Pub Date : 2026-02-04Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1039/d5py01049g
Zhongyang Wang , Chengcheng Yin , Qiaoyu Ma , Songfang Zhao , Guangbin Duan , Degang Zhao , Shuhua Yang
Achieving intrinsic conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and self-adhesiveness simultaneously in a stretchable ionic hydrogel is critical for the development of ionotronic applications, yet obtaining these properties in a single hydrogel continues to be a major hurdle in the field. Here, gluconate-regulated polydopamine–polyacrylamide hydrogels (PDA–PAM–X) are developed to simultaneously improve the mechanical robustness, self-adhesion, and ionic conductivity of PDA–PAM. The gluconate induces the formation of a dynamic crosslinked structure that strengthens the mechanical properties and provides high ionic conductivity, whereas the dopamine endows hydrogels with self-adhesive properties. Based on these integrated effects, the optimized zinc gluconate-regulated polydopamine–polyacrylamide hydrogel (PDA–PAM–Zn) exhibits a 75.04% enhancement in the mechanical strength (59.5 kPa) whilst also demonstrating a toughness of 198.84 kJ m−3, a Young's modulus of 19.351 kPa, and an ionic conductivity of 2.05 S m−1. Furthermore, the PDA–PAM–Zn hydrogel exhibits strong adhesion to various substrates (plastics, metals, glass).
{"title":"Mechanically robust gluconate-regulated polydopamine–polyacrylamide hydrogels with exceptional adhesion","authors":"Zhongyang Wang , Chengcheng Yin , Qiaoyu Ma , Songfang Zhao , Guangbin Duan , Degang Zhao , Shuhua Yang","doi":"10.1039/d5py01049g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5py01049g","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving intrinsic conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, and self-adhesiveness simultaneously in a stretchable ionic hydrogel is critical for the development of ionotronic applications, yet obtaining these properties in a single hydrogel continues to be a major hurdle in the field. Here, gluconate-regulated polydopamine–polyacrylamide hydrogels (PDA–PAM–X) are developed to simultaneously improve the mechanical robustness, self-adhesion, and ionic conductivity of PDA–PAM. The gluconate induces the formation of a dynamic crosslinked structure that strengthens the mechanical properties and provides high ionic conductivity, whereas the dopamine endows hydrogels with self-adhesive properties. Based on these integrated effects, the optimized zinc gluconate-regulated polydopamine–polyacrylamide hydrogel (PDA–PAM–Zn) exhibits a 75.04% enhancement in the mechanical strength (59.5 kPa) whilst also demonstrating a toughness of 198.84 kJ m<sup>−3</sup>, a Young's modulus of 19.351 kPa, and an ionic conductivity of 2.05 S m<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the PDA–PAM–Zn hydrogel exhibits strong adhesion to various substrates (plastics, metals, glass).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Chemistry","volume":"17 10","pages":"Pages 1019-1027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matilde Porcarello , Ettore Greco , Alberto Cellai , Rafael Turra Alarcon , Elizabeth Rossegger , Marco Sangermano
In this work, we developed and characterized bio-based formulations derived from functionalized vegetable oils, aiming to create sustainable resins suitable for 3D printing with dynamic polymer network (DPN) properties. Epoxidized castor oil (ECO), known for its inherent DPN behaviour due to the presence of hydroxyl groups enabling transesterification, was used as the primary component. However, its high viscosity at room temperature limits its printability. To address this, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), a less viscous and equally bio-based alternative, was blended with ECO in varying weight ratios: 100% ECO, 100% ESO, ECO–ESO 70–30, and ECO–ESO 50–50. UV-curing characterization of the prepared formulations was performed through FTIR and photo-DSC. Their thermal and mechanical properties were investigated through DMTA and tensile tests, while rheological analyses were conducted to assess their printability. DPN behaviour was evaluated via stress relaxation tests in the presence of a bio-based transesterification catalyst, eugenol-based phosphate ester (EUGP). Among the blends, the ECO–ESO 70–30 formulation retained good DPN dynamics, while in the 50–50 blend, this feature decreased due to the lack of hydroxyl groups in ESO. The DPN systems demonstrated successful 3D printability and were proven to be thermally reprocessable. This work highlights the potential of renewable, plant-oil-based materials in advancing circular and sustainable additive manufacturing technologies.
