Nature-Based Solutions最新文献_第3页

Co-creating the design of equitable ecosystem restoration using the voluntary carbon market - six principles

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100202

Max Whitman , Neil Powell , Magnus Bergström , Marvin Rodriguez

The voluntary carbon market (VCM) has emerged as a funding source for ecosystem restoration and climate action. Despite its potential, legitimate concerns about its effectiveness and fairness have been raised. Drawing on a case study from La Mosquitia, eastern Honduras, this paper examines how the co-creating the design of climate compensation initiatives can contribute to ecologically sensitive restoration and equitable development. Our findings suggest that the VCM can enable a meaningful co-creation of project design, including the project longevity required to attend to diverse interests and the flexibility needed for adaptive implementation. Growing out critically engaging with the La Mosquitia case study, we have identified six principles underpinning a well-designed restoration project. They include 1) treating carbon sequestration as a development vehicle, and not a goal; 2) adapting to context; 3) support negotiated decision making; 4) designing social infrastructures that foster learning and innovation; 5) diversifying income streams and; 6) focusing on transparency. By paying attention to these principles, we argue that the VCM can orchestrate the restoration of ecosystems in diverse habitats across the planet in the years to come. By reflecting on co-creation for ecosystem restoration and rural development, this paper thus contributes to ongoing conversations on how to design and implement compensation schemes that deliver on the intention of restoring ecosystems and supporting rural livelihoods.

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引用次数: 0

Preliminary study on algae composition of a river entering Taihu Lake and effect of constructed wetland on algae removal

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100203

Yingming Du, Ying Zhang, Xiang Zhang

In order to study the effect of vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) on algae removal in the period of algae bloom in Taihu Lake, VFCW was constructed at the riparian area of Xiaoxia River, a river entering Taihu Lake. The algae compositions of water from Xiaoxia River, influent and effluent of VFCW were analyzed and the effect of VFCW on algae removal was studied on different days. The results show that the density and biomass of algae at different sampling sites on different days were quite different, and there was no obvious proportional relationship between the cell density and biomass of algae at the same sampling site at the same sampling time. There are 6 phyla of algae in all the samples, involving 92 species, among which the dominant species are Chlorophyta (35 species), while the least species are Pyrrophyta (2 species). The cell density was dominated by Cyanophyta, and the species were mainly Planktolyngbya subtilis, Microcystis sp., Merismopedia minima. Three sampling tests were conducted on different days in one month, and the results showed that the overall algae removal rates of VFCW on these three days were 70.1 %, 90.2 % and 99.9 % respectively. The average removal rates of different phyla were all above 82.0 %. The algal density and biomass of VFCW effluent were far lower than those of other sampling sites, indicating that VFCW had a good efficiency of algae removal when treating algae-laden water from Xiaoxia River of west island (also called Taihu Ecological Island).

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引用次数: 0

Money talks. A systems perspective on funding and financing barriers to nature-based solutions 有钱能使鬼推磨从系统的角度看基于自然的解决方案的资金和融资障碍

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100200

Lieke M. Hüsken , Jill H. Slinger , Heleen S.I. Vreugdenhil , Mónica A. Altamirano

A financing gap is seen as a crucial barrier, hampering the further uptake and upscaling of Nature-based Solutions (NbS). However, it is not always clear what is meant by this, nor is it clear why this barrier exists and persists. The aim of this paper is to generate an enhanced understanding of financial barriers to NbS. This is accomplished through first conceptually and theoretically clarifying the difference between funding and financing and then exploring these through an integrative literature review. We expose three different dimensions of financial barriers in NbS projects, namely the occurrence of multiple types of funding gaps, the occurrence of multiple types of financing gaps, and the particular and complex cost structures of NbS. NbS funding gaps can be broken down into public funding gaps, private funding gaps, and funding gaps specific for lifecycle phases, activities, and cost types. Bridging the funding gap is a necessary (although not sufficient) condition for bridging the finance gap and financing alone cannot solve a funding problem. We further find that these different dimensions of financial barriers can be explained by the misalignment between the characteristics of NbS and the characteristics of our existing institutions. These misalignments occur through different institutional mechanism, including (i) Funders’ preferences, (ii) Revenue generation enablers, (iii) Justification requirements, (iv) Funders’ regimes, (v) Financiers’ preferences and (vi) Finance application processes. All mechanisms influence the occurrence of public and private funding and financing gaps and they influence the cost structure of NbS, in particular transaction costs. The results of this analysis suggest that overcoming NbS funding and financing challenges requires a systemic, multi-level approach as the barriers to project implementation are not all located within a project's sphere of influence or control.

