Science Talks最新文献

{"title":"Supercapacitors: Shaping the future energy storage landscape for flexible, implantable and wearable electronic devices","authors":"Qaisar Abbas ,&nbsp;Des Gibson ,&nbsp;Rizwan Raza ,&nbsp;Abdul Ghani Olabi","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent innovations in the fields of nanotechnology have resulted in the development and widespread applications of flexible, implantable and wearable electronic devices (FIWEDs). Almost all of these miniaturised devices are powered by lithium-ion batteries which are bulky in nature and present an immense challenge towards miniaturization, safety, environmental sustainability and extension in lifespan. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to explore new materials and design strategies for taking on the challenging task of designing next generation of energy storage devices. Supercapacitors (SCs) also known as ultracapacitors have gained enhanced attention from scientific communities due to their superior and promising features such as cost-effectiveness, non-toxic nature, extended lifespan, low maintenance and high-power capabilities when compared with rechargeable batteries. These highly suitable characteristics can translate into further extension in applications of SCs in above mentioned areas. During this study, fundamentals of SCs including working principle, electrodes, electrolytes and cell designs have been discussed. Furthermore, advancements of flexible, implantable and wearable electronic devices coupled with the new challenges they face in terms of fulfilling their energy demands to further accelerate their progress has also been reviewed. Finally, suitability of SCs as energy storage devices of choice for FIWEDs has been covered systematically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital twin-based decision support systems for natural disaster management: A systematic review of current trends and approaches","authors":"Solomon Inyang,&nbsp;Firouzeh Rosa Taghikhah","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased urbanization and extreme climate events in recent years have led to a rise in the frequency and severity of widespread natural disasters. The disaster management cycle is a common framework that helps emergency management organizations develop procedures that can minimize the devastating impacts of natural disasters. Recently, researchers have begun to explore how big data and artificial intelligence can be used to develop virtual digital twin (DT) models of disaster situations that provide real-time decision support for each phase of the disaster management cycle. This study presents a systematic literature review of the burgeoning research area of DT-based decision support systems for disaster management. We identify the various locations and disaster types featured in DT case studies, the data collection techniques and computational methods utilized to create virtual representations of disaster-affected areas, and the decision-making tasks that DTs have been applied to. Based on our findings, we highlight several research gaps in the current literature and provide a set of recommendations that can serve as guidelines for future studies. Overall, this review provides researchers and practitioners with insights into the current trends and future research directions for DT-based decision support systems for natural disaster management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical appraisal on the performance of natural products as a green alternative for the management of PCOS: A bibliometric overview","authors":"Sinchan Das ,&nbsp;Souvik Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Varsha Yadav ,&nbsp;Nilesh Naskar ,&nbsp;Altamash Khan ,&nbsp;Riya Pal ,&nbsp;Apoorva Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Swaha Satpathy ,&nbsp;Vivekananda Mandal ,&nbsp;Arjun Patra","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women of reproductive age is increasing worldwide and no specific treatment is available for this. Nowadays, medicinal plants are highly considered as therapeutic agents for disease management due to their easy availability and less toxic nature but they have not received much attention for the treatment of PCOS. This study presents a comprehensive knowledge of medicinal plants for PCOS management and bibliometric analysis of data available in Scopus database to understand the research trends with reference to co-authorship network, collaborative countries, source of documents, and different keywords through VOSviewer software. Maximum plants studied in PCOS belongs to Leguminosae family, however, the most studied plant is <em>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</em> (Lauraceae) and the preferred extract was hydroalcoholic extract. Out of 294 documents, 212 comprise of <em>in vivo</em> studies, where 43.87 % experiments were letrozole-induced animal model. South East Asian countries are predominantly exploring medicinal plants for PCOS management as the prevalence of PCOS is high in this region. Overall, this study may help future researchers to understand the research gaps and can assist as a pocket dictionary of appraisal reports on the performance of natural products for the management of PCOS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synecoculture experiments: Human augmentation of ecosystems and Planetary Hhealth","authors":"Masatoshi Funabashi","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100405","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Transformative change in primary food production is urgently needed in the face of climate change and biodiversity loss. Synecoculture (synecological farming) is designed on a variety of environmental responses within ecological optimum in high-density mixed polyculture, where various edible species were intentionally introduced.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this talk, I overview essential experimental results and activities of Synecoculture in relation to Planetary Health. The scientific methods underlying this research include the following:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Field Experiments:&lt;/strong&gt; Conducted in Japan and Sub-Saharan Africa, these experiments tested Synecoculture's diverse, mixed-species agroecosystems without conventional inputs (e.g., tillage, fertilizers, and agrochemicals), assessing biodiversity, overall productivity, and soil health.