Science Talks最新文献_第2页

Exploring students'chemical reasoning pathways: From phenomenon to structure in context-based chemistry learning 探索学生的化学推理途径：从现象到结构的情境化学学习

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100489

Ahsanu Amala Zulkarnain, Endang Susilaningsih, Murbangun Nuswowati, Harjono, Dimas Gilang Ramadhani

This study investigates students' chemical reasoning pathways from the phenomenological to the structural level within a context-based chemistry learning framework. Utilizing a mixed-method explanatory sequential design, the research involved 91 preservice teacher students who had studied weak bases and Bronsted-Lowry acid-base concepts. The instrument, validated with an Aiken's V of 0.92 and a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.89, consisted of contextual essay questions centered on ammonia as a cleaning agent, assessing reasoning at phenomenological, mechanistic, and structural levels. Scoring consistency between two experts yielded a Cohen's Kappa of 0.925. Quantitative findings revealed that while most students demonstrated linear reasoning, instances of regression and inconsistency emerged, particularly during transitions to higher reasoning levels. Phenomenological reasoning achieved the highest average score (M = 4.93; SD = 0.25), whereas structural reasoning scored lowest (M = 4.12; SD = 0.68). Qualitative analysis reinforced these results, highlighting cognitive bottlenecks and misconceptions, especially in mechanistic and structural reasoning. The study concludes that although students can progress through reasoning stages, challenges persist, notably at the mechanistic stage, with some regression at the structural level. These insights underscore the necessity for instructional strategies that support deeper connections between macroscopic phenomena and molecular-level explanations.

本研究在基于情境的化学学习框架下，探讨学生从现象学到结构层面的化学推理路径。采用混合方法解释序列设计，研究涉及91名学习过弱碱和Bronsted-Lowry酸碱概念的职前教师学生。该工具的Aiken's V值为0.92,Cronbach's Alpha值为0.89，包括以氨作为清洁剂为中心的上下文作文问题，评估现象学、机制和结构层面的推理。两位专家之间的评分一致性产生了0.925的科恩Kappa。定量研究结果显示，虽然大多数学生表现出线性推理，但出现了回归和不一致的情况，特别是在向更高推理水平过渡的过程中。现象学推理的平均得分最高（M = 4.93, SD = 0.25），而结构推理得分最低（M = 4.12, SD = 0.68）。定性分析强化了这些结果，突出了认知瓶颈和误解，特别是在机械和结构推理方面。该研究得出结论，尽管学生可以通过推理阶段取得进步，但挑战仍然存在，特别是在机械阶段，在结构层面上有一些倒退。这些见解强调了支持宏观现象和分子水平解释之间更深层次联系的教学策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of eating environment and protein context in a meal on consumer perceptions, acceptance and expected consumption of alternative proteins: An online study 膳食中的饮食环境和蛋白质背景对消费者对替代蛋白质的感知、接受和预期消费的影响：一项在线研究

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100488

R. Janani , Jia Wen Xanthe Lin , Ai Ting Goh , Keri McCrickerd , Pey Sze Teo

Consumer acceptance of alternative proteins (APs) remains low, requiring efforts to identify ways to encourage shifts in consumer perceptions and behaviors towards APs. We investigated how meal contextual factors such as evoked protein context and eating environment, independently and in combination, influenced consumer perceptions, acceptance and expected consumption of APs in Singapore, and whether associations varied across consumer segments. Participants (N = 822) were pre-grouped into omnivores (n = 381) and flexitarians (n = 441) in an online study. Participants rated the perceived healthiness, naturalness, expected liking and consumption of a ‘chicken-noodles’ dish presented with three protein contexts (animal-based, plant-based, or an animal/plant hybrid) in four eating environments (home, hawker centre, urban restaurant, and nature restaurant). Results showed that independently, protein context influenced expected liking and consumption (both, p < 0.001) whereas environment influenced perceived healthiness and naturalness (both, p < 0.001) in all consumers. Omnivores rated liking and consumption as higher for the hybrid vs. plant-based meal, highlighting the potential of hybrid protein sources to facilitate the transition towards APs. Participants' expected consumption was highest at home (p < 0.001). No combined effect was observed (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest meal context could be modified to shift consumer acceptance and consumption towards APs and aid public health guidance in promoting meat-reduced diets.

