RAI Revista de Administra??o e Inova??o最新文献

This study analyzed the relationship between actor centrality of Network Projects and scientific productivity performance using a method known as Social Network Analysis. Social Network Analysis and its respective properties are able to analyze actors’ positions in the structure and existing social interactions in networks. Thus, this method generates indicators to understand the format of collaborative structures of projects and their respective performances in scientific productivity. In order to carry out this proposal, models for multimodal analysis were used, taking into consideration different centrality measures. The behavior of centrality metrics has proven to be significantly different for analyses. Furthermore, the correlations between these metrics and scientific productivity performance have shown to be important in achieving project goals. This shows that the more centrality there is, the greater the chance the project has to achieve its goals.

Many Brazilian universities have technology-based incubators, but there is a small presence of firms created by students, alumni or teachers (spin-offs). Thus, such incubators do not encourage the transfer of technologies developed in universities to society, through the creation of new businesses, one of the main ways of university–industry interaction. To test this assumption, we studied eight university incubators. As a theoretical basis, we used the concepts of open innovation and entrepreneurial university; as a methodology, we adopted a qualitative approach through the use of bibliographical, documental and field research, with in-depth interviews. Results show that there is no priority for companies created from academic research results, despite the incubators’ preference for projects that have a high potential for interaction with the university. Also, there are few efforts to attract the academic audience, which leads to underutilization of this important channel for the transfer of research results.

This paper aims at establishing a theoretical construction between the concept of learning-by-using and the concepts of Technological Readiness Level (TRL) and System Readiness Level (SRL). The concept of learning-by-using reveals that the technical change that takes place in complex systems is given by the sum of small improvements in many different technological disciplines integrated in a specific configuration of this system. This kind of learning results from the iterative combination of scientific and technological knowledge, which is generated by the extensive use of products and their associated production processes. A stock of this combined knowledge might be required to cope with emergent properties of complex systems. The pattern of complex systems evolution involves the balance of technological and scientific frontiers as well as the fulfillment of customer expectation. Every innovation involves systemic uncertainty, which is positively correlated to the magnitude of the change introduced into the complex system. Maturity level of technological solutions allows organizations to assess pragmatically strategic risk exposure of implementing complex system innovation. The concept of SRL represents a proficuous tool to unveil emergent properties, which consider both the TRL of individual elements and how they are integrated into a complex system.

The connection between change and innovation is not always linear and there are not many studies on the subject in the area of services. This study aims to explain the link between willingness to change and innovation in services. The constructs Willingness to Change in Services and Innovation in Services have been analyzed. Two scales were applied in order to measure these constructs in a sample of 351 companies developing software services in Brazil. Two indices were generated: the Willingness to Change Coefficient – derived from the perception of technical staff and managers in relation to the variables of each factor on the Willingness to Change in Services scale – and the Innovation in Services Coefficient – derived from measures concerning the introduction of new or substantially improved software by companies and their impact. Linear regression analysis showed no significant correlation between Willingness to Change in Services and Innovation in Services. These findings can be explained by factors such as the dissonance between the constitutive logic of the Willingness to Change in Services and IS scales, since the former applies fully to the analysis of services while the latter derives from industrial indicators; the omission of phenomena that may act as mediators in the relationship; the nature of Change in Services, which could be related to other processes than those directly related to customer and provider, so that the agents of change are not considered in innovation measures and, therefore, not measurable on the Innovation in Services scale.

This paper theorizes on how globalization and localization affect internationalization of science and analyzes the institutional trajectory of Brazil's large scale program, now suspended, Science without Borders (SwB). Counter to the main goal of SwB, our analysis of the historical genesis of Brazilian science institutions reveals a systemic pull toward localization that dampens internationalization. In addition, our analysis of geographic diversification of grants highlights a missing link in the study abroad value chain, which is a lack of training for global skills. The primary area of concern has been to improve language proficiency. What receives less attention is the development of additional skills, such as a student's ability to adapt to the foreign academic environment, that are critical to cultivation and maintenance of long-term professional and institutional relationships. The missing link of service ought to include improved language proficiency, but go beyond that by working with students to provide the cultural, communication, learning, social, and academic skills that are often assumed in the new foreign environment but are not so evident in the country of origin, such as Brazil.

Aiming to increase the competitiveness, technology and security of vehicles produced and sold by the Brazilian Automotive Industry, in 2012 the Brazilian Federal Government established the “Inovar Auto” by executive law. Given the relevance and scope of the Inovar Auto Law, this paper aims to conduct a review of the preliminary results already obtained by different companies that joined the program. Therefore, through interviews with governmental agents, R&D managers, as well as R&D public and private centers representatives, we intend to analyze the quantity and quality of R&D projects developed by the Brazilian Automotive Industry, with or without an external partnership, analyzing how Inovar Auto Law has influenced this result. The interviews and data presented herein suggest that the program is very promising as regards the increase in number and in quality of the R&D activities developed by assemblers, systemists and Institutes of Science and Technologies connected to the automotive chain and particularly to the energy efficiency aspects highlighted in the program.

Central and local governments in China are investing heavily in the development of Electric Vehicles. Businesses and governments all over the world are searching for technological innovations that reduce costs and increase usage of “environmentally friendly” vehicles. China became the largest car producer in 2009 and it is strongly investing in the manufacturing of electric vehicles. This paper examines the incentives provided by Chinese governments (national and local) and the strategies pursued by BYD, the largest Chinese EVs manufacturer. Specifically, our paper helps to show how government support in the form of subsidies combined with effective strategies implemented by BYD helps to explain why this emerging industry has expanded successfully in China. Our study is based on primary data, including interviews with company headquarters and Brazilian subsidiary managers, and secondary data.

The issue of upgrading in global value chains has been treated in the literature, but there are still gaps to be filled in. One issue that still needs further investigation is the relation of business strategy and evolution of firms in global value chains, known as upgrading in the literature. In this paper, we have the objective of examining the occurrence and quality of upgrading in internationalized Information Technology firms of Brazilian origin. We employed the multiple case study method researching eight IT firms to study the issue. Different from what is expected, facts presented in the paper imply that although global value chains and upgrading are confirmed as useful concepts, not all the findings the literature presents converge with what this research brings. As for example, results do not converge with what was found in the literature for clothing. In other results, we confirmed what is in the literature, most notably, having the evolution in the chain blocked by clients and also competitive marginalization. Similar to any research, this one has limitations, which we list at the end of the manuscript.

The open innovation concept emerges as a substantial factor to innovation management of organizations. Given the importance of universities to the innovation system, they also have adapted to this new paradigm. The objective was to identify the main partners of federal universities of Minas Gerais state - Brazil about the technological development. Characterized as qualitative and descriptive, the research was based on secondary data collected in the INPI patent database through the CNPJ of the 11 federal universities. Thus, it was evidenced that the interactions carried out by federal universities analyzed are an important way of corroborating for technological development.

This study aimed to describe the adoption process in light of the diffusion of innovations and technologies of the management system enterprise resource planning in a non-profit organization, considering inhibiting and facilitating factors of this process and innovations or arising benefits. A descriptive qualitative approach was conducted through a case study. Triangulation of researchers was used in the content analysis of the empirical evidences obtained through 17 structured interviews. It was concluded with this study that the facilitating factors outweigh the inhibiting factors of the adoption of the system. With regard to innovations arising from the adoption of this technology, it was found that there were process and administrative innovations through the implementation of new processes, practices and structural organization, which resulted in the effective reach of the organization's objective, with respect to the compliance for business customers which had as goal to adjust themselves to the standards of minimum quotas for hiring young apprentices.