Science Talks最新文献_第5页

Application of generative AI chatbot in nursing education and care: A literature review 生成式AI聊天机器人在护理教育和护理中的应用：文献综述

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100454

R. Ahmat, F.W.K. Tang

Background

The development of artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly important. A digitally competent healthcare workforce will be vital to provide digital solutions in clinical settings. The current review aims to critically appraise the existing evidence over the application of generative AI chatbot in nursing education to improve knowledge, satisfaction, usability, confidence and critical thinking of nursing learners.

Method

Literature searches were conducted using Medline, Embase, PubMed and ProQuest Central (From inception until October 2024). This review includes interventional studies in English or Chinese published in peer-review journal. Searching terms included “nursing education”, “Chatbot”, “Nursing Chatbot”, “Satisfaction”, “Confidence”, “knowledge”, "critical thinking" and "usability". Totally eight studies were included after the full review process.

Results

Generative AI Chatbots have been used various areas in nursing education such as knowledge in physiology, physical examination, health education etc. Participants demonstrated significant changes in different attributes like knowledge level towards the taught content, learning satisfaction, usability and confidence.

Conclusion

Generative AI chatbot has the potential to enhance nurses' knowledge and personal attributes. Previous findings provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of AI in nursing practice and a reference to support future research on chatbots in nursing education and training.

人工智能的发展变得越来越重要。一支具有数字化能力的医疗保健队伍对于在临床环境中提供数字化解决方案至关重要。本综述旨在批判性地评估生成式AI聊天机器人在护理教育中应用的现有证据，以提高护理学习者的知识、满意度、可用性、信心和批判性思维。方法使用Medline、Embase、PubMed和ProQuest Central进行文献检索（从成立到2024年10月）。本综述包括发表在同行评议期刊上的英文或中文介入研究。搜索词包括“护理教育”、“聊天机器人”、“护理聊天机器人”、“满意度”、“信心”、“知识”、“批判性思维”和“可用性”。在完整的审查过程后，总共纳入了8项研究。结果生成式人工智能聊天机器人已应用于护理教育的各个领域，如生理知识、体检、健康教育等。参与者在对教学内容的知识水平、学习满意度、可用性和信心等不同属性上表现出显著的变化。结论生成式AI聊天机器人具有提高护士知识和个人素质的潜力。先前的研究结果为人工智能在护理实践中的潜在益处提供了有价值的见解，并为支持护理教育和培训中聊天机器人的未来研究提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

LTES with PCM and metal foam in convergent and divergent shell and tube configurations assuming external heat loss LTES与PCM和金属泡沫在会聚和发散壳和管配置假设外部热损失

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100446

Renato Elpidio Plomitallo , Bernardo Buonomo , Oronzio Manca , Sergio Nardini , Giulia Righetti , Simone Mancin

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems have become highly relevant due to the need to cut carbon emissions, and one of the most promising TES systems is the latent heat one (LTES) based on phase change materials (PCMs). However, the low thermal conductivity and poor heat transfer capabilities of PCMs limit their performance. The LTES, which in this study incorporate phase change materials (PCMs) and metal foams, offer key benefits over traditional sensible heat storage options. The inclusion of metal foams increases the thermal conductivity of PCMs. This research examines a vertical shell-and-tube setup with a non-uniform internal tube cross-section, considering two different configurations: convergent internal tube and divergent one. It is also considered an inclination angle variation of the internal tube. In addition, it is made the assumption of external heat losses on the lateral surface. Heat transfer and phase change processes are analyzed using the Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model and the enthalpy-porosity approach. The numerical solutions are performed through Ansys-Fluent. Findings indicate that LTES systems using metal foam and PCM have improved heat transfer, particularly in configurations with converging tube sections. Although higher heat loss during the melting, the convergent configuration has the faster melting time at each inclination angle.

