Science Talks最新文献_第3页

Exploring the impact of bilingual education on student outcomes: A qualitative student-centric approach 探索双语教育对学生成绩的影响：以学生为中心的定性方法

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100476

Gnana Sanga Mithra S, Ananth Padmanabhan

This qualitative study explores the impact of bilingual education in Tamil and English on student comprehension and academic performance from the perspective of students in Tamil Nadu. It investigates students' attitudes toward bilingual learning, language preferences, and the perceived effectiveness of teaching strategies within a dual-language framework. Using case studies, in-depth interviews, and focus groups, the study captures detailed insights into students' bilingual learning experiences. Grounded in the Tamil-English bilingual context, the literature review draws on key theories of bilingualism and language acquisition, including Cummins' Threshold Hypothesis, the Bilingual Interactive Activation Model, and Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory. The study also incorporates the concept of translanguaging—the fluid use of multiple languages to maximize learning—and cognitive flexibility, defined as the mental ability to switch between thinking about different concepts or languages. Data is analyzed through thematic analysis, identifying recurring patterns related to student engagement, comprehension, and learning outcomes. Findings indicate the need to refine bilingual education practices in Tamil Nadu to better align with students' language preferences, support cognitive development, encourage cultural integration, and promote effective, student-centered instruction. Such refinements could help bridge the gap between theoretical frameworks and the practical realities of bilingual learning in regional educational settings.

本定性研究从泰米尔纳德邦学生的角度探讨了泰米尔语和英语双语教育对学生理解能力和学习成绩的影响。它调查了学生对双语学习的态度，语言偏好，以及在双语框架下教学策略的感知有效性。通过案例研究、深度访谈和焦点小组，本研究详细了解了学生的双语学习经历。本文以泰米尔语-英语双语为背景，借鉴了双语和语言习得的主要理论，包括康明斯的阈值假说、双语互动激活模型和维果茨基的社会文化理论。这项研究还结合了跨语言的概念——流畅地使用多种语言以最大限度地提高学习效果——和认知灵活性，定义为在不同概念或语言之间进行思维转换的心理能力。通过主题分析分析数据，确定与学生参与、理解和学习成果相关的重复模式。研究结果表明，泰米尔纳德邦需要改进双语教育实践，以更好地适应学生的语言偏好，支持认知发展，鼓励文化融合，促进有效的、以学生为中心的教学。这种改进有助于弥合理论框架与区域教育环境中双语学习的实际现实之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the solidification and phase separation of calcium chloride hexahydrate with different water content by means of X-ray computed tomography 不同含水量的六水氯化钙凝固与相分离的x射线计算机断层扫描分析

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100475

Dario Guarda , Jorge Martinez-Garcia , Benjamin Fenk , Poppy O'Neill , Rebecca Ravotti , Damian Gwerder , Anastasia Stamatiou , Jörg Worlitschek , Simone Mancin , Philipp Schuetz

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a well-known technology that is quite new to the field of research of non-metallic phase change materials (PCMs) employed in latent thermal energy storages (LTESs). The current work demonstrate the value of XCT, opening unprecedent opportunities to obtain new insights on solid-liquid phase transition. XCT permits to measure accurately volumetric liquid fraction, observing the formation of voids and phase separation, also known as segregation, which is hindering the deployment of salt hydrates, a particular class of PCMs known for their relatively low cost compared to their quite high volumetric energy density. The capabilities of XCT could eventually lead to the understanding of the segregation phenomenon of salt hydrates and in the future, reliable salt hydrates-based LTES will be able to support the energy transition.

