Nature-Based Solutions最新文献_第10页

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) for rainwater harvesting and stormwater management in temporary humanitarian settlements 可持续排水系统（SuDS）用于临时人道主义定居点的雨水收集和雨水管理

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100227

Kiran Tota-Maharaj , Oluwatoyin Opeyemi Ajibade , Shanika Arachchi , Colin Douglas Hills , Upaka Rathnayake

Effective management of stormwater runoff is crucial in refugee camps and temporary shelters. Across the Africa, this is vital especially with the intense rainfalls due to the climate effect. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) can be implemented to provide potential sources of water resources across refugee camps and internally displaced people (IDPs). The performance of two SuDS (engineered wetlands and biofilters) was evaluated to assess their effectiveness at reducing levels of pollutants in harvested rainwater and stormwater under simulated environmental conditions of an IDP camp. The SuDS comprised a matrix of sub-surface bedding materials and filter media. Stormwater quality analysis aligned with the WHO and CIRIA standards was carried out over 61 weeks simulating environmental conditions. The SuDS significantly reduced nutrients and organics loading from the influent stormwater. The Constructed Stormwater Treatment System S1-a had an overall high performance in removing impurities (BOD – 60 %, COD – 70 %, Turbidity – 70 %, Colour – 72 %, Phosphates – 63 %, Ammonium – 57 % and Nitrates – 57 %). In addition, the Refugee Camp Engineered Stormwater Treatment System S2-d has overall well-performed impurities removal (TDS – 52 %, COD – 100 %, Turbidity – 100 %, Colour – 41 %, Phosphates – 96 %, Ammonium – 98 % and Nitrates – 88 %). The outflow samples from these SuDS found the concentrations are with high standards. However, it is recommended that the treated stormwater be reused for non-potable sources in these conditions. The implementations of this research findings can be further incorporated into the United Nations sustainable developmental goals of good health and wellbeing (SDG 3) clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), and Peace, justice and strong institutions (SDG 16).

有效管理雨水径流对难民营和临时住所至关重要。在整个非洲，这是至关重要的，尤其是由于气候影响而导致的强降雨。可实施可持续排水系统（SuDS），为难民营和国内流离失所者提供潜在的水资源来源。在模拟的国内流离失所者营地环境条件下，对两种SuDS（工程湿地和生物过滤器）的性能进行了评估，以评估它们在减少收集的雨水和雨水中的污染物水平方面的有效性。SuDS由地下层理材料和过滤介质组成。在模拟环境条件的61周时间里，按照世界卫生组织和中国室内空气质量研究所的标准进行了暴雨水质分析。SuDS显著减少了流入雨水中的养分和有机物负荷。建成的雨水处理系统S1-a在去除杂质方面具有整体高性能（BOD - 60%, COD - 70%，浊度- 70%，色度- 72%，磷酸盐- 63%，铵态氮- 57%，硝酸盐- 57%）。此外，难民营工程雨水处理系统S2-d总体上具有良好的杂质去除性能（TDS - 52%, COD - 100%，浊度- 100%，颜色- 41%，磷酸盐- 96%，铵- 98%，硝酸盐- 88%）。从这些水的流出物样本中发现，其浓度达到了很高的标准。但是，建议在这些条件下将处理过的雨水重新用于非饮用水源。本研究成果的实施可进一步纳入联合国可持续发展目标，即良好健康和福祉（可持续发展目标3）、清洁水和卫生设施（可持续发展目标6）以及和平、正义和强大机构（可持续发展目标16）。

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引用次数: 0

Manoeuvring barriers: Assessing adaptive strategies for and persistent barriers to urban Nature-based Solutions in Lilongwe, Malawi 操纵障碍：评估马拉维利隆圭基于自然的城市解决方案的适应性策略和持续障碍

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100224

Willi Bauer, Alexandra Titz

Urban Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are increasingly promoted globally as a multifunctional and cost-effective way to address social and environmental challenges in cities. Based on these premises, there is a growing municipal interest in promoting NbS in cities of the so-called 'Global South'. However, current research is still clearly biased towards the 'Global North', with particularly few studies focusing on cities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). As a result of these research gaps, there is a high risk that maladapted NbS – modelled on examples from other regions that do not meet local requirements and needs – will be adopted.

