RAI Revista de Administra??o e Inova??o最新文献

The objective of this study was to compare motivations for entrepreneurship, business planning, and risk management between two groups of university students: those who already had a business (experienced entrepreneurs) and those intending to start one (potential entrepreneurs). A total of 424 undergraduate and graduate students participated in the survey study. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted to compare the groups. The results indicate that the entrepreneurial motivations of potential student entrepreneurs are higher than those of experienced student entrepreneurs. In the process of creating the business, it was shown that both groups of students are cautious about managing business risks, but the group of potential student entrepreneurs appeared more concerned with the business plan than the experienced group.

Policies and health actions generate benefits that extrapolate the specificity of its purpose of providing welfare for the population, given its recognized impact in generating technological innovations, employment and income. However, such progress levels are unevenly distributed in countries, so that certain diseases and allocative and ethical questions associated with the development of new mechanisms for diagnosis, of treatment and cure did not find satisfactory answers yet. In Brazil, such a scenario has not been shown different, demanding a wider discussion encompassing the country's economic and social conditions. Contrasting the analytical and empirical results observed in policies and actions toward the Health Economic-Industrial Complex (CEIS) to establish the barriers as well as structural and economic opportunities for the promotion of health innovations in Brazil, this work raises a number of critical considerations in view of identifying and systematizing gaps in health innovation in the country, thereby proposing a positive comprehensive research agenda on the topic.

Research into the adoption of technological innovations often evaluates the features that users engage with when using these innovations (Leal and Albertin, 2015, Perez, 2006, Perez and Zwicker, 2010). In this research, we identified the internal factors affecting the adoption of a technological innovation, as defined by information systems (IS) in healthcare, the electronic health record, and evaluated the results of adoption for individuals and groups using this system. We opted for a study in a hospital in Porto Alegre-Rio Grande do Sul, with mother and child specialties. Quantitative techniques were selected, questionnaires with users of the electronic health record, physicians, administrators, nurses, and technicians. We used a multivariate statistical technique of structural equation modeling, using the statistical software SmartPLS^®. The survey results indicated that some internal variables to the health sector, such as communication, the participatory process and the form of decision for innovation can contribute effectively to the adoption of technological innovations. The proposed model also served to evaluate the results achieved with the adoption of this IS, which is realized through the following: the introduction of new processes; improvement of the existing ones; easier access to patient information, and creating new solutions for customers. Before the system, these were not possible to implement.

The general aim was to propose a theoretical model for the implementation and scalability of science parks. For this purpose, an in-depth study was conducted at the Santos Science Park (SSP), as this is the only implementation and scalability program for science parks in the country whose central focus is on energy (oil and natural gas). The study was qualitative and exploratory in nature and the methodology used was the case study, with data collected from multiple sources. These sources included bibliographic research, document analysis, a workshop and meetings with members of the Board of Directors of the SSP. Information on other consolidated science parks in the country (Tecnopuc in Porto Alegre and Porto Digital in Recife), which was important to the structuring of the theoretical model for the implementation and scalability of the SSP, was obtained from semi-structured interviews with their managers. The results showed that the implementation of the SSP will require not only a legal format and an adequate real estate project, but will also involve the articulation of political, economic and social activities that precede the implementation of the venture. These activities will define the criteria for the concession and use of the park's infrastructure and services. They also include the mechanisms for economic and financial support and social rules that will affect the interface of the park with its resident and non-resident companies and society. The conclusions of the study led to the proposal of a theoretical model for the implementation and scalability of a science park through the development of dynamic, ambidextrous and relational capabilities that together result in a scalable innovation cycle.

The complexity of the innovation process and the difficulty faced by organizations when performing their required activities to stay active and competitive have led to a large number of companies to work in a network. This network enables the sharing of risks and resources, provides access to information and solutions, and facilitates research and development among other means of innovation with regard to products and processes. In this context, this paper mainly analyzes the setting for interorganizational cooperation for innovation in the Brazilian panorama between 2003 and 2011 based on data from the Innovation Research, known as PINTEC, elaborated by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Through documental research, within a qualitative framework, secondary data were used, which were obtained from the PINTEC reports on cooperation among companies in Brazil, to construct a panorama of the cooperative scenario during the selected timeframe. The analysis revealed that, for the analyzed timeframe, Brazilian companies had most of their cooperative activities with the public with whom they maintain direct contact, such as their clients or consumers and suppliers. Furthermore, it revealed that actors such as universities or research institutes are not considered to be important for cooperative relationships or as information sources. As such, it can be inferred that cooperative activities for innovation are incipient and are not considered as strategic activities by organizations in the Brazilian panorama.

