Sociology Lens最新文献

This article explores the construction of militarized masculinity and nationalist myths in Turkish Cold War cinema of the 1960s through a comparative analysis of two films: On Korkusuz Adam (Ten Fearless Men, 1964) and Göklerdeki Sevgili (The Lover in the Skies, 1966). Produced and circulated in a period of political realignments as a response to the Cold War and the Cyprus conflict, these films played a role in the popularization of the myth of warrior nation. Hence, relying on theories on the formulation of political myths and gendered nationalism, this study shows how the representation of the Cyprus conflict worked to justify national superiority and heroism of Turks. Close reading and contextual film analysis reveal that these films do not merely reproduce the official nationalist discourse, but they actively shape militarist discourses by inviting viewers to align with the Turkish hero's point of view. Furthermore, the study inserts the films into a broader Cold War cultural corpus through establishing parallels with American and South Korean examples. In doing so, it deepens the analysis of the relationship between politics and culture by stating what role globally played by Turkish cinema in the production and popularization of the myth of warrior nation.

This article examines the peasant revolution that took place in Bolivia between November 1952 and November 1953 and seeks to explain why the peasantry took a revolutionary path. While existing explanations have emphasized the exploitative nature of the hacienda and the influence of external political actors, this article argues that the revolutionary path was by no means inevitable or an automatic consequence of those factors; it was the outcome of the actors' beliefs, decisions, and interactions during the historical conjuncture of 1952. To trace this process, the article identifies two interlinked phases. The first was marked by increased landlord exploitation, the passivity—and even complicity—of MNR authorities, and the radicalizing activity of political agitators and union organizers. This combination made the reformist path seem untenable from the peasant point of view, leading to the radicalization of rural regions that had previously pursued more reformist approaches. During the second phase, a rural insurrection spread across most of Cochabamba's provinces. This coordinated peasant insurrection—never previously analyzed as such—evolved from the seizure of haciendas to a broader struggle for rural political power, ultimately turning into a revolution not only against landlords, but against the MNR itself.

This study reviews 106 papers selected using rigorous criteria from the Scopus database to explore the societal beliefs about scientists, thus providing a timely and comprehensive view of their social representation, that is, the stereotypical scientist. We charted the key findings using a conceptual framework inspired by the structural approach to the social representation theory. We argue that although certain stereotypical scientist's features persist over time, across cultures, and are reproduced by the media, others have been changing in the last decades; those are distinguished in core and peripheral elements. Within our conceptual framework, we distinguished between core (a stereotypical scientist is a man, a genius, who works in natural and physical sciences fields), which have remained stable, and peripheral elements, which are more susceptible to change (physical appearance and personality traits). As expected, the review unearthed a gendered nature of the stereotypical scientist: despite all the changes that occurred through the years, the stereotypical scientist is still a man. Accordingly, we discuss the findings by highlighting this dimension, aligning with the debate on such disparities in academia and the surging interest in this topic. Finally, this paper constitutes a roadmap for scholars in this field and a guide for further research.

The formation of the elites in Spain has been strongly influenced by the prolonged and late process of modernization of the country. The objective of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the evolution of the elite system in Spain, resulting from a late modernization process marked by political, economic, and cultural conflicts. Thus, it explores the sociological determinants that have shaped the Spanish elites through a historical-sociological synthesis based on secondary sources. To this end, the article analyzes the status of Spanish elites across three distinct epochs: from the late 19th century to the Spanish Civil War, during General Franco's dictatorship, and from the democratic transition to the present day. Each period is scrutinized to discern the composition and structure of these elites, categorized into political, economic, and cultural spheres. Additionally, the interplay and conflicts between these elite categories and broader society are delineated. Special consideration is given to the position of women as a marginalized group within the elites.

Scholars who have studied the second Ku Klux Klan focus primarily on its rapid rise and decline, paying little heed to its connections with other nativist fraternal orders. Specifically, scholars have not focused their attention on the Klan's potential effect on the nation's second largest nativist organization at the time, the Junior Order United American Mechanics (JOUAM). In this study, we use data compiled from JOUAM annual records and Klan membership estimates by state to provide descriptive and empirical results that shed greater light on how Klan strength affected the JOUAM's membership during the 1920s. Our analyses reveal that JOUAM state affiliates had greater annual percentage growth both in states where the Klan was stronger and during the period of the Klan's decline; interactive effects further reveal that Klan strength was also important to the annual percentage growth of the JOUAM during the rise of the Klan. These results are vital to our understanding of the Klan's effect on civil society and its influence on the larger nativist movement.