Against this background, this article examines barriers to the adoption of urban Nature-based Solutions and the opportunities for successful implementation of NbS in cities in Malawi. Drawing on qualitative data (workshops, narrative expert interviews, group discussions) collected during five research stays in Lilongwe (2022–2024), the article outlines and analyses in detail the strategies employed to overcome these barriers by those actors in charge for implementing the Lilongwe Ecological Corridor Initiative (LECI), a large-scale NbS in the country's capital city. By empirically exploring the particularities of the implementation of the LECI, the article characterises features of NbS in SSA rarely explored in other contexts, such as the reframing of existing greenspaces, the pragmatic adaptation of NbS-plans and the formulation of by-laws as part of their planning. These insights can serve as a basis for further conceptual developments and critical engagement and to promote a deeper understanding of the potentials and pitfalls of implementation strategies seeking to manoeuvre persistent barriers.

基于自然的城市解决方案（NbS）作为解决城市社会和环境挑战的一种多功能和经济有效的方式，在全球范围内得到越来越多的推广。基于这些前提，在所谓的“全球南方”城市推广国家统计局的兴趣越来越大。然而，目前的研究仍然明显偏向于“全球北方”，特别是很少有研究关注撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）的城市。由于这些研究差距，很有可能采用不适应的国家统计局——模仿其他地区不符合当地要求和需求的例子——。在此背景下，本文探讨了采用城市自然解决方案的障碍，以及在马拉维城市成功实施国家统计局的机会。根据在利隆圭（2022-2024）的五次研究停留期间收集的定性数据（研讨会，叙述性专家访谈，小组讨论），文章概述并详细分析了负责实施利隆圭生态走廊倡议（LECI）的参与者为克服这些障碍所采用的策略，这是该国首都的一个大型国家统计局。通过实证研究LECI实施的特殊性，本文描述了SSA中很少在其他背景下探索的国家统计局的特征，例如现有绿色空间的重构，国家统计局计划的务实适应以及制定细则作为其规划的一部分。这些见解可以作为进一步概念发展和批判性参与的基础，并促进对寻求克服持续障碍的执行战略的潜力和陷阱的更深入了解。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of the adoption of nature-based solutions for flood risk mitigation: Socio-economic determinants in the River Nyamwamba catchment, Uganda 评估采用基于自然的减轻洪水风险解决办法：乌干达尼亚姆万巴河流域的社会经济决定因素

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100225

Nelson Nuwahereza , Susan Balaba Tumwebaze

Floods are the most common and destructive natural disaster being experienced worldwide. This necessitates effective flood risk reduction measures and Nature Based Solutions (NBS) have emerged as promising measures that not only reduce the flood risk but also offer additional environmental and societal benefits. This study aimed to establish the household socio-economic characteristics that determine adoption of NBS for flood risk reduction in the rural mountainous River Nyamwamba catchment, Southwestern Uganda. The study answered the following research questions, (a) to what extent have NBS for flood risk reduction been adopted in River Nyamwamba catchment, (b) How does the stage at which a household becomes involved in a NBS project influence its likelihood of adopting NBS for flood risk reduction? (c) What household socio-economic characteristics significantly affect adoption of NBS for flood risk reduction? The study revealed moderate adoption of NBS for floodrisk reduction, with 54% of households in the catchment having adopted at least one or a combination of river buffer zone restoration and/ or on-farm tree planting. Findings revealed that access to flood risk information, past flood experience, and the number of contributors to household livelihood (number of breadwinners) are the household socio-economic characteristics that significantly affect the adoption of NBS for flood risk reduction. The study also revealed that the stage at which a household becomes involved in a NBS project has no significant impact on the likelihood of adoption of NBS for flood risk reduction. The study recommends improving access to flood risk information, leveraging past flood experiences, and addressing intra-household land use conflicts to enhance adoption of NBS for flood risk reduction. Moreover, the study highlights the need for participatory approaches and sustained community engagement to ensure that NBS interventions are locally acceptable