In the current study, the potential of XCT is shown during the analysis of calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl₂·6H₂O). XCT accuracy and rigorous protocol make it a potential benchmark for new measurement technologies.

x射线计算机断层扫描技术（XCT）是非金属相变材料（PCMs）用于潜热储能（less）研究领域的一项众所周知的新技术。目前的工作证明了XCT的价值，为获得固液相变的新见解提供了前所未有的机会。XCT允许精确测量体积液体分数，观察空隙的形成和相分离（也称为偏析），这阻碍了盐水合物的部署，盐水合物是一类特殊的pcm，与它们相当高的体积能量密度相比，它们的成本相对较低。XCT的能力可能最终导致对盐水合物分离现象的理解，在未来，可靠的基于盐水合物的LTES将能够支持能源转换。在目前的研究中，XCT的潜力在六水氯化钙（CaCl2·6H2O）的分析中得到了体现。XCT的精度和严格的协议使其成为新测量技术的潜在基准。

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引用次数: 0

Binge-watching on porn tube sites: Understanding the role of motivations and individual traits 在色情网站上狂看：理解动机和个人特征的作用

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100474

K. Shilpa , Devadas Menon , V.M. Saravanan

This study explores the motivations underlying binge-watching behaviour on pornographic tube sites, using the Uses and Gratifications Theory as its foundation. This research identified five primary drivers of this behaviour: excitement seeking, diversion, fantasy, arousal, and habitual pastime. An online survey conducted among 380 participants in India sheds light on the importance of these factors in prompting extensive consumption of adult content on tube sites. Employing moderation and regression analyses, the research examines the influence of individual traits, such as sensation seeking and the need for cognition, in amplifying binge-watching tendencies. By analysing these interactions, the study offers a nuanced understanding of how personality differences and motivational factors converge to shape viewing behaviours in an Indian context.

本研究以使用与满足理论为基础，探讨了在色情网站上疯狂观看行为的动机。这项研究确定了这种行为的五个主要驱动因素：寻求刺激、转移注意力、幻想、兴奋和习惯性消遣。一项在印度对380名参与者进行的在线调查揭示了这些因素在促进成人内容广泛消费方面的重要性。通过适度分析和回归分析，该研究考察了个人特征的影响，如寻求刺激和认知需求，在放大刷剧倾向方面的影响。通过分析这些相互作用，该研究提供了一个细致入微的理解，即性格差异和动机因素如何汇聚在一起，形成了印度人的观看行为。

引用次数: 0

Against the current: Addressing climate-induced health disparities in India's transgender community 逆流而上：解决印度跨性别群体中气候导致的健康差异

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100473

Gnana Sanga Mithra S

This study inspects the unique climate change insights and vulnerabilities experienced by transgender individuals, with an emphasis on how gender identity intermediates environmental awareness and adaptive capacity. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted between January and March 2025 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, involving 167 self-identified transgender individuals recruited through convenience and snowball sampling methods, accomplishing a response rate of 91 %. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Pearson's correlation via SPSS v26. The results showed a health decline score among participants (M = 5.93, SD = 1.27) that was higher than general population norms (t (166) = 5.39, p < 0.001), signifying a discriminating health burden attributable to climate-related stressors. Besides, 79.04 % of respondents articulated a lack of sureness in healthcare provider's' competency concerning transgender-specific health concerns, and 60.47 % reported recurrent or persistent experiences of social isolation. Pearson's correlation analysis identified a statistically significant positive relationship between transgender identity-related stressors and increased apprehension toward climate threats (r = 0.61, p < 0.01).

In addition to quantitative findings, qualitative insights from open-ended responses highlighted three emergent themes: (1) Intersecting Marginalities in Climate Vulnerability, reflecting the layered disadvantages faced during environmental disruptions; (2) Systemic Healthcare Exclusion, emphasizing institutional unpreparedness to meet transgender health needs during crises; and (3) Identity-Driven Climate Awareness, representing a delicate sensitivity to climate risks shaped by social and political marginalization. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing transgender individuals as a distinct demographic within climate vulnerability assessments. The study advocates for the combination of marginalized voices in climate adaptation approaches and public health guidelines to guarantee inclusive, equitable, and responsive frameworks in the aspect of mounting environmental challenges.