消费者对替代蛋白（APs）的接受度仍然很低，需要努力寻找方法来鼓励消费者对APs的看法和行为的转变。我们调查了膳食环境因素（如诱发蛋白质环境和饮食环境）如何单独或联合影响新加坡消费者对APs的认知、接受和预期消费，以及不同消费者群体之间的关联是否存在差异。在一项在线研究中，参与者（N = 822）被预先分为杂食者（N = 381）和灵活食者（N = 441）。参与者在四种饮食环境（家庭、小贩中心、城市餐厅和自然餐厅）中，对含有三种蛋白质环境（动物性、植物性或动植物杂交）的“鸡肉面”菜肴的健康度、自然度、预期喜爱度和消费程度进行了评分。结果显示，独立地，蛋白质环境影响预期喜欢和消费（两者，p < 0.001），而环境影响感知健康和自然（两者，p < 0.001）在所有消费者。杂食动物对杂交食物的喜爱程度和消费量高于植物性食物，这突出了杂交蛋白质来源促进向ap过渡的潜力。参与者的预期消费量在家中最高（p < 0.001）。两组无联合效应（p > 0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，膳食环境可以改变，以改变消费者对ap的接受和消费，并有助于促进减少肉类饮食的公共卫生指导。

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引用次数: 0

AI role-play as a research methodology: Systematic simulation for educational research 人工智能角色扮演作为一种研究方法：教育研究的系统模拟

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100487

Jessie Ming Sin Wong

This tutorial introduces AI role-play as an innovative research methodology for exploring complex, multi-stakeholder scenarios in educational contexts. The methodology addresses limitations of traditional qualitative methods when investigating emerging phenomena where stakeholders cannot articulate challenges they have not experienced. Through systematic prompt design, multi-perspective simulation, and critical validation protocols, AI role-play enables researchers to generate diverse stakeholder viewpoints rapidly and systematically. The tutorial explains the theoretical framework and provides practical guidance for implementation using multiple AI systems, followed by rigorous thematic analysis and cross-system validation to distinguish genuine insights from potential biases. Case studies illustrate the methodology's application in analyzing educational futures and Agile-blended learning implementation challenges, revealing stakeholder dynamics that might not emerge through traditional interviews. The tutorial presents findings from research using AI chatbots, showing how systems can simulate authentic stakeholder reasoning patterns while maintaining distinct perspectives based on their training paradigms. However, critical limitations include potential cultural misrepresentation, oversimplified social dynamics, and embedded training biases requiring careful methodological consideration. The tutorial establishes protocols for ethical implementation, emphasizing transparency in AI use, human guidance in interpretation and acknowledgment of limitations. The methodology serves as a valuable complement to traditional qualitative methods, particularly for hypothesis generation and exploratory research.

本教程介绍了人工智能角色扮演作为一种创新的研究方法，用于探索教育环境中复杂的多利益相关者场景。该方法解决了传统定性方法在调查新兴现象时的局限性，在这些现象中，利益相关者无法阐明他们没有经历过的挑战。通过系统的提示设计、多视角模拟和关键验证协议，AI角色扮演使研究人员能够快速、系统地生成不同的利益相关者观点。该教程解释了理论框架，并为使用多个人工智能系统的实施提供了实践指导，随后进行了严格的主题分析和跨系统验证，以区分真正的见解和潜在的偏见。案例研究说明了该方法在分析教育未来和敏捷混合学习实施挑战方面的应用，揭示了利益相关者的动态，这些动态可能不会通过传统的访谈出现。本教程介绍了使用人工智能聊天机器人的研究结果，展示了系统如何模拟真实的利益相关者推理模式，同时根据他们的训练范例保持不同的观点。然而，关键的限制包括潜在的文化误解，过度简化的社会动态，以及需要仔细考虑方法的嵌入式培训偏见。该教程建立了道德实施协议，强调人工智能使用的透明度、人工指导的解释和承认局限性。该方法作为传统定性方法的宝贵补充，特别是在假设生成和探索性研究方面。

