Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2024.05.003
Xiao Zhang , Hui Ni , Xiangming Xu , Long Li , Hailan Kang , Donghan Li
The utilization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a renewable and eco-friendly nanomaterial, has emerged as the favored option for sustainable fillers. This paper presents diverse methods for CNCs preparation, including acid hydrolysis, oxidation, mechanical method, enzymatic hydrolysis, solvent method and hybrid approach. The strategies for modifying CNCs can be summarized as encompassing physical adsorption through non-covalent bond interactions and chemical modifications via covalent bonding. Moreover, the applications of CNCs in sensing systems, electronic skin devices, packaging materials, electronics industries, stabilizers and cosmetics are discussed with a particular emphasis on their contribution to enhancing polymer matrix properties. Lastly, future prospects for the advancement of CNCs are explored with a focus on its potential impact on sustainability efforts.
{"title":"Recent advancements in the synthesis, functionalization, and utilization of cellulose nanocrystals","authors":"Xiao Zhang , Hui Ni , Xiangming Xu , Long Li , Hailan Kang , Donghan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.recm.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recm.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a renewable and eco-friendly nanomaterial, has emerged as the favored option for sustainable fillers. This paper presents diverse methods for CNCs preparation, including acid hydrolysis, oxidation, mechanical method, enzymatic hydrolysis, solvent method and hybrid approach. The strategies for modifying CNCs can be summarized as encompassing physical adsorption through non-covalent bond interactions and chemical modifications via covalent bonding. Moreover, the applications of CNCs in sensing systems, electronic skin devices, packaging materials, electronics industries, stabilizers and cosmetics are discussed with a particular emphasis on their contribution to enhancing polymer matrix properties. Lastly, future prospects for the advancement of CNCs are explored with a focus on its potential impact on sustainability efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101081,"journal":{"name":"Resources Chemicals and Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.recm.2024.10.003
Moataz K. Abdrabou , Xue Han , Yimin Zeng , Ying Zheng
To satisfy the increasing global energy demand, while searching for new energy sources, it's important to take a closer look at the resources already at our disposal and optimize their use. This comprehensive review explores the evolving landscape of unconventional oil resources, focusing on the environmental and economic implications of bitumen partial upgrading technologies, particularly within the Canadian context. With over 55 % of the world's oil reserves comprising of unconventional oil, which includes extra-heavy oil and oil sand bitumen, there is a growing trend to shift from traditional oil sources to these abundant yet under-utilized reserves. This review delves into the challenges and advancements in bitumen partial upgrading, highlighting the latest technologies in thermal cracking, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, and innovative methods like surfactant integration, cavitation, microwave, and plasma-assisted upgrading. It also discusses the environmental implications and economic feasibility of these technologies, emphasizing the necessity for sustainable and cost-effective solutions at petroleum field sites. Furthermore, the report introduces the transformative concept of Bitumen Beyond Combustion (BBC), which explores the non-combustion uses of bitumen and its asphaltene fraction in manufacturing high-value carbon-based products. These novel approaches align with global sustainability goals, offering the potential for significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and new routes to diversify the economic applications of bitumen. The review then concludes with an assessment of current challenges and future research directions, advocating for a balanced approach that harmonizes technological innovation, environmental stewardship, and economic viability in the field of bitumen upgrading.
{"title":"Recent developments in the utilization of unconventional resources: A focus on partial upgrading techniques and sustainability of Canadian Oil sand bitumen","authors":"Moataz K. Abdrabou , Xue Han , Yimin Zeng , Ying Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.recm.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recm.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To satisfy the increasing global energy demand, while searching for new energy sources, it's important to take a closer look at the resources already at our disposal and optimize their use. This comprehensive review explores the evolving landscape of unconventional oil resources, focusing on the environmental and economic implications of bitumen partial upgrading technologies, particularly within the Canadian context. With over 55 % of the world's oil reserves comprising of unconventional oil, which includes extra-heavy oil and oil sand bitumen, there is a growing trend to shift from traditional oil sources to these abundant yet under-utilized reserves. This review delves into the challenges and advancements in bitumen partial upgrading, highlighting the latest technologies in thermal cracking, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, and innovative methods like surfactant integration, cavitation, microwave, and plasma-assisted upgrading. It also discusses the environmental implications and economic feasibility of these technologies, emphasizing the necessity for sustainable and cost-effective solutions at petroleum field sites. Furthermore, the report introduces the transformative concept of Bitumen Beyond Combustion (BBC), which explores the non-combustion uses of bitumen and its asphaltene fraction in manufacturing high-value carbon-based products. These novel approaches align with global sustainability goals, offering the potential for significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and new routes to diversify the economic applications of bitumen. The review then concludes with an assessment of current challenges and future research directions, advocating for a balanced approach that harmonizes technological innovation, environmental stewardship, and economic viability in the field of bitumen upgrading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101081,"journal":{"name":"Resources Chemicals and Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toluene is widely used as a raw material for many chemical products/pharmaceutical intermediates and as a solvent in many chemical and manufacturing industries. The conversion of toluene into higher value chemicals (benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid, etc.) using sunlight is a very promising means. To achieve the full conversion and utilization of toluene, it is necessary to construct photocatalysts with high conversion and selectivity while synergistically optimizing the optimal reaction environment to significantly affect the photoconversion of toluene. High-performance photocatalysts not only widely absorb sunlight, but also have abundant active sites and generation of free radicals, which can promote the chemical bonds cleavage of toluene, thus greatly increasing the yield of higher-valued products. In addition, the type of photocatalyst and the modification strategy would influence the selectivity of toluene photo-conversion. Therefore, it makes sense that this review presents the reaction mechanism and the influence of reaction factors for the (mainly) photo-oxidation of toluene, a thorough analysis and prediction of the reaction mechanism by theoretical calculations, and the toluene oxidation by different photocatalysts (in particular halogen-containing perovskite materials) to yield specific products, as well as photocatalysts’ modifications. Finally, the challenges and prospects for designing efficient photocatalysts and optimizing the toluene oxidation reaction process are summarized.