本研究考察了跨性别个体对气候变化的独特见解和脆弱性，重点研究了性别认同如何影响环境意识和适应能力。本研究于2025年1月至3月在泰米尔纳德邦金奈市进行横断面定量调查，采用便利抽样和滚雪球抽样的方法招募167名自认为跨性别者，回答率为91%。采用结构化问卷收集数据，并通过SPSS v26进行描述性统计、t检验和Pearson相关分析。结果显示，参与者的健康衰退得分（M = 5.93, SD = 1.27）高于一般人群标准(t (166) = 5.39, p <；0.001)，表明可归因于气候相关压力源的歧视性健康负担。此外，79.04%的受访者明确表示对医疗保健提供者在跨性别特定健康问题方面的能力缺乏信心，60.47%的受访者报告了反复或持续的社会孤立经历。Pearson相关分析发现，与跨性别身份相关的压力源与对气候威胁的担忧增加之间存在统计学上显著的正相关关系(r = 0.61, p <；0.01)。除了定量研究结果外，开放式回答的定性见解还强调了三个新兴主题：(1)气候脆弱性的交叉边缘，反映了环境破坏期间面临的分层劣势；(2)系统性的医疗保健排斥，强调在危机期间，机构没有准备好满足跨性别者的健康需求；(3)身份驱动型气候意识，代表对社会和政治边缘化形成的气候风险的微妙敏感性。这些发现强调了在气候脆弱性评估中将跨性别者视为一个独特群体的重要性。该研究倡导将气候适应方法和公共卫生准则中的边缘化声音结合起来，以确保在日益严峻的环境挑战方面建立包容、公平和响应性的框架。

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引用次数: 0

An optimized mismatched filter for continuous emission ultrasound imaging 一种用于连续发射超声成像的优化错配滤波器

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100469

Axel Adam, Adrian Basarab, Hervé Liebgott, Barbara Nicolas

Current pulse-echo ultrasound imaging techniques provide direct insight into tissue structures but face two key limitations: an upper bounded imaging framerate and an inability to capture phenomena during most of the acquisition time due to a small duty cycle and a short wave-tissue interaction duration. To address these issues, we proposed continuous emission ultrasound imaging (CEUI), demonstrated for motion-mode imaging with a single-input-single-output device.

CEUI relies on the continuous transmission of an encoded signal, requiring decoding upon reception. Initial evaluations of pulse compression approaches revealed a critical limitation: interference from other emission segments during decoding, causing image quality loss.

This paper introduces a mismatched filter designed to reduce integrated sidelobe ratio (ISLR) of a specific point spread function of the imaging system. The latter incorporates the impact of emission segments that interfere on a single decoding step. Simulation results show a significant enhancement of the ISLR by 7 dB compared to the matched filter and 5.5 dB compared to classical mismatched filter, while reducing the mainlobe width by 60 % and respectively 25 %.

目前的脉冲回波超声成像技术提供了对组织结构的直接洞察，但面临两个关键限制：成像帧率的上限，以及由于占空比小和短波与组织相互作用持续时间短，在大部分采集时间内无法捕获现象。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了连续发射超声成像（CEUI），演示了单输入单输出设备的运动模式成像。CEUI依赖于编码信号的连续传输，需要在接收后进行解码。对脉冲压缩方法的初步评估揭示了一个关键的限制：解码过程中来自其他发射段的干扰，导致图像质量损失。本文介绍了一种用于降低成像系统中特定点扩展函数的综合旁瓣比（ISLR）的失匹配滤波器。后者包含干扰单个解码步骤的发射段的影响。仿真结果表明，与匹配滤波器相比，ISLR显著提高了7 dB，与经典失匹配滤波器相比提高了5.5 dB，同时主瓣宽度分别降低了60%和25%。

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引用次数: 0

Structural empowerment and speaking up among overseas trained nurses in the United Kingdom, National Health Service 英国国家医疗服务体系中受过海外培训的护士的结构性赋权和发声

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100472

Roslyn Mattukoyya, Pamela Knight-Davidson, Chinenye Ubah

Structural empowerment within workplaces plays a crucial role in enabling the overseas trained nurses' confidence to speak up against unsafe practice and be affected by adverse workplace culture. In this study levels of structural empowerment were explored utilizing the Condition for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire 2 and hypothetical vignettes to understand speaking-up practices among Overseas trained nurses.

