Nature-Based Solutions最新文献_第2页

Micro-climate of nature-based solutions in stockholm royal seaport

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100206

Artur Branny , Erik Andersson , Timon McPhearson

Extreme weather events are on the rise, increasingly impacting cities and their urban populations. In response, urban greening and nature-based solutions (NbS) have emerged as key approaches for reducing risks from multiple types of extreme climate and weather events while making a positive impact on urban social and environmental inequities. NbS interventions are high on urban agendas worldwide, but in practice, they often are hyper-local and contain novel ecological entities, with unknown capacity to deal with different pressures and disturbances. Thus, there is an urgent need to build knowledge around how, when, and under what circumstances different NbS can be expected to perform their functions as intended. One step towards building, and then constantly updating, such knowledge is to establish practices for monitoring and evaluating NbS.

In this study, we showcase a novel approach based on wireless sensor technology that harnesses hyperlocal data in real time to understand the direct impact of NbS on the local climate across seasonal variation and under extreme weather conditions. We aimed to quantify to what extent NbS are contributing to ecosystem services such as cooling.

To answer this, we installed eighteen microsensor weather stations across the biggest and most recent sustainable urban development in Sweden - Stockholm Royal Seaport. We investigated five distinct types of NbS - forest parks, green courtyards, rain gardens, green roofs, and lawns, during the summer of 2021 to examine whether real-time temperature changes varied between NbS site types. Despite large differences in vegetation and urban landscape, we did not observe a clear trend in air temperature differences between sites, even for experimental reference sites. Our analysis reveals that forest parks are the coolest and the green roofs are the warmest green places overall. The largest differences in daytime temperatures reached up to 2 °C difference between sites in summer, which gradually disappeared during cooler months. Our results suggest that regional weather dynamics dominate over the Stockholm Royal Seaport's micro-climate, leading to a relative similarity in NbS cooling performances. Though the district overall may be too homogeneous to affect air temperature variation and local NbS too small to alter the regional weather patterns, we nonetheless conclude that ecosystem services of NbS should not be taken for granted. Results suggest that NbS interventions, almost regardless of type, need to be considered and implemented at larger district scales to add up to the substantial total green cover needed to impact local and regional temperatures.

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of blue-green infrastructures on combined sewer overflows

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100208

Sahar Jazayeri Moghanlo, Anita Raimondi

In recent years, there has been a growing focus on combined sewer overflows (CSOs), due to the attention posed by laws and regulations on environmental protection. Urbanization and climate change increase the activation of CSO both in terms of frequency and volume of uncontrolled polluted discharge into receiving water bodies. Blue-Green Infrastructures (BGI) are more and more encouraged as strategies and solutions for runoff control and stormwater management, providing several benefits to the environment and communities. This manuscript aims to serve as a review paper of the impacts of BGI on CSOs from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, with a focus on the challenges posed by climate change and innovative modelling based on real-time control (RTC) and artificial intelligence (AI). The research highlighted the advantages of each BGI and emphasized that their combination can improve the benefits of runoff control and environmental protection. This study can be useful to planners and engineers to guide the selection and implementation of BGI to safeguard water bodies from CSO-related pollution.

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Special issue: Nature-based solutions for reducing disaster risk. What is the evidence?

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100207

Karen Sudmeier-Rieux , Stephen Galvin , Udo Michael Nehren , Christine Moos , Marta Vicarelli , Yvonne Walz , Lucy Emerton , Annisa Triyanti , Nathalie Doswald

Nearly two decades ago, the Indian Ocean tsunami created a devastating human tragedy, leaving many questions in its wake as to the role that mangroves may have played in saving lives and livelihoods. Over the following decade, these questions led to the creation of a new field of study: the role of ecosystems in disaster risk reduction, or Eco-DRR. After 2020, Eco-DRR became quasi-synonymous with ‘Nature-based Solutions for disaster risk reduction’, with a few notable differences. What changed as a result of the Indian Ocean tsunami was an increased awareness that ecosystems could - and should - be part of discourse and portfolios of investments in disaster risk reduction (DRR). Over the next two decades, this awareness grew in three phases: 1) 2005–2014: the ‘convincing stage’; 2) 2015–2020: the ‘mainstreaming stage’ 3) 2020: ‘the blue-printing stage’. This collection of articles highlights research on the evidence of the effectiveness of ecosystem approaches for DRR, while addressing the above question: “how to implement”?