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Big Data and AI:&lt;/strong&gt; Developed an open-source biological interaction database, used AI and drone image analysis for automated field assessment, and 3D ecosystem modeling to manage and understand ecological complexity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ecological Data Analysis:&lt;/strong&gt; Monitored seasonal community dynamics of Synecoculture plots and used CSR triangle theory to analyze plant adaptive strategies. These analyses demonstrated adaptive diversification and its link to ecosystem productivity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Theoretical Modeling:&lt;/strong&gt; Established the Integrated Model of Physiological and Ecological Optima (IMPEO) to analyze the comprehensive productivity of densely mixed polyculture in marginal environments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Health Impact Studies:&lt;/strong&gt; Evaluated Synecoculture's health benefits through metabolome analysis of tea products, as well as biomarker analysis and clinical assessments for elderly patients, showing anti-inflammatory effects and improved physical and cognitive health outcomes through rehabilitation activities in biodiverse environments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Socio-Economic Assessment:&lt;/strong&gt; Measured economic impacts in sub-Saharan Africa and established collaborative efforts towards scaled-up implementation in the Global South with local governments and NGOs, highlighting Synecoculture's contribution to sustainable food systems and land restoration. In the urban area of Japan, participatory studies were performed on green infrastructure to enhance biodiversity and mitigate environmental risks. Educational programs based on the “Syneco Portal” engaged students in hands-on learning about the self-organization of ecosystems. Additionally, we developed a model linking biodiversity to healthcare costs, offering services that enhance biodiversity and utilize ecosystem benefits supported by medical data and AI.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The overall results showed that the self-organized primary production of ecosystems performs better compared with conventional monoculture methods in 1) promoting diversity and total quantity of products along with a rapid increase of in-field biodivers","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lemon peel oil: A groundbreaking renewable energy source for gasoline and diesel biofuel engine applications","authors":"Tamer M.M. Abdellatief ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem ,&nbsp;Abdul Ghani Olabi","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With regard to biofuel uses in gasoline and diesel engines, the current video article presents the suitability of newly developed lemon peel oil as a novel renewable energy source. A natural and eco-friendly substitute for traditional fossil fuels is lemon peel oil, which is high in terpenes like limonene. The method of producing lemon peel oil, its essential chemical characteristics, and its usefulness as a bio-based additive for enhancing combustion and cutting emissions using eye-catching pictures were illustrated. Its ability to improve fuel efficiency and meet current pollution regulations is demonstrated by engine performance tests and combustion analysis. Beyond waste reduction and support for a circular economy, this film also looks at the wider environmental and financial advantages of using lemon peel oil in fuel systems. Overall diesel engine characteristics showed that petroleum diesel consumption can be greatly reduced or even totally replaced with lemon peel oil. This video article offers a thorough grasp of lemon peel oil's application and transformative potential in renewable energy for transportation by illustrating the science and technology underlying it. This strategy presents lemon peel oil as a practical and environmentally beneficial choice in the search for sustainable energy sources for diesel and gasoline engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating cyber threats: Exploring digital marketing and cyber security adoption among SME entrepreneurs","authors":"Siti Nor Amalina Ahmad Tajuddin ,&nbsp;Khairul Azam Bahari ,&nbsp;Nur Nadia Abd Mubin ,&nbsp;Kamaruzzaman Abdul Manan ,&nbsp;Akmar Hayati Ahmad Ghazali ,&nbsp;Nurul Fadly Habidin ,&nbsp;Nur Raidah Radzi","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study was driven by the persistently low cybersecurity adoption rates among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), many of which still fail to implement adequate security measures despite the increasing sophistication of cyber threats. The objectives were to evaluate SME entrepreneurs' knowledge, usefulness, and ease of use of cyber security; and discover SME entrepreneurs' exposure to cybersecurity threat incidents while engaging in digital marketing in Malaysia. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework, we analyzed data from 500 organizations, randomly distributed among SME entrepreneurs. The findings reveal significant differences in cybersecurity knowledge, reflecting their greater exposure to cyber threats and the consequent need for robust security measures. The usefulness and ease of use of cybersecurity measures were particularly high among mid-aged organizations, aligning with their need to adapt to modern technologies. In digital marketing, organizations operating for 5–10 and 16–20 years reported the highest knowledge levels, while those over 21 years scored the lowest, indicating a gap in updating marketing strategies. These findings highlight the critical need for proposing a new cyber threat protection model for marketing communications for SMEs to remain competitive in the digital age and enhance their resilience against evolving cyber threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring fundamentals of immersive environment setups on food sensory perception in space contexts","authors":"Alicia Tran ,&nbsp;Julia Low ,&nbsp;Lisa Duizer","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research suggests that space travel alters sensory perception, however, it is not yet clear what individual factors affect this perception. Taylor et al. (2020) emphasised the importance of tailoring strategies to enhance palatability and intake based on individual differences. This study aims to evaluate how an immersive space-like environment, created using screens, influences food odour perception and emotional responses. Specifically, it explores the setup of immersive screen studies to assess sensory perception and affective responses over time, considering factors such as lighting conditions in dark versus bright rooms. 