Moderate levels of structural empowerment were perceived in the domains of access to opportunity (M = 4.05; SD = 0.09) and access to information (M = 3.52; SD = 0.77). Lower levels were perceived in the domains of access to resources (M = 3.04, SD = 0.88) and access to support (M = 3.49; SD = 0.91). The majority (95.8 %) reported high levels of willingness to speak-up. Access to opportunity and information positively influenced speaking up.

Nurses perceive that opportunities to gain new skills and knowledge and information about the values and goals of the organization can empower them to speak up. These areas should be developed in NHS, messages reinforced, and initiatives taken to build confidence around patient safety practices. Their perceived inadequate access to support, through feedback and guidance from co-workers and inadequate access to resources, indicates a need to optimize strategies to address these areas to maintain and enhance patient safety culture.

工作场所内的结构性赋权在使海外培训的护士有信心反对不安全做法和受到不利的工作场所文化的影响方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究利用工作效能条件问卷2和假设小短文，探讨了海外培训护士的结构性授权水平。中等水平的结构性赋权被认为是在获得机会的领域(M = 4.05；SD = 0.09)和信息获取(M = 3.52；sd = 0.77)。在资源获取（M = 3.04, SD = 0.88）和支持获取(M = 3.49；sd = 0.91)。大多数人（95.8%）报告说他们非常愿意说出来。获得机会和信息对畅所欲言有积极影响。护士认为，获得新技能、新知识以及有关组织价值观和目标的信息的机会，可以使她们有能力畅所欲言。这些领域应在NHS中得到发展，加强信息，并采取主动行动，建立对患者安全实践的信心。通过同事的反馈和指导，以及获得资源的机会不足，他们认为无法获得支持，这表明需要优化战略，以解决这些领域的问题，以维持和加强患者安全文化。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-treatment optimization to reduce membrane fouling during produced water treatment with an integrated FO-MD system 采用集成FO-MD系统对采出水处理过程中的膜污染进行预处理优化

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100467

Muhammad Saqib Nawaz , Sofiane Soukane , Muhammad Bilal Asif , Veerabhadraiah Gudideni , Sultan Alrubaish , Noreddine Ghaffour

During oil exploration, fresh water that is injected into underground reservoirs returns to the surface loaded with hydrocarbons, salts, and other contaminants. This complex solution is typically known as produced water (PW). Generally, different PW streams are generated at a given site, which, after suitable treatment, are sent for re-injection for enhanced oil recovery or to disposal wells. However, there is a potential for water recovery from this hypersaline contaminated stream. Forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD) are two low-pressure membrane treatment technologies successfully used in a single hybrid system for PW treatment. During operation, the key foulants on the FO membrane were CaSiO₃, CaSO₄, and NaCl, while for MD, they were SiO₂ and CaSO₄ plus emulsified oil, causing pore clogging. Some foulants were tightly bound and not removed by osmotic backwashing or hydraulic flushing, thus requiring pre-treatment. Different pre-treatment techniques, like ion exchange resins and polymeric and ceramic membrane-based ultrafiltration (UF), were assessed in this study. The resins were able to remove bivalent metallic ions successfully from lower concentration streams only and thus caused an increase in FO flux and a reduction in MD flux by disturbing the FO-MD system equilibrium. The higher concentrations of resins and chemicals required for their regeneration make them unsuitable for such applications. On the contrary, PW pre-treated with polymeric and ceramic UF membranes led to increased FO and MD fluxes without any chemical requirement and proved suitable for pre-treatment.

