitations in deploying deep learning methods to the detection of pneumonia and potential future developments in this field of study. This study aims to assist experts in select the most suitable and effective methods for pneumonia detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100908,"journal":{"name":"Medical Reports","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100116
Muhammad Ahmad Khan , Waqar Ali , Umar Maqbool , Wajeeha Aslam , Muhammad Danial Malik , Muhammad Waleed Khan
Background
Severe hyperkalemia is a life-threatening complication of kidney disease in acute or chronic states. Hyperkalemia-induced muscle paralysis is a manifestation of severe hyperkalemia, usually seen when serum potassium levels rise above 6.5 mEq/L, along with cardiac arrhythmia requiring emergency management.
Case report
A 60-year-old Asian male presented in the medical emergency with paraparesis for 6 hours. On examination, he had flaccid paraparesis without any sensory loss. His ECG showed changes of hyperkalemia, and his potassium levels came out to be 8.1 mEq/L. The weakness resolved following the correction of hyperkalemia with a regimen containing an insulin-dextrose infusion and salbutamol nebulizations.
Conclusion
Although rare, severe hyperkalemia is a cause of periodic paralysis, especially in patients with risk factors such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Prompt treatment of hyperkalemia can resolve paralysis even before hemodialysis. The report aims to educate physicians about an essential differential of flaccid paralysis.
{"title":"Hyperkalemia-induced periodic paralysis, a rare presentation of ascending flaccid paralysis: A case report and review of literature","authors":"Muhammad Ahmad Khan , Waqar Ali , Umar Maqbool , Wajeeha Aslam , Muhammad Danial Malik , Muhammad Waleed Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Severe hyperkalemia is a life-threatening complication of kidney disease in acute or chronic states. Hyperkalemia-induced muscle paralysis is a manifestation of severe hyperkalemia, usually seen when serum potassium levels rise above 6.5 mEq/L, along with cardiac arrhythmia requiring emergency management.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>A 60-year-old Asian male presented in the medical emergency with paraparesis for 6 hours. On examination, he had flaccid paraparesis without any sensory loss. His ECG showed changes of hyperkalemia, and his potassium levels came out to be 8.1 mEq/L. The weakness resolved following the correction of hyperkalemia with a regimen containing an insulin-dextrose infusion and salbutamol nebulizations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although rare, severe hyperkalemia is a cause of periodic paralysis, especially in patients with risk factors such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Prompt treatment of hyperkalemia can resolve paralysis even before hemodialysis. The report aims to educate physicians about an essential differential of flaccid paralysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100908,"journal":{"name":"Medical Reports","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.hmedic.2024.100114
Karam Karam , Emanuel Youssef Dib , Houssein Chebbo , Sarah Saleh , Karim Zodeh , Lamia Azizi , Majd Rustom
Nissen fundoplication can engender different types of fistulae: gastro-bronchial, gastro-pericardial, trachea-esophageal and esophago-gastric. Esophago-gastric fistula (EGF) is an exceedingly rare entity following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. EGF is an epithelialized connection between the distal esophagus and gastric fundus, imparting a “double-lumen sign” to the esophagus lumen upon direct endoscopic visualization. To date, the primary mechanism for EGF development has not been fully elucidated given the rarity of the entity. Endosocopic or surgical modalities remain the gold standard for the treatment of EGF. We herein present a case of EGF in an older adult that was resolved by virtue of conservative medical treatment with proton pump inhibitors, sparing invasive approaches like endoscopy and surgery.
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