由于需要减少碳排放，热能储存（TES）系统已经变得高度相关，而最有前途的TES系统之一是基于相变材料（PCMs）的潜热系统（LTES）。然而，低导热系数和差的传热能力限制了pcm的性能。在这项研究中，LTES结合了相变材料（PCMs）和金属泡沫，与传统的显热存储选项相比，它具有重要的优势。金属泡沫的加入增加了PCMs的导热性。本研究考察了具有非均匀内管截面的垂直壳管装置，考虑了两种不同的配置：会聚内管和发散内管。它也被认为是内管的倾角变化。此外，还假设了侧向表面的外部热损失。采用Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy模型和焓-孔隙度方法分析了传热和相变过程。通过Ansys-Fluent进行数值求解。研究结果表明，使用金属泡沫和PCM的LTES系统可以改善传热，特别是在具有会聚管截面的配置中。虽然在熔化过程中热损失较大，但收敛型在各倾角下的熔化时间较快。

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引用次数: 0

Chaos control of brushless direct current motor using sliding mode control with a low cost hardware-in-loop validation 基于滑模控制的无刷直流电机混沌控制，低成本硬件在环验证

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100453

Arif Iqbal

The stability of a Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor is crucial for the effective operation of a drive system, as it is influenced by initial operating conditions that exhibit chaotic behavior. This paper addresses the stabilization of chaotic BLDC motor dynamics using the concept of finite-time stability. To achieve this, three simple yet effective controllers have been designed to suppress the motor's chaotic behavior. Additionally, the proposed controllers are evaluated and compared based on their performance indexes i.e. settling time and peak overshoot. The performance of the controllers is analyzed in a MATLAB simulation environment, and the results are further validated through real-time testing using an STM32 board as a cost-effective Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) emulator. The comparison demonstrates a consistent trend and close agreement between the MATLAB simulations and real-time results, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.

无刷直流（BLDC）电机的稳定性对驱动系统的有效运行至关重要，因为它受初始运行条件的影响，表现为混沌行为。本文利用有限时间稳定性的概念研究混沌无刷直流电动机的动态镇定问题。为了实现这一目标，设计了三个简单而有效的控制器来抑制电机的混沌行为。此外，根据控制器的性能指标，即沉降时间和峰值超调，对所提出的控制器进行了评估和比较。在MATLAB仿真环境中对控制器的性能进行了分析，并通过使用STM32板作为经济高效的硬件在环（HIL）模拟器进行实时测试进一步验证了结果。结果表明，MATLAB仿真结果与实时结果具有一致的趋势和密切的一致性，从而证实了所提控制器的有效性。

引用次数: 0

Extracting analytic singular values from a polynomial matrix 从多项式矩阵中提取解析奇异值

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100452

Faizan A. Khattak, Mohammed Bakhit, Ian K. Proudler, Stephan Weiss

A matrix of transfer functions is, in most cases, known to admit an analytic singular value decomposition (SVD), with singular values that are real-valued but potentially negative on the unit circle. In this contribution, we propose an algorithm to retrieve such analytic singular values. We propose approach operates in the frequency domain, and first computes a standard SVD of the given polynomial matrix in each discrete Fourier transform (DFT) bin. Thereafter, in order to re-establish their association across bins, the bin-wise singular values are permuted by assessing the orthogonality of singular vectors in adjacent DFT bins. In addition, the proposed algorithm determines whether bin-wise singular value should become negative, which can be required for analyticity. The proposed algorithm is validated through an ensemble simulation involving polynomial matrices with known analytic SVD factors.

众所周知，在大多数情况下，传递函数矩阵可进行解析奇异值分解（SVD），其奇异值为实值，但在单位圆上可能为负值。在本文中，我们提出了一种检索此类解析奇异值的算法。我们提出的方法在频域内运行，首先计算给定多项式矩阵在每个离散傅里叶变换 (DFT) 二进制中的标准 SVD。然后，为了重新建立它们在各分区之间的关联，通过评估相邻 DFT 分区中奇异向量的正交性，对分区奇异值进行置换。此外，所提出的算法还能确定二进制奇异值是否应该变为负值，这可能是分析所需要的。通过对具有已知解析 SVD 因子的多项式矩阵进行集合模拟，验证了所提出的算法。

引用次数: 0

Detection of weak transient broadband signals: Subspace and likelihood ratio test approaches 微弱瞬态宽带信号的检测：子空间和似然比检验方法

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100451

Cornelius A.D. Pahalson, Louise H. Crockett, Stephan Weiss

We investigate the detection of a weak transient broadband signal, and compare a polynomial subspace detection approach to a likelihood ratio test. The former is based on an analytic eigenvalue decomposition of the array data in order to derive a subspace projection away from stronger stationary sources that obscure the transient signal. An energy detection in the noise-only subspace has been demonstrated to work well in a number of broadband array applications. In this contribution, we aim to explore its comparison to a statistically optimum test, the likelihood ratio test (LRT). The LRT requires more information about the scenario than the subspace test — namely the data covariance due to the transient signal — but can still serve as a suitable benchmark. Somewhat surprisingly, simulation results show that the more dispersive the propagation environment and the weaker the transient signal is compared to any stationary sources, the better it is to base a test — either the LRT or even a simple energy criterion — on the data in the noise-only subspace. This is due to the reduced matrix dimensions and enhanced condition numbers of the involved space-time covariance matrices.