在石油勘探过程中，注入地下储层的淡水带着碳氢化合物、盐和其他污染物返回地表。这种复杂的溶液通常被称为采出水（PW）。一般来说，在给定的地点产生不同的废液流，经过适当的处理后，这些废液流被送去重新注入以提高采收率或进入处置井。然而，从这条高盐污染的河流中有可能回收水。正向渗透（FO）和膜蒸馏（MD）是两种低压膜处理技术，成功应用于单一混合系统中处理PW。在运行过程中，FO膜上的关键杂质是CaSiO3、CaSO4和NaCl，而MD膜上的主要杂质是SiO2和CaSO4 +乳化油，会造成孔隙堵塞。有些污物结合紧密，不能通过渗透反冲洗或液压冲洗去除，因此需要预处理。本研究评估了不同的预处理技术，如离子交换树脂、聚合物和陶瓷膜基超滤（UF）。树脂只能成功地从低浓度流中去除二价金属离子，从而通过扰乱FO-MD系统平衡导致FO通量增加和MD通量减少。其再生所需的较高浓度的树脂和化学物质使其不适合此类应用。相反，用聚合物和陶瓷UF膜预处理的PW在不需要任何化学反应的情况下增加了FO和MD的通量，证明了预处理是合适的。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring Clinical Placement Education Unit (CPEU) experiences from the nursing bachelor's degree program at the University of Parma 帕尔马大学护理学士学位课程的临床实习教育单元（CPEU）经验探索

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100465

Pierangela Pompini , Maurizio Beretta , Nunzia Montesanto , Chiara Canini , Girolama Gaia Carlucci , Giovanna Casella , Massimo Guasconi , Andrea Contini , Maria Gaetana Droghi , Vittorio Casati , Simona Galante , Rachele La Sala , Pasquale La Torre , Davide Lazzeroni , Giuseppe Marletta , Samantha Grimaldi , Antonio Bonacaro , Cinzia Merlini

Introduction

Clinical placement is a vital component of nursing education, offering the opportunity to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical application. Among the factors that significantly influence this experience, clinical tutoring models plays a crucial role in the development of key competencies.

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of Dedicated Education Unit (DEU) on the quality of nursing students' teaching and learning experiences at the Piacenza Teaching Hospital and to explore its effect on job satisfaction.

Methods

A mixed-methods study was conducted from June 2023 to June 2024 included nursing students and nurses from the neuro-rehabilitation unit. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analysed according to the Braun and Clarke thematic analysis model. Quantitative data were collected via two validated questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistical methods.

Results

The qualitative findings reveal that this innovative placement model promotes autonomy, team integration, and the development of interpersonal skills. Quantitative results show that the absolute median values for both questionnaires were higher among participants in the DEU group compared to those exposed to the traditional clinical placement experience.

Conclusions

The DEU model seems to be effective in enhancing learning and in bridging theory with practice. Challenges related to high student numbers and resistance to change were identified.

临床实习是护理教育的重要组成部分，提供了将理论知识与实际应用相结合的机会。在显著影响这种体验的因素中，临床辅导模式在关键能力的发展中起着至关重要的作用。目的评价专用教育单元（DEU）对皮亚琴察教学医院护生教学质量和学习体验的影响，探讨其对工作满意度的影响。方法采用混合方法，于2023年6月至2024年6月对护理学生和神经康复科护士进行研究。通过半结构化访谈收集定性数据，并根据Braun和Clarke主题分析模型进行分析。通过两份有效问卷收集定量数据，并采用描述性统计方法进行分析。结果定性研究发现，这种创新的就业模式促进了自主性、团队整合和人际交往能力的发展。定量结果表明，与传统临床实习经验的参与者相比，DEU组参与者的两份问卷的绝对中位数更高。结论DEU模式在促进学习和衔接理论与实践方面是有效的。确定了与高学生人数和对变革的抵制有关的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Proposal for a global quality indicator for the municipal public health system – GQIMPHS 关于城市公共卫生系统全球质量指标——GQIMPHS的建议