{"title":"3D printing with biobased epoxidized formulations based on vegetable oils with dynamic polymer network properties","authors":"Matilde Porcarello , Ettore Greco , Alberto Cellai , Rafael Turra Alarcon , Elizabeth Rossegger , Marco Sangermano","doi":"10.1039/d5py01069a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5py01069a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we developed and characterized bio-based formulations derived from functionalized vegetable oils, aiming to create sustainable resins suitable for 3D printing with dynamic polymer network (DPN) properties. Epoxidized castor oil (ECO), known for its inherent DPN behaviour due to the presence of hydroxyl groups enabling transesterification, was used as the primary component. However, its high viscosity at room temperature limits its printability. To address this, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), a less viscous and equally bio-based alternative, was blended with ECO in varying weight ratios: 100% ECO, 100% ESO, ECO–ESO 70–30, and ECO–ESO 50–50. UV-curing characterization of the prepared formulations was performed through FTIR and photo-DSC. Their thermal and mechanical properties were investigated through DMTA and tensile tests, while rheological analyses were conducted to assess their printability. DPN behaviour was evaluated <em>via</em> stress relaxation tests in the presence of a bio-based transesterification catalyst, eugenol-based phosphate ester (EUGP). Among the blends, the ECO–ESO 70–30 formulation retained good DPN dynamics, while in the 50–50 blend, this feature decreased due to the lack of hydroxyl groups in ESO. The DPN systems demonstrated successful 3D printability and were proven to be thermally reprocessable. This work highlights the potential of renewable, plant-oil-based materials in advancing circular and sustainable additive manufacturing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Chemistry","volume":"17 9","pages":"Pages 911-922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1039/d5py01182e
Syaiful Ahsan , Fitrilia Silvianti , Cornelis Post , Vincent S. D. Voet , Rudy Folkersma , Jeffy Joji , Louis M. Pitet , Subin Damodaran , Katja Loos , Dina Maniar
Annual plastic production volumes are more than 400 million tons and are anticipated to continue increasing over the next decade. The majority of plastics originate from fossil resources. Limited raw material reserves and ongoing utilization of plastics contribute to elevated CO2 emissions, ultimately contributing to climate change. Development of green polymers (i.e., biobased) is one way to reduce our environmental impact. Using renewable resources as raw materials for polymer synthesis reduces the reliance on petroleum and in some cases enables recycling and/or biodegradation. Various aliphatic biobased polyesters have been studied; however, they typically have low glass transition temperatures (Tg) and poor thermomechanical performance, which may limit their applications. In this work, we investigate the synthesis route and structure–property relationships of (co)polyesters from cyclic biobased monomers, camphoric acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM). We observed that increasing the reaction temperature and extending the reaction time led to increased molecular weight and yield of poly(cyclohexanedimethylene camphorate) (PCHC). Conversely, substituting p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) with a titanium(iv) isopropoxide (TTIP) catalyst led to reductions in both the molecular weight and yield. Furthermore, (co)polyesters with Tg values ranging from –29 to +56 °C were successfully synthesized. DSC and WAXD analyses suggest that the polyesters derived from camphoric acid and the linear diols were amorphous, whereas those based on CHDM were semicrystalline. This work helps address existing knowledge gaps in biobased polymer development by introducing cyclic biobased monomers that expand the current library of renewable materials, thereby broadening opportunities for advanced applications such as coating and packaging materials.