我们研究了微弱瞬态宽带信号的检测，并将多项式子空间检测方法与似然比检验进行了比较。前者是基于阵列数据的解析特征值分解，以导出一个子空间投影远离较强的固定源，模糊瞬态信号。仅噪声子空间中的能量检测已被证明在许多宽带阵列应用中工作良好。在这篇文章中，我们的目的是探讨其与统计最佳检验，似然比检验（LRT）的比较。LRT比子空间测试需要更多关于场景的信息——即瞬态信号引起的数据协方差——但仍然可以作为合适的基准。令人惊讶的是，仿真结果表明，与任何平稳源相比，传播环境越分散，瞬态信号越弱，基于纯噪声子空间中的数据进行测试（无论是LRT还是简单的能量标准）的效果越好。这是由于减少了矩阵维数和增加了所涉及的时空协方差矩阵的条件数。

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引用次数: 0

Looking for equivalence between maximum likelihood and sparse DOA estimators 寻找最大似然估计和稀疏DOA估计之间的等价性

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100449

Thomas Aussaguès , Anne Ferréol , Alice Delmer , Pascal Larzabal

Sparse Direction-of-Arrival estimators depend on the regularization parameter λwhich is often empirically tuned.

In this work, conducted under the vectorized covariance matrix model, we are looking for theoretical equivalence between the Maximum Likelihood (ML) and sparse estimators. We show that under mild conditions, λ can be chosen thanks to the distribution of the minimum of the ML criterion in the case of two impinging sources. We derive this distribution under complex non-circular Gaussian noise. The corresponding λ choice is θ-invariant, only requiring an upper bound on the number of sources. Furthermore, it guarantees the global minimum of the sparse ℓ0-regularized criterion to be the ML solution.

Numerical experiments confirm that, for the proposed λ, sparse and ML estimators yield the same statistical performance.

稀疏到达方向估计依赖于正则化参数λ，该参数通常是经验调谐的。在这项工作中，在矢量化协方差矩阵模型下进行，我们正在寻找最大似然（ML）和稀疏估计之间的理论等价。我们证明了在温和的条件下，在两个碰撞源的情况下，由于ML准则的最小值分布，λ可以被选择。我们在复杂非圆高斯噪声下推导了这个分布。相应的λ选择是θ-不变的，只要求源数量的上界。此外，它保证了稀疏l0正则化准则的全局最小值是ML解。数值实验证实，对于所提出的λ，稀疏估计和ML估计产生相同的统计性能。

引用次数: 0

Comparative study of frequency of torsional motion in crystals on the basis of X-ray thermal parameter and NQR data in chlorine compounds 基于x射线热参数和含氯化合物NQR数据的晶体扭振频率比较研究

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100450

Loganathan Ramu , Narendra Kuppan , Prathibha Acharya , B. Lakshmeesha Rao , Mahesh Bhat , Rangaswamy Javarappa

Torsional vibrations and the hindered rotational motions of the molecule or part of the molecule about definite axes in the crystal are the two types of molecular motions considered to have appreciable effect on the quadrupole interaction. Through NQR temperature dependence studies, the torsional frequencies at different temperature from 300 K to 77 K were estimated by numerical methods and torsional frequency at 300 K has been considered for the comparative study. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to calculate torsional frequencies in various 35Cl compounds on the basis of X-ray thermal parameter, crystal structure data and were compared with the results derived from nuclear quadrupole resonance data using Bayer's and Brown's approximation. The torsional frequencies obtained by X-ray thermal parameter and NQR are impeccable. Previous experimental data revels that the torsional vibrations lie in the scale of 15 cm⁻¹ to 150 cm⁻¹. In the present case, our study delineates the values obtained by X-ray thermal parameter for various compound falls in the range 17 cm⁻¹ to 63 cm⁻¹. The present approach could be a lucid illustration of the supplementary nature of the information obtained from X-ray studies in regard to NQR studies of compounds in solid state. This study demonstrates the potential of combining X-ray and NQR techniques to provide a more comprehensive understanding of molecular dynamics in solid-state compounds.

