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Adapting to Urban planning contradictions in community-led initiatives in growing African Cities: A case study of Sinza D, Dar es Salaam 在发展中的非洲城市中适应社区主导的城市规划矛盾:以达累斯萨拉姆的辛扎D为例
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2025.10.002
Manyama Majogoro , Oswald Devisch , Fredrick Bwire Magina
This study demonstrates how grassroots and extended planners navigate urban governance contradictions by turning conflict into opportunities for learning and collaboration. Using a contested green space project in Sinza D, Dar es Salaam, as a case, it applies Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), expansive learning, and the ChangeLab framework to trace how shifting roles, fractured alliances, and cycles of reflection produced four distinct learning trajectories.
After more than a year of mobilisation, a four-month Extended ChangeLab was carried out through a series of structured activities, including resident consultations, negotiation meetings, reflection sessions, and a dissemination campaign. These engaged grassroots leaders, a community-established Green Space Committee (GSC), residents, and adjacent actors. Within a Participatory Action Research (PAR) design, the researcher combined facilitation with participant observation while systematically documenting interactions and artefacts such as minutes, maps, and letters.
Findings show that documentation, initially fragmented and contested, became a shared artefact that fostered transparency, legitimacy, and accountability, while reshaping relationships and supporting collective decision-making. The study reconceptualises the ChangeLab as a mobile, embedded learning infrastructure suited to hybrid governance contexts where formal authority and informal practices intersect. It advances methodological and practical insights for strengthening participatory urban governance in rapidly growing African cities.
本研究展示了基层和扩展规划者如何通过将冲突转化为学习和合作的机会来应对城市治理矛盾。本文以达累斯萨拉姆Sinza D的一个有争议的绿地项目为例,运用文化历史活动理论(CHAT)、扩张性学习和ChangeLab框架来追踪角色转变、联盟破裂和反思周期如何产生四种不同的学习轨迹。经过一年多的动员,为期四个月的“扩展创新实验室”通过一系列有组织的活动展开,包括居民磋商、谈判会议、反思会议和宣传运动。这些活动包括基层领导人、社区建立的绿色空间委员会(GSC)、居民和邻近参与者。在参与式行动研究(PAR)设计中,研究人员将促进与参与性观察结合起来,同时系统地记录互动和人工制品,如会议记录、地图和信件。研究结果表明,文件最初是碎片化和有争议的,但后来成为一种共享的人工制品,促进了透明度、合法性和问责制,同时重塑了关系并支持了集体决策。该研究将ChangeLab重新定义为一种移动的嵌入式学习基础设施,适合于正式权威和非正式实践交叉的混合治理环境。它提出了在快速发展的非洲城市中加强参与式城市治理的方法和实践见解。
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引用次数: 0
Governing smart city EV networks: A privacy-preserving, IOTA-based architecture for decentralized urban infrastructure 管理智慧城市电动汽车网络:一种保护隐私、基于iota的分散城市基础设施架构
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2025.10.001
Chhaya Dubey , Ashutosh Kumar Singh , Sulabh Sachan
Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly central to sustainable mobility, yet their integration into smart city infrastructures remains limited by centralized data systems that restrict scalability, threaten user privacy, and heighten exposure to cyber risks. Most prior work has concentrated on technical performance, with little attention to governance requirements such as accountability, regulatory compliance, and citizen trust. To address this gap, this study develops a decentralized EV data management framework based on IOTA’s Tangle, a distributed ledger designed for secure, scalable, and fee-less interactions across vehicles, charging stations, and urban digital platforms. Using a comparative design, conventional blockchain systems are evaluated against IOTA through simulation results. Findings show that the IOTA-based model sustains faster validation, eliminates fees, and supports higher throughput, while also aligning with governance principles reflected in policies such as the GDPR. The study demonstrates how distributed ledgers can advance both technical feasibility and trust in EV ecosystems.
