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Low-cost fabrication of high-performance anode-supported SOFCs with anti-carbon deposition capability 具有抗碳沉积能力的高性能阳极负载sofc的低成本制造

Resources Chemicals and Materials

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2025.100117

Shang Peng , Zhao Liu , Pairuzha Xiaokaiti , Tiancheng Fang , Jiwei Wang , Guoqing Guan , Abuliti Abudula

The development of cost-effective solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is crucial for the large-scale application. In this study, anode-supported SOFC single cells were fabricated using a combination of slurry spraying and spin-coating technique to achieve a dense Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte layer while maintaining low production cost. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated SOFC was evaluated using hydrogen and dry methane as fuels. Microstructural analysis confirmed that the YSZ electrolyte exhibited high densification with a thickness of approximately 10 μm, ensuring excellent gas-tightness and preventing fuel crossover. The NiO-YSZ anode demonstrated favorable porosity, with well-sintered NiO particles forming a robust framework to facilitate electrochemical reactions. Performance evaluations revealed that under hydrogen operation, the SOFC achieved a peak power density of 1.408 W/cm² at 1000 °C, with open-circuit voltages (OCVs) closely matching theoretical predictions. When operated with dry methane, the SOFC maintained stable performance, reaching a peak power density of 0.96 W/cm² at 1000 °C, highlighting its potential for direct hydrocarbon utilization. Gas composition analysis of the anode exhaust confirmed the absence of excessive carbon deposition, indicating the effectiveness of the anode microstructure in mitigating coking during methane oxidation. These findings demonstrate that the spray-coated and spin-coated SOFC design offers a promising approach to improving fuel cell efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Future research should focus on optimizing electrolyte fabrication methods and enhancing anode stability in hydrocarbon-fueled operation to further advance the commercialization of SOFC technology.

开发高性价比的固体氧化物燃料电池是实现其大规模应用的关键。在本研究中，采用浆液喷涂和旋涂技术相结合的方法制备了阳极负载的SOFC单电池，在保持低生产成本的同时，获得了致密的钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）电解质层。以氢气和干甲烷为燃料，对制备的SOFC的电化学性能进行了评价。显微结构分析证实，YSZ电解质具有致密性，厚度约为10 μm，具有良好的气密性和防止燃料交叉。NiO- ysz阳极表现出良好的孔隙率，烧结良好的NiO颗粒形成坚固的框架，有利于电化学反应。性能评估表明，在氢气操作下，SOFC在1000°C下实现了1.408 W/cm²的峰值功率密度，开路电压（ocv）与理论预测非常吻合。当与干甲烷一起工作时，SOFC保持稳定的性能，在1000°C时达到0.96 W/cm²的峰值功率密度，突出了其直接利用碳氢化合物的潜力。阳极排气的气体成分分析证实没有过量的碳沉积，表明阳极微观结构在减轻甲烷氧化过程中的结焦方面是有效的。这些发现表明，喷雾涂层和旋转涂层SOFC设计为提高燃料电池效率和成本效益提供了一种有前途的方法。未来的研究应集中在优化电解质制造方法和提高碳氢燃料操作中阳极的稳定性，以进一步推进SOFC技术的商业化。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar-assisted gasification of raw biomass: a review on the reactivity and synergistic effect on tar reforming 生物炭辅助生物质气化：反应性及其对焦油重整的协同效应研究进展

Resources Chemicals and Materials

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2025.100115

Aghietyas Choirun Az Zahra , Alahakoon Mudiyanselage Yushani Wimansika Alahakoon , Lianfeng Zhu , Tirto Prakoso , Abuliti Abudula , Guoqing Guan

The thermal conversion process known as biomass gasification has the potential to produce environmentally friendly fuels such as hydrogen. However, tar generation during the gasification remains an issue, affecting operational efficiency and environmental health. Biochar has been confirmed as an inexpensive and efficient catalyst for tar removal. The challenge lies in creating a highly reactive biochar which can be applied for different types of biomass with varying properties. This review discusses the factors that affect biochar's reactivity as a catalyst for tar reforming. Additionally, incorporating biochar into a gasification scenario with raw biomass offers a practical solution by leveraging the synergistic behavior. However, this synergy could be either positive or negative: the positive synergy enhances tar removal while the negative synergy has the opposite effect. The numerous factors affecting the results of gasification are presented in this review. It is concluded that the positive synergistic effect resulted from the balance between the available reactants from biomass and biochar, the optimal gas flowrate and the active sites on the carbon surface. Understanding these interactions is crucial for optimizing biochar performance for tar removal. Ultimately, this research provides insights into biochar's role in biomass gasification and suggests improvements for future studies to enhance the feasibility of biomass gasification with the assistance of biochar.