资金缺口被视为一个关键障碍，阻碍了基于自然的解决方案（NbS）的进一步采用和升级。然而，人们并不总是清楚这是什么意思，也不清楚为什么这种障碍存在和持续存在。本文的目的是增强对国家统计局的金融障碍的理解。这是通过首先在概念上和理论上澄清资助和融资之间的区别，然后通过综合文献综述来探索这些差异来实现的。我们揭示了国家统计局项目资金障碍的三个不同维度，即多类型资金缺口的出现、多类型资金缺口的出现以及国家统计局特殊而复杂的成本结构。国家统计局的资金缺口可以分为公共资金缺口、私人资金缺口和特定于生命周期阶段、活动和成本类型的资金缺口。填补资金缺口是填补资金缺口的必要条件（尽管不是充分条件），单靠融资不能解决资金问题。我们进一步发现，这些不同维度的金融壁垒可以用国家统计局的特征与我们现有机构的特征之间的不一致来解释。这些失调是通过不同的体制机制发生的，包括(i)出资人的偏好，（ii）产生收入的促成因素，（iii）证明要求，（iv）出资人的制度，(v)出资人的偏好和（vi）融资申请流程。所有机制都会影响公共和私人资金和融资缺口的出现，并影响国家统计局的成本结构，特别是交易成本。这一分析的结果表明，克服国家统计局的资金和融资挑战需要一个系统的、多层次的方法，因为项目实施的障碍并不都位于项目的影响或控制范围内。

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引用次数: 0

A transformations framework for mainstreaming a nature-based solutions approach 将基于自然的解决方案方法主流化的转换框架

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100199

Esther Carmen, Alhassan Ibrahim, Kirsty Blackstock, Kerry Waylen

As the integrity and extent of many natural ecosystems continues to decline, the concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) is gaining traction as a means to reverse such trends. However, uptake of an NbS approach across society is often piecemeal or partial. This paper argues that a deeper connection with the literature on transformations will help realise the full potential of NbS for enabling sustainable futures. Whilst others have already noted the concept of transformations to be relevant to NbS, many insights from the sustainability transformations literature remain underutilised by those working with NbS.

In this paper, we provide a conceptual framework to enable more ambitious and widespread uptake of NbS. We do this by identifying and drawing on key conceptual perspectives and frameworks from the sustainability transformations literature. This framework identifies key components (current system, future visions, process and an iterative approach) to consider when planning strategic actions. The framework strengthens the links between transformations and NbS concepts for a variety of stakeholders: as well as guiding NbS practitioners, it can also support action-orientated research to help steer NbS to achieve transformational change.

随着许多自然生态系统的完整性和范围持续下降，以自然为基础的解决方案（NbS）的概念作为扭转这一趋势的手段越来越受到关注。然而，整个社会对国家统计局方法的接受往往是零碎的或部分的。本文认为，与转型文献的更深层次联系将有助于实现国家统计局在实现可持续未来方面的全部潜力。虽然其他人已经注意到转型的概念与国家统计局相关，但来自可持续性转型文献的许多见解仍未被国家统计局工作人员充分利用。在本文中，我们提供了一个概念性框架，以实现更雄心勃勃和更广泛地采用NbS。我们通过识别和借鉴可持续性转型文献中的关键概念观点和框架来做到这一点。该框架确定了在规划战略行动时要考虑的关键组成部分（当前系统、未来愿景、过程和迭代方法）。该框架为各种利益相关者加强了转型与国家统计局概念之间的联系：除了指导国家统计局从业者，它还可以支持以行动为导向的研究，以帮助引导国家统计局实现转型变革。

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引用次数: 0

Chinese adapting land policy is guiding “photovoltaic plus” as a nature-based solution towards future

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100201

Bing Tan, Ling-Sang Sheng, Qi Yuan, Dong-Fan Xu, Ying-Ying Hao, Si-Qi Zhou, Bin Zhao

