Resources Chemicals and Materials最新文献

Paper-based materials made from cellulose have been sought after as a sustainable and inexpensive packaging option. However, the porous structure and high hydrophilicity of paper-based materials result in inadequate water and oil repellency, as well as a limited water vapor barrier. In this work, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were prepared using a high-speed homogenizer, and subsequently coated on base paper along with cationic starch to enhance its multi-barrier performance to facilitate the packaging application. The LNPs obtained through such a facile process formed stable colloidal dispersion in water, which exhibited excellent interfacial compatibility with cationic starch. During the coating process, a highly adhesive emulsion consisting of cationic starch and LNPs were coated on the surface of base paper, imparting good hydrophobic properties to the paper. The resulting paper material exhibited good water resistance (Cobb value of 37.5 g m⁻²), high oil resistance (Kit rating 9) and tensile strength (48.93 MPa). The reduction in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) exceeds sixfold. This study provides a new avenue for the application of lignin in high-barrier, fluorine-free, water-and oil-resistant packaging materials.

Novel substrates consisted of different fresh agro-industrial residues, their corresponding and commercial spent mushroom substrates (i.e. SMS deriving from laboratory-scale experiments and SMS deriving from industrial-scale experiments by Green Zin S.A. - SMS GZ) and Pleurotus waste (PW; stipes/mishappen mushrooms) were used in blends for a new cultivation cycle of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. eryngii mushrooms in bags. Their impact on the biochemical properties (intra-cellular polysaccharides - IPSs, protein, lipid, total phenolic compounds - TPCs, individual carbohydrates composition of the IPSs) in the first- and second-flush whole mushrooms, pilei and stipes, as well as the fatty acids composition, the antioxidant activity (in the first-flush mushroom parts) and glucan content of stipes were examined. Both species produced satisfactory IPSs quantities in all substrates (28.69–46.38 %, w/w) and significant protein amounts (18.37–26.80 %, w/w). The further SMS addition (80 %, w/w instead of 40 %, w/w) in the cultivation substrates affected positively the mushroom IPSs values, whereas the highest protein content was detected in mushroom's parts cultivated on substrates consisted of fresh agro-industrial residues. Mushroom's lipid content was affected differently by the various substrate combinations, with SMS presence resulting in mushrooms with a lower fat content than those produced in substrates with PW addition. Fresh substrates with PW and those with coffee residue were the most favorable for TPCs production. Regarding production flushes, the nutritional value of mushrooms was comparable between them, only a slight increase in TPCs of second-flush carposomes was detected. Glucose was the predominant monosaccharide of the produced IPSs, combined with a significant production of total and β- glucans. SMSs and PW addition had a positive impact on antioxidant activity, too. A higher quantity of lipids, TPCs and significant antioxidant activity were detected in all Pleurotus pilei than stipes, whereas the latter were richer in IPSs. Both pilei and stipes had a significant protein amount. Hence, the data obtained by this study support the positive effect of different types of SMS and mushroom waste on P. ostreatus and P. eryngii nutritional value.

Electrochromism is the process by which a material applies a small electrical signal to change the optical properties (transmittance, reflectance, absorptivity and emissivity) of the material reversibly or permanently through REDOX reactions resulting from ion and electron embedding/ejection. Metal-organic framework (MOF) are advantageous materials for electrochromic application due to their high porosity, large specific surface area and orderly pore structure, that promotes the adsorption of electrolyte ions, ion diffusion and charge transfer. In addition, MOFs possess a variety of ligands and metal centers, allowing for design of composition types and pore structure sizes. This grants them the advantages of both organic electrochromic materials, such as vivid colors and fast color transformation, and inorganic electrochromic materials, like high coloring efficiency and excellent stability. This paper reviews the current research progress of MOF electrochromic materials, including materials design, electrochromic properties, and application.

Thermochemical conversions are pathways for biomass utilization to produce various value-added energy and chemical products. For the development of novel thermochemical conversion technologies, an accurate understanding of the reaction performance and kinetics is essential. Given the diversity of the thermal analysis techniques, it is necessary to understand the features and limitations of the reactors, ensuring that the selected thermal analysis reactor meets the specific need for reaction characterization. This paper provides a critical overview of the thermal analysis reactors based on the following perspectives: 1) gas flow conditions in the reactor, 2) particle's external and internal heat and mass transfer limitations, 3) heating rate, 4) temperature distribution, 5) nascent char production and reaction, 6) liquid feeding and atomization, 7) simultaneous sampling and analyzing of bed materials, and 8) reacting atmosphere change. Finally, prospects and future research directions in the development of analysis techniques are proposed.

Recently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to their superior performance, have been vastly applied in electronic, auto, and other industries, resulting in the generation of an increasing amount of spent LIBs. What's worse, LIBs contained potentially toxic substances, including heavy metals, toxic and flammable electrolyte containing LiBF₄, LiClO₄, and LiPF₆. Conventional disposal of spent LIBs via landfill or incineration exerts tremendous pressure on the environment. It was necessary to adopt efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly approaches to valorizing spent LIBs, which could not only alleviate the shortage of rare resources by recycling valuable elements such as Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Co, and Al, but also eliminate the pollution of harmful components in batteries and realize the recycling and sustainable industry related to consumer electronics and electric vehicles (EVs). Given this, this paper summarized the recycling technologies of spent LIBs, including pyrometallurgy (melting reduction and roasting methods) and hydrometallurgy (leaching, precipitation, extraction, ion-exchange, electrochemical, sol-gel methods), and electrolyte recycling (organic solvent extraction and supercritical extraction methods). Pyrometallurgy technologies had relatively decent metal recovery rates but were associated with high energy consumption and atmospheric emission issues. Hydrometallurgical technologies were more environmentally friendly and efficient in recovering spent LIBs, although disposing of the wastewater generated from the process remained a challenge. In addition, the different industrial processes and various countries’ related policies of recycling spent LIBs were investigated. In the end, the outlooks and future directions of recycling spent LIBs were proposed.