{"title":"Optimal solutions and control strategies for photocatalytic conversion of toluene","authors":"Liquan Jing, Hui Wang, Zheng Li, Pangdeng Li, Qi Gao, Jinguang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.recm.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recm.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toluene is widely used as a raw material for many chemical products/pharmaceutical intermediates and as a solvent in many chemical and manufacturing industries. The conversion of toluene into higher value chemicals (benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid, etc.) using sunlight is a very promising means. To achieve the full conversion and utilization of toluene, it is necessary to construct photocatalysts with high conversion and selectivity while synergistically optimizing the optimal reaction environment to significantly affect the photoconversion of toluene. High-performance photocatalysts not only widely absorb sunlight, but also have abundant active sites and generation of free radicals, which can promote the chemical bonds cleavage of toluene, thus greatly increasing the yield of higher-valued products. In addition, the type of photocatalyst and the modification strategy would influence the selectivity of toluene photo-conversion. Therefore, it makes sense that this review presents the reaction mechanism and the influence of reaction factors for the (mainly) photo-oxidation of toluene, a thorough analysis and prediction of the reaction mechanism by theoretical calculations, and the toluene oxidation by different photocatalysts (in particular halogen-containing perovskite materials) to yield specific products, as well as photocatalysts’ modifications. Finally, the challenges and prospects for designing efficient photocatalysts and optimizing the toluene oxidation reaction process are summarized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101081,"journal":{"name":"Resources Chemicals and Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current study, the Zygomycetes fungus Cunninghamella elegans NRRL Y-1392 was evaluated for its ability to grow in extracts derived from dried and ground agricultural residues, such as mushroom stalks and roots from hydroponically cultivated lettuces and produce poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) rich lipids. Initially, the compositions of stalks and lettuce roots were analysed, and the fungus was batch-flask cultivated on six different commercial semi-defined substrates containing different sugars detected in stalks and roots to evaluate its catabolic ability. C. elegans was capable to assimilate all sugars, but at a lower rate in the case of arabinose. Subsequently, C. elegans was cultivated on tailor-made semi-defined commercial substrates, resembling hydrolysates containing carbohydrates found in mushroom stalks, under both nitrogen-excess and nitrogen-limited conditions, and resembling that of hydrolysates of roots, under nitrogen-excess conditions. Based on the results, under nitrogen-excess conditions, in the case of media resembling stalks hydrolysates, higher production values for biomass, PUFAs, and GLA were observed (20.3 g/L, 1906 mg/L, 668 mg/L), accompanied by high productivity values due to short cultivation periods, while under nitrogen limitation, high lipid accumulation (lipid in dry cell weight =48%, w/w) was presented, and lipids rich in oleic acid were produced. Finally, the fungus was cultivated on a medium derived from hot water-extraction applied to mushroom stalks, enriched with organic nitrogen sources. The fungus was successfully grown on the sugar-rich water-extract derived from mushroom stalks, resulting in dry biomass of 14.5 g/L, lipids of 1.8 g/L, with 15% (w/w) of GLA in cellular lipids.
{"title":"Mycelial mass, microbial lipids and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) by Cunninghamella elegans cultivated on agro-industrial residues","authors":"Gabriel Vasilakis , Afef Gamraoui , Dimitris Karayannis , Nikos Giannakis , Abdelwaheb Chatti , Ioannis Politis , Panagiota Diamantopoulou , Seraphim Papanikolaou","doi":"10.1016/j.recm.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recm.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current study, the Zygomycetes fungus <em>Cunninghamella elegans</em> NRRL Y-1392 was evaluated for its ability to grow in extracts derived from dried and ground agricultural residues, such as mushroom stalks and roots from hydroponically cultivated lettuces and produce poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) rich lipids. Initially, the compositions of stalks and lettuce roots were analysed, and the fungus was batch-flask cultivated on six different commercial semi-defined substrates containing different sugars detected in stalks and roots to evaluate its catabolic ability. <em>C. elegans</em> was capable to assimilate all sugars, but at a lower rate in the case of arabinose. Subsequently, <em>C. elegans</em> was cultivated on tailor-made semi-defined commercial substrates, resembling hydrolysates containing carbohydrates found in mushroom stalks, under both nitrogen-excess and nitrogen-limited conditions, and resembling that of hydrolysates of roots, under nitrogen-excess conditions. Based on the results, under nitrogen-excess conditions, in the case of media resembling stalks hydrolysates, higher production values for biomass, PUFAs, and GLA were observed (20.3 g/L, 1906 mg/L, 668 mg/L), accompanied by high productivity values due to short cultivation periods, while under nitrogen limitation, high lipid accumulation (lipid in dry cell weight =48%, w/w) was presented, and lipids rich in oleic acid were produced. Finally, the fungus was cultivated on a medium derived from hot water-extraction applied to mushroom stalks, enriched with organic nitrogen sources. The fungus was successfully grown on the sugar-rich water-extract derived from mushroom stalks, resulting in dry biomass of 14.5 g/L, lipids of 1.8 g/L, with 15% (w/w) of GLA in cellular lipids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101081,"journal":{"name":"Resources Chemicals and Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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