Resources Chemicals and Materials最新文献

Electrochromism is the process by which a material applies a small electrical signal to change the optical properties (transmittance, reflectance, absorptivity and emissivity) of the material reversibly or permanently through REDOX reactions resulting from ion and electron embedding/ejection. Metal-organic framework (MOF) are advantageous materials for electrochromic application due to their high porosity, large specific surface area and orderly pore structure, that promotes the adsorption of electrolyte ions, ion diffusion and charge transfer. In addition, MOFs possess a variety of ligands and metal centers, allowing for design of composition types and pore structure sizes. This grants them the advantages of both organic electrochromic materials, such as vivid colors and fast color transformation, and inorganic electrochromic materials, like high coloring efficiency and excellent stability. This paper reviews the current research progress of MOF electrochromic materials, including materials design, electrochromic properties, and application.

Thermochemical conversions are pathways for biomass utilization to produce various value-added energy and chemical products. For the development of novel thermochemical conversion technologies, an accurate understanding of the reaction performance and kinetics is essential. Given the diversity of the thermal analysis techniques, it is necessary to understand the features and limitations of the reactors, ensuring that the selected thermal analysis reactor meets the specific need for reaction characterization. This paper provides a critical overview of the thermal analysis reactors based on the following perspectives: 1) gas flow conditions in the reactor, 2) particle's external and internal heat and mass transfer limitations, 3) heating rate, 4) temperature distribution, 5) nascent char production and reaction, 6) liquid feeding and atomization, 7) simultaneous sampling and analyzing of bed materials, and 8) reacting atmosphere change. Finally, prospects and future research directions in the development of analysis techniques are proposed.

Recently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to their superior performance, have been vastly applied in electronic, auto, and other industries, resulting in the generation of an increasing amount of spent LIBs. What's worse, LIBs contained potentially toxic substances, including heavy metals, toxic and flammable electrolyte containing LiBF₄, LiClO₄, and LiPF₆. Conventional disposal of spent LIBs via landfill or incineration exerts tremendous pressure on the environment. It was necessary to adopt efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly approaches to valorizing spent LIBs, which could not only alleviate the shortage of rare resources by recycling valuable elements such as Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, and Al, but also eliminate the pollution of harmful components in batteries and realize the recycling and sustainable industry related to consumer electronics and electric vehicles (EVs). Given this, this paper summarized the recycling technologies of spent LIBs, including pyrometallurgy (melting reduction and roasting methods) and hydrometallurgy (leaching, precipitation, extraction, ion-exchange, electrochemical, sol-gel methods), and electrolyte recycling (organic solvent extraction and supercritical extraction methods). Pyrometallurgy technologies had relatively decent metal recovery rates but were associated with high energy consumption and atmospheric emission issues. Hydrometallurgical technologies were more environmentally friendly and efficient in recovering spent LIBs, although disposing of the wastewater generated from the process remained a challenge. In addition, the different industrial processes and various countries’ related policies of recycling spent LIBs were investigated. In the end, the outlooks and future directions of recycling spent LIBs were proposed.

4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene (BODIPY) is a sort of photofunctional dye which possesses advantages including strong light-capturing property, high photon-resistance, etc. Meso-N substituted aza-BODIPY is a crucial derivative of BODIPY scaffold that has the favorable optical properties and a significant spectral redshift. The photophysical properties can be tuned by molecular design, and the attenuation path of the excited state energy release of absorbed light energy can be well controlled via structural modifications, enabling tailored application. It has been extensively employed in life medicine fields including fluorescence imaging diagnosis, photodynamic therapy photosensitizer and photothermal therapy reagent and so forth. Extensive research and review have been performed in these areas. However, BODIPYs/aza-BODIPYs have a significant role in energy, catalysis, optoelectronics, photo-responsive materials and other fields. Nevertheless, there are relatively few studies and reviews in these fields on the modification and application based on BODIPY/aza-BODIPY scaffold. Herein, in this review we summarized the application of BODIPY/aza-BODIPY in the aforementioned fields, with the molecular regulation of dye as the foundation and the utilization in the above fields as the objective, in the intention of providing inspiration for the exploration of innovative BODIPY/aza-BODIPY research in the field of light resource conversion and functional materials.

Recently, the challenges pertaining to the recycling of metal-based electrode materials and the resulting environmental pollution have impeded the advancement of battery technology. Consequently, biomass-derived carbon materials, distinguished by their eco-friendliness and consistent performance, stand as a pivotal solution to this predicament. Researchers have made significant strides in the integration of porous carbon materials derived from biomass into battery systems. Nevertheless, these materials face issues such as limited efficiency, modest yields, and a complex fabrication process. This paper endeavors to summarize the recent advancements in the utilization of biomass-derived carbon materials within the realm of batteries, offering a comprehensive examination of their battery performance from three distinct perspectives: synthesis, structure, and application. We posit that composite materials composed of biomass-derived carbon align with the trajectory of future development and present extensive potential for application. Ultimately, we will expound upon our profound outlook regarding the furtherance of biomass-derived carbon materials.

Isomerization of glucose to fructose is a fundamental and key intermediate process commonly included in the production of valuable chemicals from carbohydrates in biorefinery. Enhancement of fructose yield is a challenge. In this work, Sn-doped silica nanotube (Sn-SNT) was developed as a highly efficient Lewis acid catalyst for the selective isomerization of glucose to fructose. Over Sn-SNT, 69.1 % fructose yield with 78.5 % selectivity was obtained after reaction at 110 °C for 6 h. The sole presence of a large amount of Lewis acid sites in Sn-SNT without Brønsted acid site is one of the reasons for the high fructose yield and selectivity. Otherwise, high density of Si−OH groups in Sn-SNT can ensure the presence of Si−OH groups near the Sn sites, which is important for the isomerization of glucose to fructose, leading to the high fructose yield and selectivity. Furthermore, the Sn-SNT is recyclable.

The global shift toward carbon neutrality, driven by growing concerns about climate change, requires collaborative efforts. While cleaner energy and carbon capture are crucial, addressing some high-carbon-emission industrial processes that significantly and disproportionally contribute to our carbon footprint is more important than ever. Analysis reveals that over 90% of total carbon emissions from human activities are attributed to a few super-emitting thermochemical processes. We urgently need breakthrough technologies and transformative alternatives to combat this excess of carbon dioxide emissions effectively. Engineering Thermochemistry is the scientific discipline that offers both scientifically sound and practical solutions to the pressing carbon neutrality challenges.