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of biobased (co)polyesters derived from cyclic monomers: camphoric acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol","authors":"Syaiful Ahsan , Fitrilia Silvianti , Cornelis Post , Vincent S. D. Voet , Rudy Folkersma , Jeffy Joji , Louis M. Pitet , Subin Damodaran , Katja Loos , Dina Maniar","doi":"10.1039/d5py01182e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5py01182e","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Annual plastic production volumes are more than 400 million tons and are anticipated to continue increasing over the next decade. The majority of plastics originate from fossil resources. Limited raw material reserves and ongoing utilization of plastics contribute to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, ultimately contributing to climate change. Development of green polymers (<em>i.e.</em>, biobased) is one way to reduce our environmental impact. Using renewable resources as raw materials for polymer synthesis reduces the reliance on petroleum and in some cases enables recycling and/or biodegradation. Various aliphatic biobased polyesters have been studied; however, they typically have low glass transition temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub>) and poor thermomechanical performance, which may limit their applications. In this work, we investigate the synthesis route and structure–property relationships of (co)polyesters from cyclic biobased monomers, camphoric acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM). We observed that increasing the reaction temperature and extending the reaction time led to increased molecular weight and yield of poly(cyclohexanedimethylene camphorate) (PCHC). Conversely, substituting <em>p</em>-toluenesulfonic acid (<em>p</em>-TSA) with a titanium(<span>iv</span>) isopropoxide (TTIP) catalyst led to reductions in both the molecular weight and yield. Furthermore, (co)polyesters with <em>T</em><sub>g</sub> values ranging from –29 to +56 °C were successfully synthesized. DSC and WAXD analyses suggest that the polyesters derived from camphoric acid and the linear diols were amorphous, whereas those based on CHDM were semicrystalline. This work helps address existing knowledge gaps in biobased polymer development by introducing cyclic biobased monomers that expand the current library of renewable materials, thereby broadening opportunities for advanced applications such as coating and packaging materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Chemistry","volume":"17 9","pages":"Pages 923-936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polysiloxanes are widely used in various household, industrial, and biomedical products; however, the effects of their composition and sequence on the melt viscosity have not been investigated in detail. A series of discrete linear oligosiloxanes with precisely controlled compositions and sequences was prepared in this study, and the relationship between their molecular structures and melt viscosities was examined. The oligomers possessed linear structures composed of dimethylsiloxy (D) and diphenylsiloxy (P) units with trimethylsiloxy (M) ends. P-repeat oligomers contained consecutive P blocks including exact numbers of P units. The prepared oligomers were employed to explore the specific effects of block structures. The 26-meric sequence isomers exhibited identical M/D/P compositions and four sequence-repeating blocks: (PD)12, (PPDD)6, (PPPDDD)4, and (PPPPDDDD)3. This facile synthetic methodology enabled the preparation of well-defined oligomers on the gram scale and estimation of their melt viscosities through actual measurements. The oligodimethylsiloxanes were also compared using previously reported viscosity values. Each oligosiloxane was uniform in terms of the M/D/P composition, sequence, and molecular weight. These oligosiloxanes were distinguished by their viscosity–molecular weight relationships; a steep enhancement in viscosity with an increasing number of consecutively repeated P units and a distinct influence of block sequence patterns on the viscosity of the 26-mers were observed. To gain molecular insights, the oligosiloxane viscosities were analyzed using the Rouse model and its modifications, and the effects of structural factors on the melt viscosity of the oligosiloxanes were discussed. The findings of this work demonstrate that appropriate Rouse model variants can effectively explain how the composition and sequence influence the melt viscosity of oligosiloxanes.