电动汽车(ev)在可持续移动出行中越来越重要,但它们与智慧城市基础设施的整合仍然受到集中式数据系统的限制,这些系统限制了可扩展性,威胁了用户隐私,并增加了网络风险。大多数先前的工作集中在技术性能上,很少关注治理需求,如问责制、法规遵从性和公民信任。为了解决这一差距,本研究基于IOTA的Tangle开发了一个分散的电动汽车数据管理框架,这是一个分布式账本,旨在实现车辆、充电站和城市数字平台之间安全、可扩展和免费的交互。采用比较设计,通过仿真结果对传统区块链系统与IOTA进行了评估。研究结果表明,基于iota的模型保持了更快的验证,消除了费用,并支持更高的吞吐量,同时也符合GDPR等政策中反映的治理原则。该研究展示了分布式账本如何提高电动汽车生态系统的技术可行性和信任度。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding metropolitan collaborative governance in Chicago: towards a new metro-urban regime approach 理解芝加哥的都市协作治理:迈向新的都市-城市体制方法
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2025.08.008
Rosa de la Fuente, Katie Friedman
A growing body of research recognizes urban regions as critical scales for understanding and addressing this century’s most “wicked” problems. However, these problems are often exacerbated by the fact that most urban regions are characterized by jurisdictional and administrative fragmentation, producing challenges in formulating and implementing policies that can tackle the kind of multifaceted issues which span geographic boundaries and levels of governance.
This paper explores the applicability of urban regime theory to the analysis of collaborative governance at the metropolitan scale through a longitudinal case study of the Chicago metropolitan region from 1950 through 2025. It proposes a refined metro-regime framework that situates the core elements of regime theory – a governing coalition, agenda, resource/s, and scheme of cooperation – within shifting political, economic, and environmental conditions. Findings underscore four recurring conditions that have facilitated the emergence of metropolitan coalitions across three distinct historical periods: previous forms of regional networks and established patterns of collaboration; changing external conditions such as economic and environmental crises that require cooperation and coordinated regional power to respond; different governmental and private actors lacking enough power to design and implement planning or policies on their own; and leadership fostering and encouraging consensus narratives about the need of broader cooperation among actors and jurisdictions.
By extending regime theory to the metropolitan scale and embedding it in long-term historical analysis, this study contributes to a growing body of scholarship on collaborative urban and regional governance. It highlights how local actors navigate fragmentation and uncertainty to forge durable coalitions and calls for comparative research to test the applicability of a metro-regime framework across diverse urban regions.
越来越多的研究机构认识到,城市地区是理解和解决本世纪最“邪恶”问题的关键尺度。然而,由于大多数城市区域的特点是管辖和行政分散,这些问题往往更加严重,在制订和执行能够处理跨越地理边界和管理各级的多方面问题的政策方面产生了挑战。本文通过对1950年至2025年芝加哥大都市区的纵向案例研究,探讨了城市制度理论在大都市规模协同治理分析中的适用性。它提出了一个精致的都市政体框架,将政体理论的核心要素——执政联盟、议程、资源和合作方案——置于不断变化的政治、经济和环境条件中。研究结果强调了四个反复出现的条件,这些条件促进了三个不同历史时期大都市联盟的出现:以前的区域网络形式和已建立的合作模式;不断变化的外部条件,如经济和环境危机,需要合作和协调的区域力量来应对;不同的政府和私人行为者缺乏足够的权力自行设计和实施规划或政策;领导力培养和鼓励各方就需要在行为体和司法管辖区之间开展更广泛合作达成共识。通过将制度理论扩展到都市尺度,并将其嵌入到长期的历史分析中,本研究有助于建立一个关于城市和区域协作治理的学术体系。它强调了地方行动者如何驾驭碎片化和不确定性,形成持久的联盟,并呼吁进行比较研究,以测试地铁制度框架在不同城市地区的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
AI-powered meta analysis of geospatial participatory platforms for ecosocial transition in urban design and planning 城市设计和规划中生态社会转型的地理空间参与式平台的人工智能支持元分析
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2025.09.006
Muhammet Ali Heyik , Meral Erdoğan , José María Romero-Martínez
The ecosocial transition advocates for an approach that is ecocentric, transdisciplinary, resource-efficient, socially inclusive, equitable, and democratic. Over the past decade, digital participatory platforms (DPPs) have gained prominence in supporting ecosocial transitions by addressing chronic and wicked problems affecting both specific territories and the planet as a whole. However, fragmented overviews and biases in socio-spatial and socio-technical contexts have left a notable knowledge gap between technological advancements and research on their affordances in urban planning and design ecosystems.
This study examines how DPPs are introduced and conceptualized in literature. It explores distinguishing characteristics, emerging trends, and key success factors of geospatial DPPs through the lens of the collective intelligence (CI) framework. Following the PRISMA protocol, a systematic review was conducted across Scopus, Google Scholar, and public repositories, identifying 312 platforms worldwide. The coded descriptions of platforms were analyzed using content analysis, network mapping, and AI-powered clustering to reveal underlying patterns and relationships.