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100466

André Gomes Coimbra , Otil C.D. dos Santos , Angélica C.G. Santos , João B. Mendes , Marcos F.S.V. D'Angelo , Matheus P. Libório , Reginaldo M. Macedo , Elisa Fusco , Petr Ekel

The evaluation of composite indicators is essential for improving health systems. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Benefit of the Doubt method are two approaches widely used in this context. Data Envelopment Analysis assesses the relative efficiency of production units, while the Benefit of the Doubt recognizes the uncertainty of composite indicators, allowing for more flexible analyses. Together, these approaches provide a comprehensive view, identifying areas for improvement in health systems and considering both efficiency and the complexity and uncertainties associated with composite indicators. Based on this, this work proposes a framework to generate a single indicator in the health system of 57 counties in the state of Minas Gerais with more than 30 thousand inhabitants, considering three dimensions: infrastructure, service and health status.

评价综合指标对于改善卫生系统至关重要。数据包络分析（DEA）和怀疑的好处法是在这一背景下广泛使用的两种方法。数据包络分析评估生产单位的相对效率，而怀疑的好处承认复合指标的不确定性，允许更灵活的分析。这些方法共同提供了一个全面的观点，确定了卫生系统有待改进的领域，并考虑到效率以及与复合指标相关的复杂性和不确定性。在此基础上，本工作提出了一个框架，用于在米纳斯吉拉斯州57个县（拥有3万多居民）的卫生系统中产生单一指标，考虑三个方面：基础设施、服务和健康状况。

引用次数: 0

Reflecting on practice: Exploring how students learn to be reflective practitioners in an undergraduate nursing curriculum 反思实践：探索学生如何在本科护理课程中学习成为反思实践者

Science Talks

Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100468

Caroline Browne, Helen Dugmore

Developing reflective practice in undergraduate nursing students is an important outcome of any Bachelor of Nursing (BN) program. Integrating reflection helps students: understand their values and expectations; link theory to practice; improve professional competence; and manage the stress and anxiety of transitioning to practice. Undergraduate students often engage with reflective practice at a descriptive level, and for reflection to be effective it must be purposeful and linked to practice. A Digital Storytelling Workshop was integrated into a final semester nursing unit to provide students with a creative way to reflect on their experiences and motivations across the degree.

Final Semester BN students completed an online survey (n = 117) evaluating their experience with reflection, including a depth of reflection questionnaire. Additionally, three students participated in interviews exploring their experiences with reflection across the curriculum. Findings suggest that students used reflection, and even critical reflection, to help them understand their practice. Offering alternate methods to develop reflective practice early in the BN curriculum may allow more students to engage with the reflective process and achieve a deeper level of reflection. The timing of the reflective activities in their final semester provided an opportunity for enhancing confidence prior to transition into professional practice.

在本科护理学生中开展反思性实践是任何护理学士（BN）课程的重要成果。整合反思帮助学生：理解他们的价值观和期望；理论联系实际；提高专业能力；并管理过渡到实践的压力和焦虑。本科生经常在描述性的层面上进行反思练习，为了使反思有效，反思必须是有目的的，并与实践联系在一起。在最后一个学期的护理单元中整合了一个数字讲故事工作坊，为学生提供了一种创造性的方式来反思他们在整个学位期间的经历和动机。最后学期，BN学生完成了一项在线调查（n = 117），评估他们的反思经验，包括反思深度问卷。此外，三名学生参加了采访，通过对课程的反思来探索他们的经历。研究结果表明，学生们使用反思，甚至批判性反思，来帮助他们理解自己的实践。在本科课程的早期提供替代方法来发展反思实践，可以让更多的学生参与反思过程，并达到更深层次的反思。在最后一个学期进行反思活动的时机为他们在过渡到专业实践之前增强信心提供了机会。

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引用次数: 0