{"title":"Structure–melt viscosity relationship of discrete sequence-specific linear oligo(dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane)s","authors":"Hiroyuki Minamikawa , Takahiro Kawatsu , Kazuhiro Matsumoto","doi":"10.1039/d5py00958h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5py00958h","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polysiloxanes are widely used in various household, industrial, and biomedical products; however, the effects of their composition and sequence on the melt viscosity have not been investigated in detail. A series of discrete linear oligosiloxanes with precisely controlled compositions and sequences was prepared in this study, and the relationship between their molecular structures and melt viscosities was examined. The oligomers possessed linear structures composed of dimethylsiloxy (<strong>D</strong>) and diphenylsiloxy (<strong>P</strong>) units with trimethylsiloxy (<strong>M</strong>) ends. <strong>P</strong>-repeat oligomers contained consecutive <strong>P</strong> blocks including exact numbers of <strong>P</strong> units. The prepared oligomers were employed to explore the specific effects of block structures. The 26-meric sequence isomers exhibited identical <strong>M</strong>/<strong>D</strong>/<strong>P</strong> compositions and four sequence-repeating blocks: (<strong>PD</strong>)<sub>12</sub>, (<strong>PPDD</strong>)<sub>6</sub>, (<strong>PPPDDD</strong>)<sub>4</sub>, and (<strong>PPPPDDDD</strong>)<sub>3</sub>. This facile synthetic methodology enabled the preparation of well-defined oligomers on the gram scale and estimation of their melt viscosities through actual measurements. The oligodimethylsiloxanes were also compared using previously reported viscosity values. Each oligosiloxane was uniform in terms of the <strong>M</strong>/<strong>D</strong>/<strong>P</strong> composition, sequence, and molecular weight. These oligosiloxanes were distinguished by their viscosity–molecular weight relationships; a steep enhancement in viscosity with an increasing number of consecutively repeated <strong>P</strong> units and a distinct influence of block sequence patterns on the viscosity of the 26-mers were observed. To gain molecular insights, the oligosiloxane viscosities were analyzed using the Rouse model and its modifications, and the effects of structural factors on the melt viscosity of the oligosiloxanes were discussed. The findings of this work demonstrate that appropriate Rouse model variants can effectively explain how the composition and sequence influence the melt viscosity of oligosiloxanes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Chemistry","volume":"17 9","pages":"Pages 946-953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1039/d5py01064k
Safia Haider , Xiaopeng Sun , Xiao Wu , Kai Wang , Yezhen Chen , Xinchao Dong , Zaijun Lu
The need for thermosetting resins with low dielectric properties and high-heat-resistance has increased due to the miniaturization, high frequency and high integration of electrical and electronic devices. In this work, the hydroxyl groups of the bisphenol A moiety were modified with bulky and low-polarity groups to investigate the structure–property relationship. With a low dielectric constant (Dk) and dielectric loss (Df), this molecular design improved the high-frequency dielectric performance by effectively suppressing orientational polarization. Two different bisphenol A derivatives were converted into novel vinylbenzyl-terminated bisphenol A ethers i.e., vinylbenzyl tetramethyl bisphenol A (V-TMBP) and vinylbenzyl bisphenol A formaldehyde (V-BPF) via Williamson's synthesis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the chemical structures. FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the curing behaviours; an exothermic peak representing homopolymerization of terminal vinyl groups was observed. Combining the polymerization conditions and the optimized chemical structure produced a vinylbenzyl bisphenol A formaldehyde resin, having an exceptional dielectric performance with Dk = 2.42, Df = 0.0065 at 10 GHz and a high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 290 °C, and a vinylbenzyl tetramethyl bisphenol A resin with Dk = 2.60, Df = 0.0046 at 10 GHz and a Tg value of 250 °C. In conclusion, the vinylbenzyl bisphenol A formaldehyde resin has several outstanding features making it an excellent choice for use in high-performance fields, including aerospace and advanced microelectronics.