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引用次数: 0

Where students struggle: Using data to uncover bottleneck in chemistry literacy 学生们挣扎的地方：用数据揭示化学素养的瓶颈

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100484

Maulidia Fara Fiadillah , Woro Sumarni , Sri Susilogati Sumarti , Endah Fitriani Rahayu , Sri Kadarwati , Harjono , Dimas Gilang Ramadhani

Understanding students' struggles in learning chemistry requires a multidimensional perspective that considers not only content mastery but also application, reasoning, and affective factors. This study aimed to identify bottlenecks in students' chemical literacy by analyzing performance across four key dimensions: content knowledge, contextual application, higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), and affective aspects (motivation and attitudes). Using a data-driven quantitative approach, assessment scores on electrochemistry topics were examined through advanced educational visualisations. Findings reveal that while students demonstrated strong performance in HOTS and moderate understanding of content, their ability to apply concepts in real-life contexts was limited. The most significant bottleneck emerged in the affective domain, where low scores were consistent and widespread. Correlation analysis further indicated weak relationships between dimensions, particularly the contextual aspect, which appeared conceptually independent. Visual tools such as Sankey diagrams highlighted progressive performance decline from content to affective domains. These results suggest that affective factors play a critical role in learning outcomes and require targeted intervention. The study underscores the importance of integrating data science in educational analysis to capture nuanced learning patterns and guide personalized instructional strategies.

理解学生在学习化学方面的困难需要一个多维度的视角，不仅要考虑对内容的掌握，还要考虑应用、推理和情感因素。本研究旨在通过分析学生化学素养的四个关键维度：内容知识、情境应用、高阶思维技能（HOTS）和情感方面（动机和态度）的表现，找出学生化学素养的瓶颈。采用数据驱动的定量方法，通过先进的教育可视化检查电化学主题的评估分数。研究结果显示，虽然学生在HOTS中表现出色，对内容的理解适中，但他们在现实生活中应用概念的能力有限。最显著的瓶颈出现在情感领域，在这个领域，低分数是一致的，而且很普遍。相关分析进一步表明，各维度之间的关系较弱，尤其是上下文方面，它们在概念上是独立的。像Sankey图表这样的可视化工具强调了从内容到情感领域的渐进式性能下降。这些结果表明，情感因素在学习结果中起着至关重要的作用，需要有针对性的干预。该研究强调了将数据科学整合到教育分析中的重要性，以捕捉细微的学习模式并指导个性化的教学策略。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of walking performance in children with developmental delay and typically developing children on a standardised walking obstacle course: Challenges and observations 发育迟缓儿童和正常发育儿童在标准化障碍步道上的行走表现分析：挑战和观察

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100483

Durga Devi Venkatesh, Arockia Pramila Chinnappan, Sivakumar Ramachandran, Rajeswari Muthusamy

This study aims to analyse and compare the challenges faced by children with developmental delay (DD) and typically developing (TD) peers when walking in a standardised walking obstacle course developed to emulate everyday walking challenges, thereby revealing the specific difficulties faced by children with DD in a real-world walking environment. Children with developmental delay remained unchanged or showed very minimal improvement in time and number of steps even after the practice sessions. Despite efforts or practice, they still struggled with balance, stumbled often, and had trouble staying on the path when walking without guidance. Still, results showed that children who are developing typically can complete the obstacle course smoothly. They walk with steady balance, take consistent steps, and don't stumble or step off the path, showing good control and coordination in their movements. The results showed that children with developmental delay had lesser number of stumbles and steps off the path when with guidance, but walking independently through obstacles remains difficult. The Community-Based Standardised walking obstacle course identified these specific walking difficulties. The study highlights the need for early and focused interventions to help children with DD improve their motor skills, gain confidence, and move more safely in everyday situations.