被称为生物质气化的热转化过程有可能产生氢气等环保燃料。然而，在气化过程中产生的焦油仍然是一个问题，影响了操作效率和环境健康。生物炭已被证实是一种廉价、高效的脱焦油催化剂。挑战在于创造一种高活性的生物炭，这种生物炭可以应用于具有不同性质的不同类型的生物质。本文综述了影响生物炭作为焦油重整催化剂反应性的因素。此外，通过利用协同作用，将生物炭纳入原料生物质的气化方案提供了一个实用的解决方案。然而，这种协同作用可能是积极的，也可能是消极的：积极的协同作用促进了焦油的去除，而消极的协同作用则适得其反。本文综述了影响气化效果的诸多因素。综上所述，生物质和生物炭的有效反应物、最佳气体流量和碳表面活性位点之间的平衡产生了正协同效应。了解这些相互作用对于优化生物炭去除焦油的性能至关重要。最后，本研究提供了生物炭在生物质气化中的作用，并提出了未来研究的改进建议，以提高生物炭辅助生物质气化的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesized structure of Mg-MOF-74 decorated on ZIF-8 as solid adsorbent for CO2 capture ZIF-8修饰Mg-MOF-74作为CO2捕集固体吸附剂的合成结构

Resources Chemicals and Materials

Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2025.100116

Bhumin Than-ardna , Suphatra Hiranphinyophat , Masahiro Matsumoto , Vissanu Meeyoo , Boonyarach Kitiyanan

In this study, a ZIF-8/Mg-MOF-74 composite was synthesized using a simple post-modification method. Mg-MOF-74 was grown directly on ZIF-8, forming a hierarchical structure that combines molecular sieving and enhanced adsorption capabilities. The Mg-MOF-74 outer layer, rich in open metal sites (OMS), enables strong CO₂ interactions. The optimized composite, prepared with a Mg²⁺/H₄dhtp molar ratio of 1:1, exhibited a remarkable surface area of 823.61 m²/g and a pore volume of 0.76 cm³/g. It achieved exceptional CO₂ capture, with 4.09 mmol/g in 12 % CO₂ (simulated flue gas) and 0.066 mmol/g from ambient air at 30 °C and 60 % relative humidity. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of simple synthesis techniques in enhancing MOF-based CO₂ capture. This work emphasizes the potential of integrating MOFs for efficient CO₂ adsorption, offering promising strategies to address carbon emissions and environmental challenges.

本研究采用简单的后修饰法合成了ZIF-8/Mg-MOF-74复合材料。Mg-MOF-74直接生长在ZIF-8上，形成了一种结合了分子筛分和增强吸附能力的分层结构。Mg-MOF-74外层富含开放金属位（OMS），可以实现强的CO2相互作用。Mg2+/H4dhtp摩尔比为1:1时，复合材料的比表面积为823.61 m²/g，孔体积为0.76 cm3/g。它实现了卓越的二氧化碳捕获，在12%的二氧化碳（模拟烟气）中捕获4.09毫摩尔/克，在30°C和60%相对湿度的环境空气中捕获0.066毫摩尔/克。这些发现证明了简单的合成技术在增强mof基CO2捕获方面的有效性。这项工作强调了整合mof高效吸附二氧化碳的潜力，为解决碳排放和环境挑战提供了有希望的策略。

引用次数: 0

Preparation of chemically modified lignin and its application in advanced functional materials 化学改性木质素的制备及其在先进功能材料中的应用

Resources Chemicals and Materials

Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2025.100104

Shi Mengqi , Wang Shoujuan , Xi Yuebin , Yang Weijun , Lin Xuliang , Qiu Xueqing , Zhang Fengshan , Kong Fangong