{"title":"A low-dielectric, high-heat-resistant vinylbenzyl-terminated bisphenol A formaldehyde resin","authors":"Safia Haider , Xiaopeng Sun , Xiao Wu , Kai Wang , Yezhen Chen , Xinchao Dong , Zaijun Lu","doi":"10.1039/d5py01064k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5py01064k","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need for thermosetting resins with low dielectric properties and high-heat-resistance has increased due to the miniaturization, high frequency and high integration of electrical and electronic devices. In this work, the hydroxyl groups of the bisphenol A moiety were modified with bulky and low-polarity groups to investigate the structure–property relationship. With a low dielectric constant (<em>D</em><sub>k</sub>) and dielectric loss (<em>D</em><sub>f</sub>), this molecular design improved the high-frequency dielectric performance by effectively suppressing orientational polarization. Two different bisphenol A derivatives were converted into novel vinylbenzyl-terminated bisphenol A ethers <em>i.e.</em>, vinylbenzyl tetramethyl bisphenol A (V-TMBP) and vinylbenzyl bisphenol A formaldehyde (V-BPF) <em>via</em> Williamson's synthesis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the chemical structures. FT-IR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the curing behaviours; an exothermic peak representing homopolymerization of terminal vinyl groups was observed. Combining the polymerization conditions and the optimized chemical structure produced a vinylbenzyl bisphenol A formaldehyde resin, having an exceptional dielectric performance with <em>D</em><sub>k</sub> = 2.42, <em>D</em><sub>f</sub> = 0.0065 at 10 GHz and a high glass transition temperature (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub>) of 290 °C, and a vinylbenzyl tetramethyl bisphenol A resin with <em>D</em><sub>k</sub> = 2.60, <em>D</em><sub>f</sub> = 0.0046 at 10 GHz and a <em>T</em><sub>g</sub> value of 250 °C. In conclusion, the vinylbenzyl bisphenol A formaldehyde resin has several outstanding features making it an excellent choice for use in high-performance fields, including aerospace and advanced microelectronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Chemistry","volume":"17 9","pages":"Pages 937-945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radical copolymerization of vinyl- and isopropenyl-type boron monomers followed by side-chain oxidation enabled the synthesis of α-methylated poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVAs), which are difficult to obtain by conventional methods. The composition ratio of the resulting vinyl alcohol (VA)–isopropenyl alcohol (IPA) copolymers was tunable in a wide range (VA/IPA = 84/16–7/93 mol%) by adjusting the monomer feed ratio in the copolymerization step. All copolymers were amorphous in the bulk state regardless of their composition ratios, despite the semi-crystalline nature of both VA and IPA homopolymers. In solution, copolymers with specific compositions exhibited solvent-dependent thermal-responsive behavior: lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type transitions in water and upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type transitions in acetone.
{"title":"Property modulation of poly(vinyl alcohol)s via controlled incorporation of α-methyl groups using alkenylboron monomers","authors":"Hiroshi Suzuki , Tsuyoshi Nishikawa , Makoto Ouchi","doi":"10.1039/d5py01168j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5py01168j","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radical copolymerization of vinyl- and isopropenyl-type boron monomers followed by side-chain oxidation enabled the synthesis of α-methylated poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVAs), which are difficult to obtain by conventional methods. The composition ratio of the resulting vinyl alcohol (VA)–isopropenyl alcohol (IPA) copolymers was tunable in a wide range (VA/IPA = 84/16–7/93 mol%) by adjusting the monomer feed ratio in the copolymerization step. All copolymers were amorphous in the bulk state regardless of their composition ratios, despite the semi-crystalline nature of both VA and IPA homopolymers. In solution, copolymers with specific compositions exhibited solvent-dependent thermal-responsive behavior: lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type transitions in water and upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type transitions in acetone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Chemistry","volume":"17 9","pages":"Pages 903-910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene derivatives is useful for preparing thermally stable and transparent polymeric materials with excellent moldability. The present paper deals with the ring-opening metathesis copolymerization of a norbornene monomer tethering a platinum (Pt) arylacetylide complex moiety and a norbornene monomer tethering a 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) moiety and investigation of the photoluminescent properties. All the copolymers luminesced brightly under N2. The copolymers did not exhibit triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion in the absence of DPA, but did so in the presence of DPA. This result indicates that it is necessary not only for the sensitizing Pt moiety and emitting DPA moiety to be present in the polynorbornene side chain but also for the relative positions of the two moieties to be appropriately controlled.