洪水是世界范围内最常见、最具破坏性的自然灾害。这就需要有效的减少洪水风险的措施，而基于自然的解决方案（NBS）已经成为一种有希望的措施，不仅可以降低洪水风险，还可以提供额外的环境和社会效益。本研究旨在确定决定在乌干达西南部山区Nyamwamba河流域采用NBS降低洪水风险的家庭社会经济特征。该研究回答了以下研究问题，(a) Nyamwamba河流域在多大程度上采用了减少洪水风险的国家统计局，(b)家庭参与国家统计局项目的阶段如何影响其采用国家统计局减少洪水风险的可能性？(c)哪些家庭社会经济特征显著影响采用国家统计局减少洪水风险？该研究显示，在减少洪水风险方面，国家统计局的采用是适度的，54%的集水区家庭至少采用了一种或多种河流缓冲区恢复和/或农场植树的组合。研究结果表明，获取洪水风险信息、过去的洪水经历和家庭生计贡献者的数量（养家糊口的人数）是家庭社会经济特征，对采用国家统计局来降低洪水风险有显著影响。研究还表明，家庭参与国家统计局项目的阶段对采用国家统计局降低洪水风险的可能性没有显著影响。该研究建议改善对洪水风险信息的获取，利用过去的洪水经验，并解决家庭内部土地使用冲突，以加强采用国家统计局来降低洪水风险。此外，该研究强调了参与性方法和持续的社区参与的必要性，以确保国家统计局的干预措施在当地被接受

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引用次数: 0

Operationalizing equity in nature-based coastal adaptation: Assessing practitioner perspectives from the San Francisco Bay Area, California 在基于自然的沿海适应中实现公平：评估来自加利福尼亚州旧金山湾区的从业者观点

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100223

Olivia M. Won , Katherine L. Seto

Coastal regions are faced with rising sea levels as well as other coastal hazards caused by climate change. As coastal areas begin adapting shorelines to present and future impacts, planners and land managers are increasingly encouraged to pursue nature-based coastal adaptation (NBCA) approaches as opposed to traditional gray infrastructure solutions. Recent policies also emphasize the importance of centering social equity and environmental justice in climate change adaptation initiatives, calling for increased community engagement and the prioritization of project work in disadvantaged communities. Though NBCA and equity-led approaches are growing more mainstream, to date, no empirical work has investigated how practitioners are currently framing and operationalizing concepts of equity in the burgeoning field of practice. Using an analytic of multiple framings of equity, this study describes how practitioners are currently addressing social equity in NBCA projects in the San Francisco Bay Area, a densely populated and highly urbanized estuary in Northern California. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 individuals involved in NBCA projects and planning work across the region, including representatives from government agencies, community-based organizations, and consulting groups. We found that practitioners are overwhelmingly focused on strategies to address distributive and procedural inequities. A minority of practitioners applied contextual, management, and Indigenous sovereignty frames of equity, which depend on larger structural shifts in governance, funding models, shoreline property regimes, and land repatriation and require more NBCA-specific approaches. This study demonstrates the importance of sustaining and increasing attention to multiple dimensions of equity in NBCA planning, particularly those that are currently underrepresented in practitioners’ scopes. We argue for developing specific equity interventions that address the unique challenges of integrating nature into urban coastal adaptation and offer recommendations for practitioners seeking to better operationalize multiple frames of equity in NBCA.

沿海地区面临着海平面上升以及气候变化造成的其他沿海灾害。随着沿海地区开始调整海岸线以适应当前和未来的影响，规划者和土地管理者越来越多地被鼓励采用基于自然的沿海适应（NBCA）方法，而不是传统的灰色基础设施解决方案。近期的政策还强调了将社会公平和环境正义置于气候变化适应举措中心的重要性，呼吁加强社区参与，并优先考虑弱势社区的项目工作。尽管NBCA和股权主导的方法正变得越来越主流，但迄今为止，还没有实证工作调查从业人员目前如何在新兴的实践领域中构建和实施股权概念。通过对多种公平框架的分析，本研究描述了从业者目前如何在旧金山湾区的NBCA项目中解决社会公平问题，旧金山湾区是北加州人口密集和高度城市化的河口。我们对30位参与该地区NBCA项目和规划工作的个人进行了半结构化访谈，其中包括来自政府机构、社区组织和咨询团体的代表。我们发现，从业者绝大多数都集中在解决分配和程序不公平的策略上。少数从业人员应用了背景、管理和土著主权框架的公平，这取决于治理、融资模式、海岸线财产制度和土地归还的更大结构转变，需要更多nbca特定的方法。这项研究表明，在NBCA规划中，保持和增加对公平的多个维度的关注是非常重要的，特别是那些目前在从业者范围内代表性不足的方面。我们主张制定具体的公平干预措施，以解决将自然融入城市沿海适应的独特挑战，并为寻求在NBCA中更好地实施多种公平框架的从业者提供建议。