29 participants were involved in a crossover design experiment in which they watched a 20-min video of a rocket launch, accompanied by environmental sounds at 70 dB, following NASA's International Space Station noise constraints. The participants were randomly assigned to evaluate the video in either a dark or bright room. The rocket launch video was chosen for its emotional impact, as it can induce awe and self-transcendent experiences, like the “Overview Effect” experienced by astronauts. Participants assessed the intensity of three food odours (vanilla, citrus, and almond) at four time points: just after takeoff, and at 5, 10, and 15 min. Measurements included liking (9-point hedonic scale), intensity (Labeled Magnitude Scale), and emotional responses (using 39 terms from the EsSense Profile). Results showed that for vanilla and almond, odour liking remained consistent over time, regardless of lighting conditions. However, for citrus, liking increased over time in the dark room. An inverse relationship between positive and negative emotions throughout the immersion period was observed, highlighting the importance of time in evoking emotional responses. Emotions during testing with the immersive screens were generally positive, such as feelings of ‘calm’, suggesting that the methodology may not be entirely suitable for simulating the more cluttered and isolated environment of a space shuttle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in hydrogen application for low-carbon iron and steel industry","authors":"Wei-Hsin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Massive anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, deteriorating atmospheric greenhouse effect and causing global warming and climate change, due to the remarkable consumption of fossil fuels have become the most significant obstacle to environmental sustainability [1]. Hydrogen has no carbon, so it is promising fuel and material used in the industry to lessen carbon emissions [2]. Ironmaking and steelmaking account for around 7 % of global anthropogenic CO₂ emissions [3]. Traditional ironmaking and steelmaking processes are carbon-intensive [4, 5]; therefore, how to decrease carbon emissions during ironmaking and steelmaking to approach net zero is an urgent issue. Carbon replacement by hydrogen in ironmaking and steelmaking processes offers a clean and sustainable way to reduce CO₂ emissions. For example, hydrogen can replace CO to reduce iron ore [6]. The produced direct reduced iron (DRI) can then be melted in an electric arc furnace (EAF) to produce steel [7]. In blast furnaces, hydrogen-rich gases, including hydrogen, ammonia, natural gas, coke oven gas, and recycling top gas, can be injected for ironmaking [8,9]. In summary, hydrogen-based ironmaking and steelmaking hold great promise for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future in the iron and steel industry [10–12]. This talk introduces the state-of-the-art processes using hydrogen for ironmaking and steelmaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patent landscape analysis: How to find information on hydrogen peroxide industrial syntheses","authors":"Massimo Barbieri","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this presentation is to provide an overview of the methodology employed in patent landscape analyses (PLA), with a particular focus on the patented processes used to produce hydrogen peroxide.</div><div>Patents are an essential source of technical knowledge that may not be found anywhere else. In a paper published in World Patent Information it is posited that 57 % of technical information can be found exclusively in patents. Even if the quantity of information is difficult to quantify, the rising number of patent applications demonstrates the growing importance of patents as a source of information.</div><div>A patent landscape is a specific type of patent search conducted with the objective of identifying the most recent inventions or to study the development of a particular technology.</div><div>An example of PLA is reported, focused on the industrial production of hydrogen peroxide. The search was carried out using a combination of classification schemes (IPC – International Patent Classification and CPC – Cooperative Patent Classification) and keywords.</div><div>The global patent landscape is dominated by China, the USA and Japan. The patenting trend indicates a rise in the number of filings for electrolytic and photocatalytic methods, with a notable acceleration in the latter.</div><div>These results can be beneficial for researchers and technology transfer professionals. Researchers may utilize these findings to develop new photocatalytic methods or enhance the alkyl anthraquinone auto-oxidation (AO) process, focusing on the catalytic systems and reactors utilized for the hydrogenation step, for example.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental pollution and value of ecotourism resources in the “no-take” marine protected areas: A case of Perhentian marine park, Malaysia","authors":"Gazi Md Nurul Islam ,&nbsp;Mohd Fadzli Abdul Khir ,&nbsp;Ataul Karim Patwary","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The government of Malaysia has established several marine protected areas (MPAs) in offshore islands since the 1980s to protect overexploited fisheries resources and coral reefs habitat. However, coral reefs and fisheries in MPA suffer from natural and anthropogenic disturbances mainly caused by increased tourism activities and pollution from land-based activities. This paper examines the level of tourism activities causing pollution to the coral reef habitats in the Perhentian MPA. This study used paired comparison methods to elicit the perception of local stakeholders on activities harmful to marine habitats. The data for this study was obtained from face-to-face interviews with local people to solicit their perceptions on the environmental damage to marine ecosystems using a structured questionnaire. The results showed that improper sewage discharge by the small resorts, direct disposal of sewage from village into sea, and littering on the beach are the most damaging activities that threaten the sustainability of the resources in Perhentian MPA. The study concludes that management of marine resources is not the sole responsibility of the government authority, need to involve local community for the conservation activities to develop sustainable tourism in the MPAs in Malaysia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}