{"title":"Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of polynorbornenes bearing platinum complex and diphenylanthracene moieties in the side chains","authors":"Yuki Horino , Ryota Kobayashi , Toshiko Mizokuro , Hiromitsu Sogawa , Fumio Sanda","doi":"10.1039/d5py00874c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5py00874c","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene derivatives is useful for preparing thermally stable and transparent polymeric materials with excellent moldability. The present paper deals with the ring-opening metathesis copolymerization of a norbornene monomer tethering a platinum (Pt) arylacetylide complex moiety and a norbornene monomer tethering a 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) moiety and investigation of the photoluminescent properties. All the copolymers luminesced brightly under N<sub>2</sub>. The copolymers did not exhibit triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion in the absence of DPA, but did so in the presence of DPA. This result indicates that it is necessary not only for the sensitizing Pt moiety and emitting DPA moiety to be present in the polynorbornene side chain but also for the relative positions of the two moieties to be appropriately controlled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Chemistry","volume":"17 9","pages":"Pages 954-962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1039/d5py01177a
Taohedul Islam , Xiangbo Meng
Poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid polymer electrolytes (PEO-SPEs) are among the most extensively studied candidates for next-generation solid-state lithium batteries due to their favorable ion coordination, processability, and cost-effectiveness. However, their practical utilization is hindered by low room temperature conductivity, limited electrochemical stability, and vulnerability to dendrite formation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in PEO-SPEs, focusing on polymer design strategies—including block copolymers, graft copolymers, crosslinked networks, and composite architectures through integration of organic and inorganic fillers, as well as ionic liquids. Furthermore, emerging salt chemistries such as single-ion/dual-ion conducting matrix and dual-salt systems are evaluated, in addition to the flame retardant formulations of the PEO-SPEs. By integrating insights from molecular engineering, interfacial science, and electrochemical characterization, this review highlights the synergistic pathways toward multifunctional PEO-SPEs capable of meeting the demands of high-energy, safe, and flexible solid-state lithium batteries.
{"title":"Strategies and chemistries for designing poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid-state electrolytes","authors":"Taohedul Islam , Xiangbo Meng","doi":"10.1039/d5py01177a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5py01177a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid polymer electrolytes (PEO-SPEs) are among the most extensively studied candidates for next-generation solid-state lithium batteries due to their favorable ion coordination, processability, and cost-effectiveness. However, their practical utilization is hindered by low room temperature conductivity, limited electrochemical stability, and vulnerability to dendrite formation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in PEO-SPEs, focusing on polymer design strategies—including block copolymers, graft copolymers, crosslinked networks, and composite architectures through integration of organic and inorganic fillers, as well as ionic liquids. Furthermore, emerging salt chemistries such as single-ion/dual-ion conducting matrix and dual-salt systems are evaluated, in addition to the flame retardant formulations of the PEO-SPEs. By integrating insights from molecular engineering, interfacial science, and electrochemical characterization, this review highlights the synergistic pathways toward multifunctional PEO-SPEs capable of meeting the demands of high-energy, safe, and flexible solid-state lithium batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Chemistry","volume":"17 9","pages":"Pages 873-896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1039/d5py01009h
Xueyuan Li , Xiaojing Lu , Jian Tang , Francesca Patel-Burrows , Lee A. Fielding
The synthesis of pH-responsive nanogels via reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT)-mediated polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA) in aqueous media, using poly(potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate)44-block-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate1−x%-stat-methacrylic acidx%)300 (PKSPMA44-b-P(HPMA1−x%-stat-MAAx%)300) block copolymers is reported. These nanogels exhibit pronounced and tunable pH-dependent swelling, excellent colloidal stability, and reversibility across multiple pH cycles. These findings advance the design of smart soft materials and establish RAFT-mediated PISA nanogels as promising candidates for pH-triggered delivery systems, biosensing platforms, and adaptive biomaterials.