Chemically modified lignin refers to a class of high-value products derived from the treatment of industrial lignin using physical, chemical, or biological methods, which alter its structure and properties. The modification of lignin will enhance its thermostability, antioxidant property, adsorbability, antibacterial property, degradability and plasticity, and opens new avenues for its use in biomass utilization, consequently expanding its potential applications. This paper reviews the theoretical foundations and preparation methods of modified lignin, such as amination modification, sulfonation modification, demethylation modification, oxidation modification, graft copolymerization modification and alkylation modification, were reviewed in this paper, with a particular focus on its applications in adhesives, dispersants, drug delivery systems, luminophores, carbon-based energy storage electrodes, and some other areas. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges and issues faced by modified lignin. This review offers valuable theoretical insights for the green production of modified lignin and its expanded applications.

化学改性木质素是指利用物理、化学或生物方法对工业木质素进行处理，改变其结构和性质而获得的一类高价值产品。木质素的改性将增强其耐热性、抗氧化性、吸附性、抗菌性、可降解性和可塑性，为其在生物质利用中开辟新的途径，从而扩大其潜在的应用范围。本文综述了木质素改性的理论基础和制备方法，包括胺化改性、磺化改性、去甲基化改性、氧化改性、接枝共聚改性和烷基化改性等，重点介绍了木质素在胶粘剂、分散剂、药物输送系统、发光基团、碳基储能电极等领域的应用。此外，本文还讨论了改性木质素面临的挑战和问题。本文综述为改性木质素的绿色生产及其推广应用提供了有价值的理论见解。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis and characterization of carbonaceous materials for lead adsorption 用于铅吸附的碳质材料的合成与表征

Resources Chemicals and Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2025.100103

Benyapha Glingasorn , Yang Wei , Sarute Ummartyotin

Protein fibers derived from silk fibroin (SF) were chemically extracted and purified from cocoons. It was used as a reinforced fiber for hydrogel formation with collagen (Col) and hyaluronic acid (HA). Calcium chloride (8 wt. %) was employed as a crosslinking reagent to synthesize the SF/Col/HA-based hydrogel composite. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of N–H stretching due to the plane bending of amide II in the β-sheet structure. XRD analysis confirmed the crystallinity of the SF/Col/HA-based hydrogel composite. Scanning electron microscopy revealed three-dimensional porous structures with interconnected pores. These porous structures can serve as reservoirs for storing adsorbent media. The hydrogel composite was thermally stable at 250 °C. The low-boiling bound solvent evaporation temperature, glass transition temperature, and degradation temperature were 102 °C–105 °C, 298 °C–300 °C, and 524 °C–545 °C, respectively. The ranges of porosity and gel fraction were 60 %–80 % and 90 %–95 %, respectively. The hydrogel composite was rapidly swollen within 1 h, reaching a plateau afterward. The compressive strength was 4–6 MPa. As absorbent media, hydrogels can easily adhere to lead ions via electrostatic interactions. They can be used as reservoirs for the adsorption of heavy metals.

从蚕茧中化学提取并纯化了蚕丝纤维素（SF）的蛋白质纤维。它被用作与胶原蛋白（Col）和透明质酸（HA）形成水凝胶的增强纤维。氯化钙（8 wt.%）被用作交联试剂，用于合成基于 SF/Col/HA 的水凝胶复合材料。傅立叶变换红外光谱证实，β-片状结构中酰胺 II 的平面弯曲导致 N-H 伸展。XRD 分析证实了 SF/Col/HA 水凝胶复合材料的结晶性。扫描电子显微镜显示了相互连接的三维多孔结构。这些多孔结构可作为吸附介质的储存库。水凝胶复合材料在 250 °C 下具有热稳定性。低沸点结合溶剂蒸发温度、玻璃化转变温度和降解温度分别为 102 ℃-105 ℃、298 ℃-300 ℃ 和 524 ℃-545 ℃。孔隙率和凝胶部分的范围分别为 60%-80% 和 90%-95%。水凝胶复合材料在 1 小时内迅速膨胀，随后达到平稳状态。抗压强度为 4-6 兆帕。作为吸收介质，水凝胶很容易通过静电作用吸附铅离子。它们可用作吸附重金属的储层。