扭转振动和分子或部分分子围绕晶体中一定轴的受阻旋转运动是被认为对四极相互作用有明显影响的两种分子运动。通过NQR温度依赖性研究，通过数值方法估计了300 ~ 77 K不同温度下的扭转频率，并考虑了300 K时的扭转频率进行对比研究。本文尝试基于x射线热参数、晶体结构数据计算各种35Cl化合物的扭振频率，并采用Bayer和Brown近似与核四极共振数据的结果进行了比较。通过x射线热参数和NQR得到的扭转频率是无可挑剔的。以往的实验数据表明，扭转振动范围在15 cm−1 ~ 150 cm−1之间。在这种情况下，我们的研究描述了各种化合物的x射线热参数值落在17 cm−1到63 cm−1的范围内。目前的方法可以清楚地说明从x射线研究中获得的关于固态化合物的NQR研究的信息的补充性质。这项研究表明，结合x射线和NQR技术，可以更全面地了解固态化合物的分子动力学。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond representation: Taking concrete action to move towards inclusion and social justice in specialty nursing education 超越代表性：采取具体行动，在专业护理教育中实现包容和社会正义

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100448

Michelle House-Kokan, Farah Jetha, Annie Silveira

Inclusivity and equity are clear priorities in nursing education today. In the British Columbia Institute of Technology Specialty Nursing Department, concepts of diversity, equity, and inclusion underpin all our nursing pedagogical approaches including clinical practice, theory, and simulation. However, operationalizing these ideas into meaningful activities can be challenging. Here we showcase a concrete educational approach to addressing inclusivity and equity in nursing education in the form of an assignment grounded in equity-oriented care principles that can be adapted for both academic and clinical nursing education contexts.

All healthcare providers share accountability for decolonization, anti-discrimination, and equity-oriented approaches to health care. Nursing educators have both the opportunity and responsibility to support the upcoming generation of nurses and specialty nurses to address health inequities at the point of care by first understanding the disparities in their healthcare system. These assignments are a practical and applicable way to begin to plant the seeds of cultural change within the nursing profession, ultimately empowering nursing leaders on the frontline.

包容性和公平性是当今护理教育的明确优先事项。在不列颠哥伦比亚理工学院专科护理系，多样性、公平和包容的概念支撑着我们所有的护理教学方法，包括临床实践、理论和模拟。然而，将这些想法转化为有意义的活动可能具有挑战性。在这里，我们展示了一种具体的教育方法，以公平导向的护理原则为基础的作业形式，解决护理教育中的包容性和公平性问题，可适用于学术和临床护理教育背景。所有医疗保健提供者都对非殖民化、反歧视和以公平为导向的医疗保健方法负有责任。护理教育工作者有机会也有责任支持即将到来的一代护士和专业护士，通过首先了解其医疗保健系统中的差异来解决护理点上的健康不平等问题。这些任务是开始在护理专业中播下文化变革的种子的一种实用和适用的方式，最终赋予一线护理领导者权力。

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引用次数: 0

An introduction to the unitary patent system 单一专利制度简介

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100447

Massimo Barbieri , Domenico Golzio

The objective of this video presentation is to provide an overview of the unitary patent system in terms of filing strategies, searching for information and statistical analysis of data.

A patent is a legal and technical document that claims a new and inventive solution to a technical problem and is granted by a patent authority.

A new patent system, the Unitary Patent, has been created in Europe. Based on the classic European patent system, this new system has been designed with the objective of resolving the fragmentation that occurs in the post-grant phase, reducing costs and complexity for users. Furthermore, the creation of the Unified Patent Court provides a solution to the litigation system, offering a cost-effective option for users of the patent system seeking patent protection and dispute settlement across Europe.

The unitary effect is feasible for all Member States that are engaged in enhanced cooperation and for which the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (UPCA) has been ratified on the date of registration of the unitary effect.

On September 1, 2024, Romania became the eighteenth member state of the European Union to adopt the Unitary Patent System, having ratified the UCPA. The Agreement has been signed by Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Greece, Ireland, and Slovakia but not yet ratified.