本研究旨在分析和比较发育迟缓儿童（DD）和正常发育儿童（TD）在模拟日常步行挑战的标准化步行障碍训练中所面临的挑战，从而揭示DD儿童在现实步行环境中所面临的具体困难。发育迟缓的儿童即使在练习之后，在时间和步数上也没有变化，或者表现出非常小的改善。尽管努力或练习，他们仍然挣扎于平衡，经常绊倒，并且在没有指导的情况下行走时难以保持在路上。尽管如此，结果显示，发育正常的孩子可以顺利完成障碍赛。他们走路平衡稳定，步伐一致，不会绊倒或偏离道路，表现出良好的控制和协调能力。结果表明，发育迟缓的儿童在有指导的情况下跌倒和偏离道路的次数较少，但独立行走穿过障碍物仍然很困难。以社区为基础的标准化行走障碍课程确定了这些特定的行走困难。该研究强调了早期和重点干预的必要性，以帮助患有DD的儿童提高他们的运动技能，获得信心，并在日常环境中更安全地移动。

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引用次数: 0

Assembling the impossible: how games can support action on net zero 整合不可能：游戏如何支持零净行动

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100482

Esmé McMillan , Jake Barnes , Morag McDermont , Colin Nolden , Sophie Mellor , Simon Poulter

Increasingly, games are used by researchers to engage people with subjects that they may otherwise find intangible, abstract, or remote. Acting on climate change is widely regarded to be one such subject. In this paper we introduce a new game-based workshop that blends art, performance and humour within scenario-based role-play to facilitate understanding of how local organisations might assemble the governance structures and resources capable of navigating local decarbonisation pathways. The game-based workshop builds on a narrative review of place-based governance of net zero, two embedded case studies examining interactions between national and local policymaking in England, and ten practitioner/expert interviews, which resulted in identifying seven challenges of organising to deliver transformative change. Developing this game approach through an iterative co-creation process in collaboration with artists facilitates the playful exploration of the challenges local actors face, and ways in which existing multilayered and fragmented governance can be negotiated. Our experience suggests this game approach is both a research tool and a means of creating an open, collaborative space for practitioners, policymakers, and academics which encourages participants to mobilise diverse knowledges, to sequence actions and resources for local action, and to develop local strategy on net zero.

研究人员越来越多地利用游戏来吸引人们参与他们原本认为无形、抽象或遥远的主题。人们普遍认为，应对气候变化就是这样一个主题。在本文中，我们介绍了一个新的基于游戏的研讨会，该研讨会在基于场景的角色扮演中融合了艺术、表演和幽默，以促进对当地组织如何整合能够引导当地脱碳途径的治理结构和资源的理解。以游戏为基础的研讨会建立在对净零的地方治理的叙述回顾，两个嵌入式案例研究检查了英国国家和地方政策制定之间的相互作用，以及10个从业者/专家访谈的基础上，这些访谈确定了组织提供变革性变革的七大挑战。通过与艺术家合作的迭代共同创造过程来开发这种游戏方法，有助于对当地参与者面临的挑战进行有趣的探索，以及可以协商现有多层次和碎片化治理的方法。我们的经验表明，这种游戏方法既是一种研究工具，也是一种为从业者、政策制定者和学者创造开放、合作空间的手段，鼓励参与者调动各种知识，为地方行动安排行动和资源，并制定地方零净战略。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication of Am-doped UO2 transmutation targets am掺杂UO2嬗变靶的制备