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引用次数: 0

Thank you reviewers! 谢谢审稿人！

Resources Chemicals and Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2025.100102

引用次数: 0

On controllability of fluidized bed reduction of iron ore by CH4 for selective formation of magnetite 用 CH4 对铁矿石进行流化床还原以选择性形成磁铁矿的可控性

Resources Chemicals and Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2024.07.002

Bowen Ma , Zhanguo Zhang , Guangwen Xu

Magnetization roasting technology is one of the most representative ways to improve the magnetic separation efficiency and iron recovery of refractory weakly magnetic iron ores. However, utilization of CO-rich or H₂-rich gas of strong reducibility as reducing agent for magnetization roasting would lead to over-reduction of Fe₂O₃ in the ore to non-magnetic FeO, which makes the magnetism of the roasted ore be lower than its maximum, and hence leads to a lower iron recovery than expected. To explore the possibility of using CH₄ as reducing agent for controllable reduction of Fe₂O₃ in iron ores to selectively forming magnetic Fe₃O₄, i.e., for maximizing the magnetism of the reduced ore for efficient iron separation and recovery, a series of fluidized bed reduction tests in CH₄ were carried out on two iron ores of 55 % and 33 % iron at different temperatures for different periods of time, and the resultant reduced ore particles were magnetically separated for recovery of iron concentrate. XRD and ICP analyses were performed on all recovered iron concentrates to identify the crystal forms of their iron species and to quantify their iron contents. The results have shown that the controllable reduction by CH₄ of Fe₂O₃ in the iron ores to strongly magnetic Fe₃O₄ can be realized by controlling the reduction temperature and time condition applied. The resultant concentrates can be fully recovered by magnetic separation in a weak magnetic field of 60 kA/m to attain a maximum iron recovery of 98 % for the high-grade ore and that of 65 % for the low-grade ore. Besides, the results have also shown that the most critical factor affecting the controllability of the ore reduction process and the selectivity to the generation of magnetic Fe₃O₄-containing particles is the reduction temperature, and that the upper temperature threshold for the controllable reduction and selective generation of strongly magnetic iron concentrate is about 650℃.

磁化焙烧技术是提高难选弱磁性铁矿石磁选效率和铁回收率最具代表性的方法之一。而利用富co或富h2强还原性气体作为磁化焙烧还原剂，会导致矿石中Fe2O3过度还原为非磁性FeO，使焙烧矿石的磁性低于其最大值，从而导致铁回收率低于预期。为探索利用CH4作为还原剂将铁矿石中Fe2O3可控还原为选择性形成磁性Fe3O4的可能性，即最大限度地发挥还原矿的磁性，实现铁的高效分离和回收，在不同温度和不同时间下，对铁含量分别为55%和33%的铁矿石进行了一系列CH4流化床还原试验。将得到的还原矿粒进行磁选，回收铁精矿。对所有回收铁精矿进行XRD和ICP分析，确定其铁种类的晶体形式，并量化其铁含量。结果表明，通过控制还原温度和还原时间条件，CH4可将铁矿石中的Fe2O3可控还原为强磁性Fe3O4。在60 kA/m的弱磁场条件下，磁选精矿可完全回收，高品位矿石铁回收率可达98%，低品位矿石铁回收率可达65%。此外，研究结果还表明，影响矿石还原过程可控性和磁性含fe3o4颗粒生成选择性的最关键因素是还原温度。强磁性铁精矿可控还原和选择性生成的温度上限约为650℃。

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Novel electrochemical sensor for the determination of potassium ions based on silver diethyldithiocarbamate as sensor material 基于二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银传感器材料的新型钾离子测定电化学传感器

Resources Chemicals and Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2024.07.003

Oguz Özbek, Mehmet Alperen Şahin

Potassium is one of the macro minerals necessary for the cellular functions, obtained from foods. Excessive amounts of potassium can cause health problems. Determination of potassium in various samples, especially food and drug samples, is an important task. In this study, we developed a new potentiometric sensor selective to potassium ions. The sensor had a detection limit of 8.64 × 10^-5 M in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10^-1–1.0 × 10^-4 M and a near–Nernstian behavior of 49.0 ± 4.32 mV/decade. The sensor exhibited a response time of 10 s, as well as good selectivity, good repeatability, and a wide pH working range (4.0–11.0). The developed sensor was successfully applied to a drug sample and different water samples with very high recoveries (>91.20 %).