Nature-based solutions (NbS) are emerging as effective tools for achieving sustainable development goals and align closely with China's concepts of ecological civilization. While China has reported numerous NbS cases, the lack of a localized theoretical framework and practical guidelines has led to overlooking NbS practices with Chinese characteristics. This paper firstly summarized existing NbS cases in China, highlighting their focus on ecological restoration while not consistently addressing the full range of future challenges. Consequently, we propose photovoltaic (PV) plus projects (“PV Plus”) as a forward-looking NbS practice. Land policies have played an essential role in driving the evolution of PV projects into “PV Plus” model, unleashing its co-creation potential. Land policies in China for PV have gone through three stages: demonstrative construction, guided development and specialized management, resulting in multifunctionality arising from the co-evolution of PV technology and transformed ecosystems. We present “PV Plus” as a NbS practice classified as co-evolution system, demonstrate how policies guide its integration into local practices, and underscore its capacity for addressing future challenges. A typical example is agri-voltaics, a system where crops are grown beneath solar panels. This approach could deliver economic benefits, reduce land costs, and achieve poverty alleviation through electricity generation. The practical policy lessons in China can lay the foundation for multidisciplinary cooperation of the PV industry and offer valuable insights for the policymakers aiming to achieve multiple goals including energy transition, food security, and socio-economic development.

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引用次数: 0

Exploring social contracts of disaster risk through twitter narratives during a major storm 通过大风暴期间的推特叙事探索灾害风险的社会契约

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100197

Andressa V. Mansur , Gabrielle Langhorn , Donald R. Nelson

Social contracts are evolving relationships between the government and the public; they describe the rights and responsibilities of each party in catastrophic hydroclimatic events. As the climate crisis unfolds disaster losses continue to increase and the need for new infrastructure is becoming more apparent. Research suggests that incorporating Nature-based Solutions (NbS) into infrastructure adaptations may reduce exposure and loss and improve social well-being. While researchers and policy makers push for NbS, it is unclear whether they adequately recognize contemporary social contracts and whether these contracts are shifting sufficiently to accept the differences. We operationalize social contracts and test a conceptual approach through analysis of tweets before, during and after Hurricane Ida. Our results indicate a social contract of inequalities manifested through experience, perceptions and expectations of citizens. There is a great deal of uncertainty and feelings of insecurity about the public's perception of government response and resource provisions. Although our results indicated a gap in public perception of NbS, uncertainty about the effectiveness of conventional infrastructure was expressed. Public expectations include an evolving social contract that addresses the challenges related to inequalities while also adapting to climate change. We discuss how this twitter data can be used to understand the role of social contracts in responding to disaster risk and infrastructure adaptation and how inadequacies in current protection measures can inform potential use of NbS.

社会契约是政府与公众之间不断演变的关系；它们描述了在灾难性水文气候事件中各方的权利和责任。随着气候危机的展开，灾害损失继续增加，对新基础设施的需求也越来越明显。研究表明，将基于自然的解决方案（NbS）纳入基础设施改造可能会减少风险和损失，并改善社会福祉。虽然研究人员和政策制定者在推动国家统计局，但尚不清楚他们是否充分认识到当代社会契约，以及这些契约是否正在充分转变，以接受这些差异。我们通过分析飓风Ida之前、期间和之后的推文，将社会契约付诸实施，并测试一种概念性方法。我们的研究结果表明，不平等的社会契约通过公民的经验、观念和期望表现出来。公众对政府反应和资源供应的看法存在很大的不确定性和不安全感。虽然我们的结果表明公众对国家统计局的看法存在差距，但对传统基础设施有效性的不确定性也得到了表达。公众期望包括一种不断发展的社会契约，既能解决与不平等有关的挑战，又能适应气候变化。我们将讨论如何利用这些twitter数据来理解社会契约在应对灾害风险和基础设施适应方面的作用，以及当前保护措施的不足如何为国家统计局的潜在使用提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Leveraging AI for enhanced alignment of national biodiversity targets with the global biodiversity goals

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100198

Nicole DeSantis , Christina Supples , Lea Phillips , Julien Pigot , Jamison Ervin , Toby Wade

This research explores the innovative application of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically OpenAI's GPT-3.5 model, in assessing the alignment between National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs) and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Addressing biodiversity loss requires aligning national efforts with global objectives, a complex task due to the vast amount of biodiversity data and the diversity of biodiversity strategies across countries. By leveraging AI, this study introduces a scalable, efficient method to evaluate the congruence between 599 NBTs from 26 countries and the GBF goals and targets. Our methodology combines traditional natural language processing techniques with large language model insights utilizing GPT-3.5 to examine the similarity between national and global biodiversity targets and identify recommendations to enhance target alignment. The study achieves two main objectives: 1) providing actionable insights for countries to accelerate alignment with the GBF through their National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) Target Similarity Assessments, and 2) mapping the global landscape of biodiversity policy alignment to inform strategic planning for the 16th Biodiversity Conference of Parties (COP16). The analysis reveals strong alignment with GBF Goals A and B, as well as Targets 4, 10, and 14, while highlighting areas for improvement in gender equality, biosafety, and business sector engagement. This research demonstrates AI's capacity to streamline biodiversity policy alignment, offering specific guidance for nations to refine their biodiversity strategies. The study underscores the importance of human-centered, transparent AI applications in supporting global biodiversity goals, advocating for collaborative, multi-sectoral efforts to enhance policy coherence and achieve the ambitious objectives of the GBF.