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引用次数: 0

The role of healthy wetlands in mitigating volcanic tephra impacts in Northern Patagonia

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100205

Andrea Soledad Enriquez , Manuela Fernández , Fernando Umaña , María Victoria Cremona

In natural grasslands under extensive grazing, volcanic events pose risks to livestock health and production. Volcanic tephra tends to persist and remain remobilized for years in arid and semi-arid environments, which can be problematic. Healthy wet meadow-wetlands developed in the bottom valleys of Northern Patagonia, Argentina, offer a natural solution for mitigating volcanic tephra impacts. By combining existing geographic information (North Patagonia wetland distribution map and tephra fallout deposit map), the extent of wet meadows affected by the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex (PCCVC) volcano was calculated. The regional amount of available forage in the aftermath of the eruption was estimated through field assessments of aerial net primary production (ANPP); this was conducted during the first peak of plant growth after the PCCVC volcanic event in 5 m x 5 m paired plots, both with and without manually removed tephra a month after the event. To compare the tephra effect on vegetation type throughout time, normalized vegetation index (NDVI) was used to monitor plant activity two years before, the following year, and five years after the PCCVC event in wet meadows and surrounding steppes. In addition, the regional amount of tephra removed from the environment and stabilized in the soil was assessed using prior research findings of ash immobilization and stabilization within meadow soil profiles five years after the PCCVC event. Around 106,000 ha (52%) of North Patagonian meadows were identified to be exposed to volcanic hazard. The plant growing season following the eruption generated, on average, 3929±2146 kg DM ha⁻¹, indicating an active functional wet meadow recovery despite a 25-20% reduction in ANPP due to the tephra effect. NDVI data supported these findings, with the historical maximum level (0.46±0.02) being restored the year following the event, while surrounding steppes recovered at least three years after. Healthy wet meadows mitigated the adverse effects of around 2279 tons of regional tephra, while simultaneously providing nearly half a billion tons of fodder production the year following the eruption- a critical period of cattle food scarcity. These findings highlight the reduction of negative impacts following recurrent volcanic eruptions and underscore the positive effects of conserving, restoring, and sustainably managing wetlands as a Nature-Based Solution for Disaster Risk Reduction.

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引用次数: 0

Co-creating the design of equitable ecosystem restoration using the voluntary carbon market - six principles

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100202

Max Whitman , Neil Powell , Magnus Bergström , Marvin Rodriguez

The voluntary carbon market (VCM) has emerged as a funding source for ecosystem restoration and climate action. Despite its potential, legitimate concerns about its effectiveness and fairness have been raised. Drawing on a case study from La Mosquitia, eastern Honduras, this paper examines how the co-creating the design of climate compensation initiatives can contribute to ecologically sensitive restoration and equitable development. Our findings suggest that the VCM can enable a meaningful co-creation of project design, including the project longevity required to attend to diverse interests and the flexibility needed for adaptive implementation. Growing out critically engaging with the La Mosquitia case study, we have identified six principles underpinning a well-designed restoration project. They include 1) treating carbon sequestration as a development vehicle, and not a goal; 2) adapting to context; 3) support negotiated decision making; 4) designing social infrastructures that foster learning and innovation; 5) diversifying income streams and; 6) focusing on transparency. By paying attention to these principles, we argue that the VCM can orchestrate the restoration of ecosystems in diverse habitats across the planet in the years to come. By reflecting on co-creation for ecosystem restoration and rural development, this paper thus contributes to ongoing conversations on how to design and implement compensation schemes that deliver on the intention of restoring ecosystems and supporting rural livelihoods.

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引用次数: 0

Preliminary study on algae composition of a river entering Taihu Lake and effect of constructed wetland on algae removal

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100203

Yingming Du, Ying Zhang, Xiang Zhang

In order to study the effect of vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) on algae removal in the period of algae bloom in Taihu Lake, VFCW was constructed at the riparian area of Xiaoxia River, a river entering Taihu Lake. The algae compositions of water from Xiaoxia River, influent and effluent of VFCW were analyzed and the effect of VFCW on algae removal was studied on different days. The results show that the density and biomass of algae at different sampling sites on different days were quite different, and there was no obvious proportional relationship between the cell density and biomass of algae at the same sampling site at the same sampling time. There are 6 phyla of algae in all the samples, involving 92 species, among which the dominant species are Chlorophyta (35 species), while the least species are Pyrrophyta (2 species). The cell density was dominated by Cyanophyta, and the species were mainly Planktolyngbya subtilis, Microcystis sp., Merismopedia minima. Three sampling tests were conducted on different days in one month, and the results showed that the overall algae removal rates of VFCW on these three days were 70.1 %, 90.2 % and 99.9 % respectively. The average removal rates of different phyla were all above 82.0 %. The algal density and biomass of VFCW effluent were far lower than those of other sampling sites, indicating that VFCW had a good efficiency of algae removal when treating algae-laden water from Xiaoxia River of west island (also called Taihu Ecological Island).