The social capital issue is related, in the organisational context, to the creation of competitive advantages for companies, starting with the assumption that economic variables are not adequate for social development and building a sustainable environment. In addition, the social capital has become a competitive resource, since it can enhance the individual and collective capacity based on collaborative practices. Also, it may become a source of improvement or maintenance of the competitiveness in member organisations in networks. At the same time, the significance of the innovation process for organisational competitiveness is a well known fact, while the same does not occur independently and is influenced by several factors. In this sense, this study is aimed primarily at checking whether the social capital and competitiveness factors have an impact on the innovation of companies linked to networks. Therefore, making use of self-administered questionnaires as data-collection technique, a descriptive and quantitative study was conducted. To analyse the results, analysis of variance and linear regression were used. The main results illustrate the differences between sources of information for innovation in these networks. In addition, the study results confirm that social capital has influence on the dimensions for the improvement of competitiveness and these dimensions, in turn, influence some types of innovation.

Based on the importance of innovation to global competitiveness and the importance that the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa countries represent for the world economy, the purpose of this study is to analyze the innovation progress of BRICS as a block and its individual members from 2008 to 2013. The Global Innovation Index was used as a source of data due to its recognized importance. Innovation is measured by inputs and outputs in this data bank. Two analyses were done. First, the innovation index of BRICS was analyzed as a whole showing a drastic decrease in the innovation index during the economic crises of 2008–2009 followed by a timid recovery. Second, a regression analysis between inputs and outputs for each country is run. The regression analysis by country presents a small R² showing that the relation between inputs and outputs cannot be satisfactorily explained. However, when the BRICS group is considered it shows a significant relation with R² = 64%.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences between what the theory shows about the importance of the environment in the innovation and what can be found in its results of empirical research. The environment, although very important, is treated as a whole, not allowing the possible environmental configurations, which have different characteristics, to be identified. The general approach to the environment on innovation, particularly in the selection of innovation indicators, causes a gap between theory and practice. Through research reports and secondary data and bibliometric analysis it is observed that the selection of innovation indicators is not aligned to the environmental context, which may cause deviations in measurement. The literature review on innovation and environment and an analysis of empirical approach studies, especially secondary and bibliometric data were explored in this study. By examining the differences between theory and practice of research, it is concluded that there are no studies relating the selection of innovation indicators for the environment and that the generic approach results have no reliability. As a contribution, it is presented a model that allows one to analyze the environment in choosing the most appropriate indicators to measure innovation in order to reduce the identified differences.

Recent studies point to alternate models of public management with the purpose of surpassing the assumptions of the New Public Management. The current theoretical debate centers on the prevalent view that government is not following a specific management model of well-organized principles and guidelines. Instead, the literature converges on the perception that the contemporary public administration functions with tendencies closer to innovative management principles and tools. Given the recent structural changes in Brazil, is the government functioning under any model or is it converging with any trends? This paper systematically explores the improvements in management raised from the winning initiatives of the Federal Award of Public Management Innovation, from 2007 to 2014. Research indicates nearly all principles and tools described were incorporated, in varying degrees, in the winning innovations in the federal government. Most initiatives (98%) fall into the trend. The prevailing innovations are based on information technology and networking strategies as to provide better quality and more efficient public services.

University–industry interaction (U–I) acquires relevance to countries to the extent that they identify how scientific knowledge produced within universities enhances technological development in firms and facilitates innovations. Universities are invigorated by the possibility of new scientific investigations that these relationships provide. The objective of this article is to analyze the establishment and development of U–I interactions in Santa Catarina, Brazil, of four universities through evolutionary phases, forms of interaction, benefits, and barriers. A total of 38 in-depth interviews were conducted during the data collection stage. To support the analysis and presentation of results, the qualitative data analysis software Atlas/ti, version 7.1.3 was used. The results pointed to non-linearity in the evolution of U–I interaction and demonstrate that most of the relationships between universities and firms are concentrated in traditional and services channels. Moreover, their interaction intensity is evident in the short term with the flow of knowledge being directed from universities to firms. With regard to benefits and barriers, the research results expand on the avenues outlined in the literature, which reflects some characteristics of this interaction type in Brazil, whose relationships are still new and do not yet have a solid trajectory.