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引用次数: 0

Cost-benefit and equity analysis of nature-based solutions in Haiti, India, Indonesia and Uganda 海地、印度、印度尼西亚和乌干达基于自然的解决方案的成本效益和公平分析

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100196

Marta Vicarelli , Anamaria Georgescu , Karen Sudmeier-Rieux

This study performs an economic efficiency and equity analysis of four recent Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) interventions in Haiti, India, Indonesia, and Uganda. Our analysis aims at contributing to the development of methodological best practices for assessing both the economic-effectiveness and the distributional impacts of nature-based solutions, with a particular focus on marginalized or underserved communities. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are emerging as possible strategies to mitigate disaster risk while providing additional benefits to biodiversity and sustainable economic growth. However, there is limited scientific evidence about the cost-effectiveness and equity outcomes of NbS. For each ecosystem-based intervention examined we performed an economic efficiency assessment through a quantitative cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Our estimates show that at the 5th year since the project implementation, the interventions in Haiti and India generated positive net benefits, assuming hazard-related yearly losses in properties and GDP per capita in the project areas as low as 0.5 %. We observe the same outcomes in Indonesia and Uganda at the 10th year since the project implementation, assuming yearly losses equivalent to 1 % or higher and adopting a 3 % discount rate. When we include additional benefits from carbon capture and sequestration and pollution reduction the CBA net benefits estimates are positive at the 10th year mark for every discount rate adopted. Extensive qualitative interviews of local stakeholders corroborate the CBA results and provide insights on the numerous additional benefits experienced, which in the future could be measured and monetized if monitored over time. A qualitative analysis of the distributional effects of the interventions was performed to complement the economic efficiency assessment. This equity analysis indicates an enhancement in inclusivity, economic equality, participation, and capacity building among local stakeholders. In particular, the Eco-DRR interventions implemented resulted in significant education, health, safety and economic improvements for women, children, and economically vulnerable members of the local communities.

本研究对最近在海地、印度、印度尼西亚和乌干达开展的四项基于生态系统的减少灾害风险（Eco-DRR）干预措施进行了经济效益和公平性分析。我们的分析旨在为开发评估基于自然的解决方案的经济效益和分配影响的最佳实践方法做出贡献，尤其关注边缘化或服务不足的社区。基于自然的解决方案（NbS）正在成为减轻灾害风险的可能战略，同时为生物多样性和可持续经济增长带来更多益处。然而，有关 NbS 的成本效益和公平结果的科学证据却很有限。我们通过定量成本效益分析 (CBA) 对每项基于生态系统的干预措施进行了经济效益评估。我们的估算结果表明，在项目实施后的第五年，海地和印度的干预措施产生了积极的净效益，假定与灾害相关的项目地区每年的财产损失和人均 GDP 低至 0.5%。在印度尼西亚和乌干达，假设每年的损失相当于 1% 或更高，并采用 3% 的贴现率，在项目实施后的第 10 年，我们观察到了相同的结果。当我们将碳捕集与封存和减少污染带来的额外效益计算在内时，成本效益分析的净效益估计值在第 10 年时无论采用何种贴现率均为正值。对当地利益相关者进行的广泛定性访谈证实了成本效益分析的结果，并提供了关于许多额外效益的见解。对干预措施的分配效应进行了定性分析，以补充经济效益评估。这项公平分析表明，当地利益相关者的包容性、经济平等、参与和能力建设都得到了加强。特别是，所实施的生态减灾干预措施使当地社区的妇女、儿童和经济弱势成员在教育、健康、安全和经济方面得到了显著改善。

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引用次数: 0

“Financing urban Nature-based Solutions (NBS): A literature review from the perspective of funders” "资助城市自然解决方案（NBS）：从资助者角度的文献综述"

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100195

Anna Biasin , Helen Toxopeus , Davide Pettenella , Friedemann Polzin , Mauro Masiero

Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are increasingly recognized as relevant strategies for mitigating the pressures coming from urbanization and climate change to build resilient and sustainable cities. However, securing financing for urban NBS is a persistent barrier for their widespread implementation. Therefore, understanding how to realize (co-)finance and funding by attracting resources from specific stakeholders – namely those that benefit from NBS - is essential to their expansion. While the need for NBS co-finance has been acknowledged, the funders' perspective on NBS has remained largely conceptual. Through a systematic review of the scientific literature this study identifies barriers and corresponding strategies for financing urban NBS from the funders'-oriented perspective. Knowledge sharing, fostering of innovative and alternative financing models and collaboration, also for co-financing, are among the most cited strategies to leverage other financial resources for NBS implementation and overcoming the budget shortfalls generally affecting public actors. We conclude by proposing future research avenues. Particularly, we suggest that the role of specific classes of stakeholders, namely corporations, the insurance sector, real estate firms and water utilities, should be investigated further since their contributions is likely to be relevant for the upscaling of NBS.

人们日益认识到，基于自然的解决方案（NBS）是减轻城市化和气候变化带来的压力，建设具有抗灾能力和可持续发展城市的相关战略。然而，为城市 NBS 筹集资金一直是其广泛实施的障碍。因此，了解如何通过吸引特定利益相关方--即那些从国家可持续发展战略中受益的利益相关方--的资源来实现（共同）融资和筹资，对其推广至关重要。虽然人们已经认识到了非核心预算系统共同融资的必要性，但资金提供者对非核心预算系统的看法在很大程度上仍然停留在概念上。本研究通过对科学文献的系统回顾，从资助者的角度确定了城市非核心预算系统融资的障碍和相应策略。知识共享、促进创新和替代性融资模式以及合作（也包括共同融资）是被引用最多的战略，这些战略可以利用其他财政资源来实施国家基础科学计划，并克服普遍影响公共参与者的预算短缺问题。最后，我们提出了未来的研究方向。特别是，我们建议进一步研究特定利益相关者的作用，即公司、保险部门、房地产公司和水务公司，因为他们的贡献可能与国家预算系统的升级有关。

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引用次数: 0

Incorporating tiny forests in the neighbourhood of Singapore - Opportunities and challenges 将微小森林纳入新加坡周边地区--机遇与挑战

Nature-Based Solutions

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100193

Hanna A. Rauf , Perrine Hamel , Kang Min Ngo , Felicity Hwee-Hwa Chan , Vera Shi Han Lim , James Zhe Yuan See

‘Tiny forests’ have gained traction across the globe as a promising solution for restoring natural ecosystems and enriching biodiversity in highly urbanized areas. In land scarce cities, planting forests could mitigate the impacts of climate change and other urban socio-ecological challenges. This article investigates the potential for tiny forests to be part of the greening strategy in Singapore – a compact city that is already championing greening initiatives. Using a case study of the Jurong West neighbourhood, we conducted a survey aiming to understand people's perceptions and use of urban nature. We complement these results with a rapid assessment of land availability confirming the feasibility of implementing tiny forests in Singapore. From the survey, we found that residents were receptive to the idea of having nature closer to their residential areas despite highlighting disadvantages such as undesirable insects and animals. Factors such as minimal spatial requirements and planting methods that enhance trees growth make tiny forest a useful part of the landscaping portfolio to achieve national greening principles. Overall, we find that tiny forests have the potential to become part of the city-state's greening strategies.

微型森林 "作为恢复自然生态系统和丰富高度城市化地区生物多样性的一种有前途的解决方案，已在全球范围内受到广泛关注。在土地稀缺的城市，种植森林可以减轻气候变化的影响和其他城市社会生态挑战。新加坡是一个紧凑型城市，已经开始倡导绿化行动，本文研究了新加坡将微小森林作为绿化战略一部分的潜力。通过对裕廊西社区的案例研究，我们进行了一项调查，旨在了解人们对城市自然的看法和使用情况。我们对土地可用性进行了快速评估，确认了在新加坡实施微小森林的可行性，并对这些结果进行了补充。通过调查，我们发现，尽管居民们强调了一些不利因素，如不受欢迎的昆虫和动物，但他们还是接受了让自然更接近居住区的想法。最小的空间要求和促进树木生长的种植方法等因素使微小森林成为实现国家绿化原则的园林景观组合的有用组成部分。总之，我们发现微小森林有潜力成为城市国家绿化战略的一部分。

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引用次数: 0