{"title":"Highly swellable pH-responsive nanogels generated by polymerisation-induced self-assembly","authors":"Xueyuan Li , Xiaojing Lu , Jian Tang , Francesca Patel-Burrows , Lee A. Fielding","doi":"10.1039/d5py01009h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5py01009h","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of pH-responsive nanogels <em>via</em> reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT)-mediated polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA) in aqueous media, using poly(potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate)<sub>44</sub>-<em>block</em>-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate<sub>1−<em>x</em>%</sub>-<em>stat</em>-methacrylic acid<sub><em>x</em>%</sub>)<sub>300</sub> (PKSPMA<sub>44</sub>-<em>b</em>-P(HPMA<sub>1−<em>x</em>%</sub>-<em>stat</em>-MAA<sub><em>x</em>%</sub>)<sub>300</sub>) block copolymers is reported. These nanogels exhibit pronounced and tunable pH-dependent swelling, excellent colloidal stability, and reversibility across multiple pH cycles. These findings advance the design of smart soft materials and establish RAFT-mediated PISA nanogels as promising candidates for pH-triggered delivery systems, biosensing platforms, and adaptive biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Chemistry","volume":"17 9","pages":"Pages 897-902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conducting polymers complexed with magnetic nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their potential applications in magnetic materials for biomedical and clinical uses. In this study, a unique and facile method is described for the preparation of a novel composite, which consists of poly(3-methoxythiophene) combined with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Notably, hydrazine reduction of the resulting complex formed between poly(3-methoxythiophene) and the iron chlorides produced the desired composite under an ambient atmosphere without any additional energy input. This was also achieved without controlling the amount and addition rate of hydrazine, or adjusting the system pH. Elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the approximate empirical formula of the composite was (C5H5OS)2(C5H4OS)9.3·0.25Cl·5.5Fe3O4·9.4H2O. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations demonstrated the presence of almost spherical Fe3O4 particles with diameters ranging from ∼20 to 200 nm in the composite. Furthermore, superconducting quantum interference device measurements demonstrated its superparamagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 11.9 emu g−1 at 300 K. Moreover, ferrimagnetic behavior was detected, with a saturation magnetization of 20.2 emu g−1 and a coercivity of 500 Oe at 5 K. Overall, this work represents a novel and mild approach for the synthesis of magnetic materials using polythiophenes, one of the most prominent and commercially successful conducting polymers, which are known to exhibit good chemical and electrochemical stabilities under air, and in the presence of moisture, both in the doped and undoped states.
{"title":"Preparation, characterization, and magnetic properties of poly(3-methoxythiophene)-Fe3O4 conducting nanocomposite","authors":"Katsuyoshi Hoshino , Kiho Kashiwagi , Minako Tachiki , Hyuma Masu , Satoru Tsukada","doi":"10.1039/d5py00933b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5py00933b","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conducting polymers complexed with magnetic nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their potential applications in magnetic materials for biomedical and clinical uses. In this study, a unique and facile method is described for the preparation of a novel composite, which consists of poly(3-methoxythiophene) combined with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. Notably, hydrazine reduction of the resulting complex formed between poly(3-methoxythiophene) and the iron chlorides produced the desired composite under an ambient atmosphere without any additional energy input. This was also achieved without controlling the amount and addition rate of hydrazine, or adjusting the system pH. Elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the approximate empirical formula of the composite was (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OS)<sub>2</sub>(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>OS)<sub>9.3</sub>·0.25Cl·5.5Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·9.4H<sub>2</sub>O. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations demonstrated the presence of almost spherical Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles with diameters ranging from ∼20 to 200 nm in the composite. Furthermore, superconducting quantum interference device measurements demonstrated its superparamagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 11.9 emu g<sup>−1</sup> at 300 K. Moreover, ferrimagnetic behavior was detected, with a saturation magnetization of 20.2 emu g<sup>−1</sup> and a coercivity of 500 Oe at 5 K. Overall, this work represents a novel and mild approach for the synthesis of magnetic materials using polythiophenes, one of the most prominent and commercially successful conducting polymers, which are known to exhibit good chemical and electrochemical stabilities under air, and in the presence of moisture, both in the doped and undoped states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Chemistry","volume":"17 8","pages":"Pages 796-806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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