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100481

Gamze Colak , Tommy Mai

Nuclear energy is one of the least CO₂ emitting ways of generating large amounts of electricity. One major challenge in the utilization of nuclear energy is the management of spent nuclear fuel. The radiotoxic minor actinides, particularly Am (< 0.1 wt% of spent fuel), could be extracted and recycled via partitioning and transmutation. An innovative, dust-free method for producing (U,Am)O_2-x targets without the generation of Am-contaminated liquid waste has been successfully demonstrated. The method comprises the fabrication of porous uranium oxide microspheres (UO₃) through internal gelation, using starch as a pore-former and low-temperature calcination. After calcination of UO₃ microspheres were infiltrated using a single-step process with aqueous Am(NO₃)₃. After infiltration, the microspheres were dried, calcined and sintered. Various samples targeting Am contents of 5, 10, 20 and 30 mol% were prepared. The microstructural investigations revealed that the density of the porous host microspheres after the calcination was approximately 65 %TD with 30 vol% accessible porosity, suitable for an efficient infiltration. The examination of cross-sectioned (U,Am)O_2-x microspheres revealed homogeneous mixing of Am and U, without formation of agglomerates with distinct doping levels.

核能是产生大量电力的二氧化碳排放量最少的方式之一。核能利用的一个主要挑战是乏核燃料的管理。放射性毒性较小的锕系元素，特别是Am (<；0.1 wt%的乏燃料)，可以通过分割和嬗变提取和回收。一种创新的，无尘的方法来生产（U,Am）O2-x目标，而不产生Am污染的液体废物已经成功证明。该方法包括以淀粉为成孔剂，低温煅烧，通过内部凝胶法制备多孔氧化铀微球（UO3）。焙烧后的UO3微球采用单步浸渍法，用Am(NO3)3水溶液浸渍。浸渍后对微球进行干燥、煅烧和烧结。分别制备了Am含量为5、10、20、30 mol%的样品。微观结构研究表明，煅烧后多孔宿主微球的密度约为65% TD，可达孔隙率为30 vol%，适合有效渗透。对（U,Am）O2-x微球的横截面检测显示Am和U混合均匀，没有形成明显掺杂水平的团聚体。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial neural network modelling of laser micro drilling process 激光微钻孔过程的人工神经网络建模

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100480

Keerthi P.P.S. , Rao M.S.

Laser micromachining is gaining popularity in precision manufacturing of bioimplants, owing to its ability to create microstructures from difficult-to-machine materials like nitinol. This superalloy, known for its shape memory effect and super elasticity, presents significant challenges during conventional machining because of its low thermal conductivity and tendency to harden during processing. Using input parameters including sheet thickness, laser spot diameter and scanning speed, the study aims to model and predict hole quality, specifically circularity, and heat-affected zone thickness using an Artificial Neural Network Model. Using a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser, micro drilling was conducted on Nitinol sheets and the hole diameters are measured using a confocal microscope. A feedforward Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) model using Levenberg Marquardt Agorithm was trained for the performance measures of Heat Affected Zone thickness and circularity. With R2 values above 0.98 and Mean Squared Error (MSE) values below 0.01, the model demonstrated high accuracy. This study helps to achieve predictive control in precision production by combining of Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) with laser micromachining. This hybrid strategy could greatly enhance the manufacturing results for biomedical applications like orthopedic instruments, stents, and other implants whose performance is directly impacted by hole geometry.

激光微加工在生物植入物的精密制造中越来越受欢迎，因为它能够从镍钛诺等难以加工的材料中制造微结构。这种高温合金以其形状记忆效应和超弹性而闻名，由于其低导热性和加工过程中的硬化倾向，在传统加工中提出了重大挑战。使用包括板材厚度、激光光斑直径和扫描速度在内的输入参数，研究旨在利用人工神经网络模型建模和预测孔质量，特别是圆度和热影响区厚度。利用纳秒脉冲Nd:YAG激光在镍钛诺薄片上进行微钻孔，用共聚焦显微镜测量孔径。采用Levenberg - Marquardt算法训练前馈人工神经网络模型，对热影响区厚度和圆度进行性能测量。R2值大于0.98，均方误差（MSE）小于0.01，表明模型具有较高的准确性。将人工神经网络与激光微加工相结合，实现精密生产中的预测控制。这种混合策略可以极大地提高生物医学应用的制造结果，如矫形器械、支架和其他植入物，其性能直接受孔几何形状的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Smart materials: Material synthesis and characterization of CuAl based shape memory alloys 智能材料：CuAl基形状记忆合金的材料合成与表征