It is possible that they may ratify it at any time. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the EU Member States of Croatia, Poland and Spain, which have not yet signed the UPCA, retain the option to accede to it at any time. The ratification and accession of the Agreement will result in the advent of a new generation of Unitary Patents, given that the territorial scope is not retroactive.

本视频演示的目的是在申请策略、信息搜索和数据统计分析方面提供统一专利制度的概述。专利是一种法律和技术文件，要求对技术问题提出新的和创造性的解决方案，并由专利机构授予。欧洲建立了一种新的专利制度，即统一专利。基于经典的欧洲专利制度，这个新系统的设计目标是解决授权后阶段出现的碎片化问题，为用户降低成本和复杂性。此外，统一专利法院的创建为诉讼系统提供了一个解决方案，为专利系统的用户在欧洲各地寻求专利保护和争端解决提供了一个具有成本效益的选择。对于所有正在加强合作并在统一效力注册之日批准了《统一专利法院协定》（UPCA）的成员国来说，统一效力是可行的。2024年9月1日，罗马尼亚批准了UCPA，成为欧盟第18个采用统一专利制度的成员国。该协定已由塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、希腊、爱尔兰和斯洛伐克签署，但尚未批准。它们有可能在任何时候批准该公约。此外，值得注意的是，尚未签署共同原产地协定的欧盟成员国克罗地亚、波兰和西班牙保留随时加入该协定的选择。《协定》的批准和加入将导致新一代统一专利的出现，因为地域范围没有追溯力。

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引用次数: 0

FreeFlow: A framework for server-driven mobile apps FreeFlow：一个服务器驱动的移动应用框架

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100445

Nabhya Sharma, Ravindra Nath Tripathi, Vikas Tripathi

With the increasing demand for instant user reach in mobile applications, developers are seeking solutions that provide seamless and continuous updates to users without manual intervention. The Freeflow framework addresses this need by enabling fully server-driven mobile applications that update automatically, without requiring distribution through app stores. Freeflow supports devices running Android (version 5.0/API 21 and above) and iOS (version 12 and above), ensuring broad compatibility across platforms. This framework allows the UI to be dynamically constructed and modified on the server side using TypeScript, encompassing all screens the user may interact with. Upon app initialization, a single HTTP POST request is sent from the application to the server, retrieving both data and UI code. The server combines the TypeScript UI code with relevant data, converts it into a JSON structure, which is then transmitted back to the mobile device. The JSON is then parsed on the client side using Flutter's Widget Engine, enabling real-time rendering of UI components based on server-provided instructions. By breaking down JSON into Flutter widgets, Freeflow empowers applications with adaptive, responsive UIs that can be updated instantaneously. The impact of Freeflow is significant: developers can rapidly deploy updates, saving resources and bypassing app store distribution processes. Illustrative applications include eCommerce platforms and geosensing apps, where constant updates are essential. Freeflow's code is publicly available for developers, offering a flexible solution for modern, progressive applications that prioritize user engagement and real-time updates.

随着移动应用程序对即时用户接触的需求不断增加，开发人员正在寻求无需人工干预即可为用户提供无缝和持续更新的解决方案。Freeflow框架通过启用完全由服务器驱动的自动更新移动应用程序来解决这一需求，而无需通过应用商店进行分发。Freeflow支持运行Android（版本5.0/API 21及以上）和iOS（版本12及以上）的设备，确保跨平台的广泛兼容性。这个框架允许在服务器端使用TypeScript动态构建和修改UI，包括用户可能与之交互的所有屏幕。在应用程序初始化时，从应用程序向服务器发送一个HTTP POST请求，检索数据和UI代码。服务器将TypeScript UI代码与相关数据结合起来，将其转换为JSON结构，然后将其传输回移动设备。然后使用Flutter的Widget引擎在客户端解析JSON，从而基于服务器提供的指令实时呈现UI组件。通过将JSON分解为Flutter小部件，freflow为应用程序提供了可即时更新的自适应、响应式ui。Freeflow的影响是显著的：开发者可以快速部署更新，节省资源并绕过应用商店的发行流程。说明性应用包括电子商务平台和地理传感应用，在这些应用中，不断更新是必不可少的。Freeflow的代码对开发人员是公开的，为优先考虑用户参与和实时更新的现代渐进式应用程序提供了灵活的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0