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引用次数: 0

Forested bioshields and tsunami impact mitigation in a Polynesian setting 波利尼西亚环境下的森林生物盾和减轻海啸影响

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100222

Scott Fisher , James Goff , Andrew B. Cundy , David Sear , Christina McWhorter

In the 21st century tsunamis have claimed the lives of over 250,000 individuals, and have caused extensive damage to vulnerable coastal ecosystems. This vulnerability continues to increase in many areas as human activity further degrades the coastal forests that once provided a degree of protection against storms and tsunamis, collectively known as high energy marine inundation events. This work presents a case study of the design and implementation of a forested bioshield established to protect a vulnerable wetland on Maui's south east coast. Although subject to coastal inundation, this ecosystem provides high quality habitat for numerous endangered species. Anthropogenic modifications around the wetlands, particularly the loss of the protective forest, have made this ecosystem vulnerable to future inundation events. Establishing an effective bioshield requires in-depth knowledge of both the frequency and intensity of inundation events, as well as effective tree species selection and their proper configuration within the bioshield. Here, we present palynological and archaeobotanical data from the studied wetlands, and combine this with local paleotsunami data, previously published data on forested bioshields, and traditional ecological knowledge to design, optimize and install an 8,000 m² forested bioshield, and review the wider benefits and limitations of this bioshield approach.

21 世纪以来，海啸已夺去了 25 万多人的生命，并对脆弱的沿海生态系统造成了广泛破坏。在许多地区，这种脆弱性还在继续增加，因为人类活动进一步退化了沿海森林，而这些森林曾经为抵御风暴和海啸（统称为高能量海洋淹没事件）提供了一定程度的保护。这项工作介绍了一个案例研究，该案例研究了为保护毛伊岛东南海岸的一块脆弱湿地而建立的森林生物场的设计和实施情况。虽然受到海岸淹没的影响，但该生态系统为众多濒危物种提供了高质量的栖息地。湿地周围的人为改造，尤其是保护性森林的消失，使这一生态系统在未来的淹没事件中变得脆弱。建立有效的生物保护区需要深入了解淹没事件的频率和强度，以及有效的树种选择及其在生物保护区内的合理配置。在此，我们介绍了所研究湿地的古生物学和考古植物学数据，并将其与当地古海啸数据、以前公布的森林生物保护区数据和传统生态知识相结合，设计、优化和安装了一个 8000 平方米的森林生物保护区，并回顾了这种生物保护区方法的广泛优势和局限性。

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引用次数: 0

Recommendations for a successful assessment of Nature-based Solutions in an urban context. URBAN GreenUP project lessons learnt 在城市环境中成功评估基于自然的解决方案的建议。城市绿化项目的经验教训

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100221

Esther San Jose , Bárbara Díez , Silvia Gómez , Raquel Marijuán , Jorge Calvo , Thami Croeser , Trinh Tran Duc , Raúl Sánchez

The whole process of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) implementation is a complex procedure that requires the achievement of many aspects to finish as a successful hit. One of these aspects is the assessment of the value and functionality of the NbS. In this paper, we present a description of the main aspects related to the assessment that are necessary for a successful NbS implementation process. First, we provide an evaluation of the monitoring processes, the performance on the NbS and the assessment of the NbS impact. The European projects framework provides a wide number of examples of NbS implementation and in the case of this paper, as is the case for the project on which this report is based. By considering KPI (Key Performance Indicators) and the NbS efficiency this document delivers an assessment of the impact of NbS and an overview of the final status of the interventions in each of city as demo site in the project. The assessment has been conducted considering two main sources of information: 1) Evaluations developed during the initial phases of the project and the weights assigned to each variable under study, including the prioritization of the KPIs for each NbS implemented in each demo city and the evaluation of the potential impact that those NbS produced on several city challenges. 2) The monitoring of the NbS implemented and data collected, which has provided the assessment of combined impact of each NbS regarding city challenges. Likewise, the paper describes the methodology applied to make the overall assessment of the NbS through the performance of the KPIs. Additionally, we show the data an analysis of the technical, economic, social and environmental barriers, boundaries appeared in the course of KPI monitoring, and NbS implementation phases in demo sites. As conclusion, our work provides a user-friendly assessment methodology that takes into account economic, technical, social and ecological aspects related to NbS implementation processes and that has been validated in real case studies.