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引用次数: 0

Money talks. A systems perspective on funding and financing barriers to nature-based solutions 有钱能使鬼推磨从系统的角度看基于自然的解决方案的资金和融资障碍

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100200

Lieke M. Hüsken , Jill H. Slinger , Heleen S.I. Vreugdenhil , Mónica A. Altamirano

A financing gap is seen as a crucial barrier, hampering the further uptake and upscaling of Nature-based Solutions (NbS). However, it is not always clear what is meant by this, nor is it clear why this barrier exists and persists. The aim of this paper is to generate an enhanced understanding of financial barriers to NbS. This is accomplished through first conceptually and theoretically clarifying the difference between funding and financing and then exploring these through an integrative literature review. We expose three different dimensions of financial barriers in NbS projects, namely the occurrence of multiple types of funding gaps, the occurrence of multiple types of financing gaps, and the particular and complex cost structures of NbS. NbS funding gaps can be broken down into public funding gaps, private funding gaps, and funding gaps specific for lifecycle phases, activities, and cost types. Bridging the funding gap is a necessary (although not sufficient) condition for bridging the finance gap and financing alone cannot solve a funding problem. We further find that these different dimensions of financial barriers can be explained by the misalignment between the characteristics of NbS and the characteristics of our existing institutions. These misalignments occur through different institutional mechanism, including (i) Funders’ preferences, (ii) Revenue generation enablers, (iii) Justification requirements, (iv) Funders’ regimes, (v) Financiers’ preferences and (vi) Finance application processes. All mechanisms influence the occurrence of public and private funding and financing gaps and they influence the cost structure of NbS, in particular transaction costs. The results of this analysis suggest that overcoming NbS funding and financing challenges requires a systemic, multi-level approach as the barriers to project implementation are not all located within a project's sphere of influence or control.

资金缺口被视为一个关键障碍，阻碍了基于自然的解决方案（NbS）的进一步采用和升级。然而，人们并不总是清楚这是什么意思，也不清楚为什么这种障碍存在和持续存在。本文的目的是增强对国家统计局的金融障碍的理解。这是通过首先在概念上和理论上澄清资助和融资之间的区别，然后通过综合文献综述来探索这些差异来实现的。我们揭示了国家统计局项目资金障碍的三个不同维度，即多类型资金缺口的出现、多类型资金缺口的出现以及国家统计局特殊而复杂的成本结构。国家统计局的资金缺口可以分为公共资金缺口、私人资金缺口和特定于生命周期阶段、活动和成本类型的资金缺口。填补资金缺口是填补资金缺口的必要条件（尽管不是充分条件），单靠融资不能解决资金问题。我们进一步发现，这些不同维度的金融壁垒可以用国家统计局的特征与我们现有机构的特征之间的不一致来解释。这些失调是通过不同的体制机制发生的，包括(i)出资人的偏好，（ii）产生收入的促成因素，（iii）证明要求，（iv）出资人的制度，(v)出资人的偏好和（vi）融资申请流程。所有机制都会影响公共和私人资金和融资缺口的出现，并影响国家统计局的成本结构，特别是交易成本。这一分析的结果表明，克服国家统计局的资金和融资挑战需要一个系统的、多层次的方法，因为项目实施的障碍并不都位于项目的影响或控制范围内。

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引用次数: 0

A transformations framework for mainstreaming a nature-based solutions approach 将基于自然的解决方案方法主流化的转换框架

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100199

Esther Carmen, Alhassan Ibrahim, Kirsty Blackstock, Kerry Waylen

As the integrity and extent of many natural ecosystems continues to decline, the concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) is gaining traction as a means to reverse such trends. However, uptake of an NbS approach across society is often piecemeal or partial. This paper argues that a deeper connection with the literature on transformations will help realise the full potential of NbS for enabling sustainable futures. Whilst others have already noted the concept of transformations to be relevant to NbS, many insights from the sustainability transformations literature remain underutilised by those working with NbS.

In this paper, we provide a conceptual framework to enable more ambitious and widespread uptake of NbS. We do this by identifying and drawing on key conceptual perspectives and frameworks from the sustainability transformations literature. This framework identifies key components (current system, future visions, process and an iterative approach) to consider when planning strategic actions. The framework strengthens the links between transformations and NbS concepts for a variety of stakeholders: as well as guiding NbS practitioners, it can also support action-orientated research to help steer NbS to achieve transformational change.