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100477

T.S. Vamsi Krishna, D. Srinivasa Rao

Shape memory alloys (SMA) are materials that have the ability to return to its original shape when heated above the Austenite finish temperature. The synthesis and characterization of Cu-Al-based shape memory alloys were discussed. The composition of Cu-Al-X (X = Mn, Be, Ni, Ag, Cr, Zn, Fe) shape memory alloys will be altered during the preparation process using an induction furnace or Resistance furnace with Ar amosphere. The prepared samples exhibits a heterogeneous structure. The sample must undergo homogenization heat treatment. This leads to a state of homogeneity in the phases. Homogenized samples represent only stable phases i.e., γ and β phases. These phases should be transformed to

γ_{1}^{'}

and

β_{1}^{'}

'phases. These stages are necessary to demonstrate shape memory properties. Phase transformations are characterized by XRD studies and Scanning Electron microscopy. Transformation temperatures at which these phase transformations occur are determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

形状记忆合金（SMA）是一种能够在加热到奥氏体表面处理温度以上时恢复其原始形状的材料。讨论了cu - al基形状记忆合金的合成和表征。Cu-Al-X （X = Mn, Be, Ni, Ag, Cr, Zn, Fe）形状记忆合金在氩气感应炉或电阻炉制备过程中，其成分会发生改变。制备的样品呈非均相结构。样品必须经过均质热处理。这导致了相的一种均匀状态。均质样品只代表稳定相，即γ和β相。这些相应转变为γ - 1′和β - 1′相。这些阶段是证明形状记忆特性所必需的。用XRD和扫描电镜对相变进行了表征。这些相变发生时的转变温度由差示扫描量热法测定。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens with varying infill patterns 不同填充模式3D打印试件力学性能的实验研究

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100478

Amrita M, Vishnu Vardhan R, Prudhvi Sai V, Aswith Varma TAR, Sunny P

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly expanding advanced manufacturing technology that enables high accuracy and low-cost manufacturing of physical models and complex geometric structures. AM technology is currently found in a wide range of engineering applications, such as the mechanical, biomedical, construction, aerospace, and food industries. But there are many parameters on which the mechanical properties of 3D-printed components depend. In the present work, the influence of infill patterns of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) components on mechanical properties is investigated. 3D printed components with a build plate temperature of 200 degrees, a printing temperature of 50 degrees, an infill density of 30 %, an infill thickness of 4 mm, and varying infill patterns are printed. Different infill patterns used are line, triangle, hexagon, and 3D infill. All samples are printed as per ASTM standards and are tested for their mechanical properties like tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength. Tensile strength is found to be highest for the hexagonal infill pattern and least for the line infill pattern. Toughness and hardness are found to be highest for the 3D infill pattern, with 222 % and 61.82 % enhancement over the line infill pattern. Under cyclic loading, the hexagonal infill specimen failed at 25614 cycles at loading conditions of 0.3‐–0.7 kN and at a frequency of 10 Hz.

增材制造（AM）是一种快速发展的先进制造技术，可以实现高精度和低成本的物理模型和复杂几何结构的制造。增材制造技术目前广泛应用于工程领域，如机械、生物医学、建筑、航空航天和食品工业。但是3d打印部件的机械性能取决于许多参数。在本工作中，研究了3d打印聚乳酸（PLA）组件的填充模式对力学性能的影响。打印的3D打印组件的构建板温度为200度，打印温度为50度，填充密度为30%，填充厚度为4mm，填充图案各异。不同的填充模式使用线形、三角形、六边形和3D填充。所有样品都按照ASTM标准打印，并测试其机械性能，如拉伸强度，硬度和冲击强度。发现六边形填充图案的抗拉强度最高，而线条填充图案的抗拉强度最低。发现三维填充模式的韧性和硬度最高，比直线填充模式提高222%和61.82%。在循环加载条件下，在0.3 ~ 0.7 kN的加载条件下，在10 Hz的加载频率下，六角形充填体试件在25614次循环中失效。

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引用次数: 0