基于自然的解决方案（NbS）实施的整个过程是一个复杂的过程，需要实现许多方面才能成功完成。其中一个方面是对国家统计局的价值和功能的评估。在本文中，我们介绍了与成功实施国家统计局所需的评估相关的主要方面的描述。首先，我们对监测过程、国家统计局的绩效和国家统计局影响的评估进行了评估。欧洲项目框架提供了大量国家统计局实施的例子，在本文中，本报告所依据的项目也是如此。通过考虑KPI（关键绩效指标）和国家统计局的效率，本文件对国家统计局的影响进行了评估，并概述了作为项目示范点的每个城市的干预措施的最终状态。该评估考虑了两个主要的信息来源：1)在项目初始阶段进行的评估和分配给研究中的每个变量的权重，包括在每个示范城市实施的每个国家统计局的kpi优先级，以及评估这些国家统计局对几个城市挑战产生的潜在影响。2)对国家统计局的实施和数据收集进行了监测，评估了每个国家统计局对城市挑战的综合影响。同样，本文描述了通过kpi表现对国家统计局进行全面评估的方法。此外，我们还展示了对技术、经济、社会和环境障碍的分析数据，KPI监测过程中出现的边界，以及示范点的NbS实施阶段。总之，我们的工作提供了一种用户友好的评估方法，该方法考虑了与国家统计局实施过程相关的经济、技术、社会和生态方面，并已在实际案例研究中得到验证。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of compost and compost-derived biochar on the growth of lettuce irrigated with water and treated wastewater 堆肥和堆肥生物炭对水和废水灌溉生菜生长的影响

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100220

Panagiotis Regkouzas, Nancy Katie, Konstantinos Bontiotis, Alexandros Stefanakis

As climate change keeps progressing, the use of biochar and compost as nature-based materials emerges as sustainable alternative that can have a positive impact on agriculture. Such valuable organic materials produced from previously considered waste products are increasingly viewed as attractive nature-positive solutions to improve soil quality and fertility that could help in climate change mitigation and address sustainable development goals. In this study, compost and compost-derived biochar were produced from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and tested as soil amendments for the cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L), irrigated with both tap water and secondary wastewater effluent. Physicochemical characterization of compost, biochar and soil showed that the investigated materials were not so rich, compared to biochars from different feedstocks but when applied to the soil for lettuce cultivation, they may provide a positive effect. The combined effect of the use of bio-based materials and irrigation with treated wastewater was found to lead to higher soil and crops quality. Longer crop growth cycles are necessary to clearly demonstrate the positive effect of biochar on crop yield. Such materials can effectively be used for sustainable agriculture, contributing to the promotion of nature-based solutions as useful tools that promote circular practices.

随着气候变化的不断发展，使用生物炭和堆肥作为天然材料成为可对农业产生积极影响的可持续替代方案。从以前认为是废物的产品中生产的这种有价值的有机材料越来越被视为改善土壤质量和肥力的有吸引力的自然积极解决办法，有助于减缓气候变化和实现可持续发展目标。在这项研究中，从城市固体废物的有机部分生产堆肥和堆肥衍生的生物炭，并测试作为生菜（Lactuca sativa L）种植的土壤改良剂，用自来水和二次废水出水灌溉。堆肥、生物炭和土壤的理化特性表明，与其他原料的生物炭相比，所研究的材料并不丰富，但当应用于生菜种植的土壤时，它们可能会产生积极的效果。生物基材料的使用与处理后的废水灌溉相结合，可以提高土壤和作物的质量。为了清楚地证明生物炭对作物产量的积极影响，需要更长的作物生长周期。这些材料可以有效地用于可持续农业，有助于促进基于自然的解决方案，作为促进循环做法的有用工具。

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引用次数: 0

Time in and for nature-based solutions. No quick fix solutions for complex ecological and social processes 为基于自然的解决方案投入时间。对于复杂的生态和社会过程，没有快速解决方案