钾是细胞功能所必需的大量矿物质之一，可从食物中获得。过量的钾会导致健康问题。各种样品，特别是食品和药品样品中钾的测定是一项重要的工作。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种新的选择性钾离子电位传感器。该传感器在1.0 × 10-1-1.0 × 10-4 M浓度范围内的检出限为8.64 × 10-5 M，近能态为49.0±4.32 mV/ 10年。该传感器的响应时间为10 s，具有良好的选择性、重复性和较宽的pH工作范围（4.0-11.0）。该传感器成功地应用于药物样品和不同水样，具有很高的回收率（91.20%）。

引用次数: 0

Outside Back Cover 外封底

Resources Chemicals and Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2772-4433(25)00011-X

引用次数: 0

Efficient corn stover-derived metal-supported biochar catalyst for hydrogenation of xylose to xylitol 木糖加氢制木糖醇的高效玉米秸秆金属负载生物炭催化剂

Resources Chemicals and Materials

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2024.10.002

Kridsada Karin , Sanchai Kuboon , Bunyarit Panyapinyopol , Saran Youngjan , Wanwitoo Wanmolee , Nawin Viriya-empikul , Navadol Laosiripojana , Kamonwat Nakason

Xylitol, one of the top twelve chemical building blocks, is commercially synthesized through the xylose hydrogenation reaction using a metal catalyst. Biochar has emerged as an eco-efficient catalyst support material. In this study, biochar derived from corn stover (BCS) was first used as a metal catalyst support material for xylose hydrogenation into xylitol. The catalyst was prepared by carbonizing corn stover (CS), impregnating the resulting biochar with metal, and reducing the metal-impregnated BCS. The catalyst characteristics were comprehensively explored. The Ru/BCS catalyst was employed in xylose conversion to xylitol at different process temperatures (100 – 160 °C), retention times (3 – 12 h), H₂ pressures (2 – 5 MPa), and Ru contents (1 – 5 %). The highest xylitol yield (87.0 wt.%) and selectivity (91.6 %) were derived at 120 °C for 6 h under 4 MPa H₂ using 5 % Ru. Interestingly, the Ru/BCS catalyst showed high stability under the promising process condition. Additionally, xylitol production from hydrolysates enriched with CS xylose was subsequently explored. On the other hand, the catalyst characterization results revealed that the superior catalytic efficiency of 5Ru/BCS was mainly due to the metal nanoparticles embedded in the biochar. Additionally, BCS proved to be an outstanding support material for a bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst (Ru-Ni/BCS). Therefore, these results indicate that BCS can be a competitive support material for metal hydrogenation catalysts, enhancing environmental friendliness and potentially being employed in industrial-scale xylitol production.

木糖醇是十二种主要化学成分之一，是利用金属催化剂通过木糖加氢反应合成的。生物炭已成为一种生态高效的催化剂支撑材料。本研究首次将玉米秸秆生物炭作为木糖加氢制木糖醇的金属催化剂载体材料。该催化剂是通过将玉米秸秆碳化，用金属浸渍得到的生物炭，并还原金属浸渍的BCS来制备的。对催化剂的特性进行了全面探讨。采用Ru/BCS催化剂在不同的工艺温度（100 ~ 160℃）、保留时间（3 ~ 12 h）、H2压力（2 ~ 5 MPa）和Ru含量（1 ~ 5%）条件下将木糖转化为木糖醇。在120℃、4 MPa、5% Ru条件下，反应6 h，木糖醇收率为87.0 wt.%，选择性为91.6%。有趣的是，Ru/BCS催化剂在良好的工艺条件下表现出很高的稳定性。此外，还对富含CS木糖的水解产物生产木糖醇进行了探索。另一方面，催化剂表征结果表明，5Ru/BCS具有优异的催化效率主要是由于生物炭中嵌入了金属纳米颗粒。此外，BCS被证明是一种出色的双金属加氢催化剂（Ru-Ni/BCS）的载体材料。因此，这些结果表明BCS可以作为金属加氢催化剂的有竞争力的支撑材料，提高环境友好性，并有可能用于工业规模的木糖醇生产。

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