随着许多自然生态系统的完整性和范围持续下降，以自然为基础的解决方案（NbS）的概念作为扭转这一趋势的手段越来越受到关注。然而，整个社会对国家统计局方法的接受往往是零碎的或部分的。本文认为，与转型文献的更深层次联系将有助于实现国家统计局在实现可持续未来方面的全部潜力。虽然其他人已经注意到转型的概念与国家统计局相关，但来自可持续性转型文献的许多见解仍未被国家统计局工作人员充分利用。在本文中，我们提供了一个概念性框架，以实现更雄心勃勃和更广泛地采用NbS。我们通过识别和借鉴可持续性转型文献中的关键概念观点和框架来做到这一点。该框架确定了在规划战略行动时要考虑的关键组成部分（当前系统、未来愿景、过程和迭代方法）。该框架为各种利益相关者加强了转型与国家统计局概念之间的联系：除了指导国家统计局从业者，它还可以支持以行动为导向的研究，以帮助引导国家统计局实现转型变革。

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引用次数: 0

Chinese adapting land policy is guiding “photovoltaic plus” as a nature-based solution towards future

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100201

Bing Tan, Ling-Sang Sheng, Qi Yuan, Dong-Fan Xu, Ying-Ying Hao, Si-Qi Zhou, Bin Zhao

Nature-based solutions (NbS) are emerging as effective tools for achieving sustainable development goals and align closely with China's concepts of ecological civilization. While China has reported numerous NbS cases, the lack of a localized theoretical framework and practical guidelines has led to overlooking NbS practices with Chinese characteristics. This paper firstly summarized existing NbS cases in China, highlighting their focus on ecological restoration while not consistently addressing the full range of future challenges. Consequently, we propose photovoltaic (PV) plus projects (“PV Plus”) as a forward-looking NbS practice. Land policies have played an essential role in driving the evolution of PV projects into “PV Plus” model, unleashing its co-creation potential. Land policies in China for PV have gone through three stages: demonstrative construction, guided development and specialized management, resulting in multifunctionality arising from the co-evolution of PV technology and transformed ecosystems. We present “PV Plus” as a NbS practice classified as co-evolution system, demonstrate how policies guide its integration into local practices, and underscore its capacity for addressing future challenges. A typical example is agri-voltaics, a system where crops are grown beneath solar panels. This approach could deliver economic benefits, reduce land costs, and achieve poverty alleviation through electricity generation. The practical policy lessons in China can lay the foundation for multidisciplinary cooperation of the PV industry and offer valuable insights for the policymakers aiming to achieve multiple goals including energy transition, food security, and socio-economic development.

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引用次数: 0

Exploring social contracts of disaster risk through twitter narratives during a major storm 通过大风暴期间的推特叙事探索灾害风险的社会契约

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100197

Andressa V. Mansur , Gabrielle Langhorn , Donald R. Nelson

Social contracts are evolving relationships between the government and the public; they describe the rights and responsibilities of each party in catastrophic hydroclimatic events. As the climate crisis unfolds disaster losses continue to increase and the need for new infrastructure is becoming more apparent. Research suggests that incorporating Nature-based Solutions (NbS) into infrastructure adaptations may reduce exposure and loss and improve social well-being. While researchers and policy makers push for NbS, it is unclear whether they adequately recognize contemporary social contracts and whether these contracts are shifting sufficiently to accept the differences. We operationalize social contracts and test a conceptual approach through analysis of tweets before, during and after Hurricane Ida. Our results indicate a social contract of inequalities manifested through experience, perceptions and expectations of citizens. There is a great deal of uncertainty and feelings of insecurity about the public's perception of government response and resource provisions. Although our results indicated a gap in public perception of NbS, uncertainty about the effectiveness of conventional infrastructure was expressed. Public expectations include an evolving social contract that addresses the challenges related to inequalities while also adapting to climate change. We discuss how this twitter data can be used to understand the role of social contracts in responding to disaster risk and infrastructure adaptation and how inadequacies in current protection measures can inform potential use of NbS.

社会契约是政府与公众之间不断演变的关系；它们描述了在灾难性水文气候事件中各方的权利和责任。随着气候危机的展开，灾害损失继续增加，对新基础设施的需求也越来越明显。研究表明，将基于自然的解决方案（NbS）纳入基础设施改造可能会减少风险和损失，并改善社会福祉。虽然研究人员和政策制定者在推动国家统计局，但尚不清楚他们是否充分认识到当代社会契约，以及这些契约是否正在充分转变，以接受这些差异。我们通过分析飓风Ida之前、期间和之后的推文，将社会契约付诸实施，并测试一种概念性方法。我们的研究结果表明，不平等的社会契约通过公民的经验、观念和期望表现出来。公众对政府反应和资源供应的看法存在很大的不确定性和不安全感。虽然我们的结果表明公众对国家统计局的看法存在差距，但对传统基础设施有效性的不确定性也得到了表达。公众期望包括一种不断发展的社会契约，既能解决与不平等有关的挑战，又能适应气候变化。我们将讨论如何利用这些twitter数据来理解社会契约在应对灾害风险和基础设施适应方面的作用，以及当前保护措施的不足如何为国家统计局的潜在使用提供信息。

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引用次数: 0