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100219

Ina Lehmann , Julia Grosinger , Steffen Bauer , Jean Carlo Rodríguez de Francisco , Katarzyna Negacz , Jonas Hein

Nature-based solutions (NbS) are an increasingly widespread tool in environment and development policies. They embody the idea that nature and natural processes can be purposefully used by humans to provide solutions to pressing environmental and social challenges. However, their potential to meet this ambition is contested, particularly in terms of the scale of the challenge, the risk of diverting attention from the need for decarbonisation, and examples of poorly implemented NbS projects. A largely overlooked but crucial factor concerning the effectiveness of NbS is time. In response to this gap, we develop a framework for systematising the ecological and social dimensions of time in NbS as well as the distinction between slow and fast processes. On this basis, we gather insights from a systematic literature review on key challenges related to slow and fast processes in both the ecological and social dimensions of time. For instance, the long maturation time of many species and ecosystems may be incompatible with the often short-term logic of NbS projects or with the dynamic character of ecosystems that may be challenging for continuous benefit provision. We also identify practical recommendations from the literature review for incorporating time into NbS design, for instance through adaptive monitoring, and we conclude with an urgent call for a more long-term perspective for NbS policies and practice.

基于自然的解决方案（NbS）在环境和发展政策中日益广泛使用。它们体现了这样一种理念：人类可以有目的地利用自然和自然过程，为紧迫的环境和社会挑战提供解决方案。然而，它们实现这一雄心的潜力受到质疑，特别是在挑战的规模、转移人们对脱碳需求的注意力的风险，以及国家银行项目实施不力的例子方面。与国家统计局的有效性有关的一个很大程度上被忽视但至关重要的因素是时间。为了应对这一差距，我们开发了一个框架，用于将NbS中时间的生态和社会维度以及慢速和快速过程之间的区别系统化。在此基础上，我们从系统的文献综述中收集了与时间的生态和社会维度的慢速和快速过程相关的关键挑战的见解。例如，许多物种和生态系统的漫长成熟时间可能与国家生态系统项目的短期逻辑不相容，也可能与生态系统的动态特征不相容，这可能对持续提供利益构成挑战。我们还从文献综述中确定了将时间纳入国家统计局设计的实用建议，例如通过自适应监测，我们最后迫切呼吁国家统计局政策和实践具有更长远的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical modelling of the hydrodynamics driven by tidal flooding of the land surface after dyke breaching 决堤后地表潮汐洪水驱动的水动力数值模拟

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100218

Rachel A. Burns , Ryan P. Mulligan , Megan Elliott , Danika van Proosdij , Enda Murphy

Managed dyke realignment is a method of creating more coastal wetland environments, by breaching constructed dykes (levees) to allow seawater driven by tides to flood the land surface and enable re-establishment of salt marshes over time. However, coastal land regions that are protected by dykes experience major hydrodynamic changes after breaching. To investigate these dynamics, a dyke in Atlantic Canada was purposefully breached and the adjacent land surface allowed to flood with the tides. Field measurements pre- and post-breach provide a rare opportunity to model the hydrodynamics of early dyke realignment in a hypertidal estuary in the Bay of Fundy. These include measurements of water levels and current velocities at spring tide collected across of field site. A numerical model with an unstructured flexible mesh (Delft3D-FM) was applied to examine the impacts of tidal flooding from a river channel, through the dyke breach and across the previously agricultural landscape that was historically a salt marsh. The model was used to simulate the hydrodynamics inside and around the breach before and after seawater flooding during spring tides, to evaluate the initial impacts of this nature-based method of managed dyke realignment. The results indicate that the breach was not wide enough to influence water levels within the Missaguash River. The depth-averaged current speeds can exceed 1 m s⁻¹ within the breach and are typically <0.3 m s⁻¹ across the flooded area with an average depth of 0.66 m over the simulation period with six tidal cycles. The model results also highlight the importance of high-resolution computational grids and variable bottom roughness for simulating the hydrodynamics of small-scale salt marsh restoration projects. Overall, the results may provide insight to researchers and practitioners in applying nature-based solutions to improve coastal resilience.

有管理的堤防调整是一种创造更多沿海湿地环境的方法，通过破坏已建成的堤防（堤），使潮汐驱动的海水淹没陆地表面，并随着时间的推移重新建立盐沼。然而，受堤防保护的沿海陆地区域在决堤后会发生较大的水动力变化。为了研究这些动态，加拿大大西洋地区的一个堤坝被故意破坏，邻近的陆地表面被潮汐淹没。决口前后的野外测量为模拟芬迪湾高潮河口早期堤防调整的水动力学提供了难得的机会。这些包括测量水位和在整个现场收集的大潮流速。一个带有非结构化柔性网格的数值模型（Delft3D-FM）被应用于研究潮汐洪水从河道、穿过堤坝决口和穿过以前的农业景观（历史上是盐沼）的影响。利用该模型模拟了春潮期间海水淹没前后决口内部和决口周围的水动力学，以评估这种基于自然的管理堤防调整方法的初步影响。结果表明，决口的宽度不足以影响米萨瓜什河的水位。在六个潮汐周期的模拟期间，裂口内的深度平均流速可超过1 m s - 1，在平均深度为0.66 m的淹没区，流速通常为0.3 m s - 1。模型结果还强调了高分辨率计算网格和可变底部粗糙度对模拟小规模盐沼恢复工程水动力学的重要性。总的来说，研究结果可以为研究人员和实践者提供应用基于自然的解决方案来提高沿海恢复力的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation and resilience in urban informal settlements: Insights from kibera, kenya and Villa 20, Argentina 城市非正式住区气候变化适应和复原力的自然解决方案：来自肯尼亚基贝拉和阿根廷Villa 20的见解

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100216

Caroline Kibii , Flávia Guerra , Philip Bonera Bananayo, Simone Sandholz

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are gaining much recognition for their contribution to addressing climate change impacts and overall environmental challenges in urban areas. NbS in urban areas have been associated with varied benefits and ecosystem services such as flood management, cooling effects and recreational values. However, implementation and effectiveness are influenced by various factors, such as space availability. In urban informal urban settlements with limited space, and high exposure to climate risks, NbS implementation is particularly challenging, despite their proven benefits. Noting the heterogeneity of informal settlements, understanding the existing NbS and how they are perceived locally is crucial for their uptake. Based on surveys and interviews in the informal settlements of in Kibera (Nairobi, Kenya) and Villa 20 (Buenos Aires, Argentina), implemented NbS, their particular benefits and perception as well as key factors influencing their implementation, effectiveness and acceptance were identified. Lastly, the extent to which the identified NbS can be considered transformative was assessed. A key conclusion of the paper is that despite differences in geographies and upgrading and planning processes in the two settlements, somewhat similar NbS enablers and barriers could be identified. NbS effectiveness and sustainability in urban informal settlements seem realizable with active multi-stakeholder engagements and consistent integration of NbS initiatives into participatory urban planning programs and policies. Looking into NbS dimensions beyond environmental benefits can be particularly helpful to identify barriers, enablers but also transformative potentials, thereby supporting sustainable livelihoods, capacitation and participation of dwellers.

基于自然的解决方案（NbS）因其在应对气候变化影响和城市地区整体环境挑战方面的贡献而受到广泛认可。城市地区的NbS具有各种效益和生态系统服务，如洪水管理、降温效果和娱乐价值。但是，执行和有效性受到各种因素的影响，例如空间可用性。在空间有限、易受气候风险影响的非正式城市住区，国家统计局的实施尤其具有挑战性，尽管它们已被证明具有效益。注意到非正式住区的异质性，了解现有的国家统计局以及当地如何看待这些国家统计局对于吸收这些国家统计局至关重要。根据对基贝拉（肯尼亚内罗毕）和Villa 20（阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯）实施国家统计局的非正式住区的调查和访谈，确定了国家统计局的特殊效益和认可度，以及影响其实施、有效性和接受程度的关键因素。最后，评估了确定的国家统计局可以被认为具有变革性的程度。本文的一个关键结论是，尽管两个定居点在地理位置和升级和规划过程上存在差异，但可以确定一些类似的国家统计局的推动因素和障碍。国家统计局在城市非正式住区中的有效性和可持续性似乎可以通过多方利益相关者的积极参与和国家统计局倡议与参与式城市规划方案和政策的持续整合来实现。除了环境效益之外，研究国家统计局的维度尤其有助于识别障碍、推动因素和变革潜力，从而支持居民的可持续生计、能力培养和参与。

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引用次数: 0