Our findings reveal a diverse spectrum of technological features, human-computer interactions, and engagement levels across DPPs. However, geographical distribution and effective institutional adoption remain limited. Nearly half of the examined geospatial platforms rely on one-way information flow focused on data aggregation, while co-creation platforms increasingly adopt advanced technologies such as gamified urban simulators, extended realities, and networked sentient technologies to foster interaction and co-design capabilities.
The insights from this comprehensive review contribute to a better understanding of DPPs for ecosocial transition, emphasizing key design aspects such as accessibility, transparency, transferability, user-friendliness, follow-up mechanisms, and continuous feedback. Given the complexity of urban governance and the challenges commonly highlighted in the literature regarding participatory approaches, DPPs are predominantly deployed to complement—rather than replace—existing top-down and technocratic planning frameworks. Strengthening the concept of participants as co-researchers within action research remains essential for fostering long-term systemic impact and stakeholder empowerment.
生态社会转型倡导一种以生态为中心、跨学科、资源高效、社会包容、公平和民主的方法。在过去十年中,数字参与式平台(dpp)通过解决影响特定地区和整个地球的长期和邪恶问题,在支持生态社会转型方面取得了突出成就。然而,在社会空间和社会技术背景下,支离破碎的概述和偏见在技术进步和对其在城市规划和设计生态系统中的启示的研究之间留下了显著的知识差距。本研究探讨了dpp是如何在文献中被引入和概念化的。它通过集体智能(CI)框架的视角探讨了地理空间dpp的显著特征、新兴趋势和关键成功因素。根据PRISMA协议,对Scopus、b谷歌Scholar和公共知识库进行了系统审查,确定了全球312个平台。使用内容分析、网络映射和人工智能支持的聚类来分析平台的编码描述,以揭示潜在的模式和关系。我们的研究结果揭示了dpp的技术特征、人机交互和参与水平的多样性。然而,地域分布和有效的机构采用仍然有限。近一半的地理空间平台依赖于以数据聚合为重点的单向信息流,而共同创造平台越来越多地采用先进技术,如游戏化城市模拟器、扩展现实和网络化感知技术,以促进交互和协同设计能力。这篇综合综述的见解有助于更好地理解dpp对生态社会转型的影响,强调了关键的设计方面,如可访问性、透明度、可转移性、用户友好性、后续机制和持续反馈。考虑到城市治理的复杂性和文献中关于参与式方法的普遍挑战,dpp主要用于补充而不是取代现有的自上而下和技术官僚规划框架。在行动研究中加强参与者作为共同研究人员的概念,对于促进长期系统影响和赋予利益攸关方权力仍然至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the effectiveness and policy gaps of Turkish government policies in facilitating affordable housing 评估土耳其政府促进经济适用房政策的有效性和政策差距
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2025.08.001
Modupe Odemakin
This study looks into the impact of government policies on housing affordability in Turkey, specifically how these policies affect the construction industry's ability to provide cheap housing. The study used a qualitative methodology, conducting in-depth interviews with 25 professionals from diverse construction organizations. The attendees comprised architects, civil engineers, and other industry stakeholders from mostly medium-sized businesses in Istanbul and other Turkish cities. Thematic analysis of the interview data yielded noteworthy insights. First, respondents universally observed little to no policy influence in supporting affordable housing or recycled material usage, highlighting a crucial policy gap. Bureaucratic delays, high loan interest rates, and restricted market availability for recycled materials were identified as the key barriers. However, there are potential to raise awareness among clients and industry stakeholders, incorporate affordable techniques into legislation, and build public–private partnerships to improve collaboration. The findings reveal that industry professionals have a largely negative impression of present government policies, further citing expensive plot costs, and tight regulations as major hurdles to affordable housing creation. Furthermore, while some respondents cited collaboration with government agencies and the use of recycled materials as potential solutions, the overall tone indicated a lack of effective government incentives and support. This study emphasizes the need for comprehensive policy reforms to improve stakeholder collaboration and to offer incentives that would reduce building costs and promote the use of sustainable materials. Policy implications include those targeted subsidies, improved administrative processes, and strengthened public-private partnerships are required to create a more favorable climate for affordable home creation in Turkey.
本研究着眼于土耳其政府政策对住房负担能力的影响,特别是这些政策如何影响建筑业提供廉价住房的能力。本研究采用定性方法,对来自不同建筑组织的25名专业人士进行了深入访谈。与会者包括建筑师、土木工程师和其他行业利益相关者,他们大多来自伊斯坦布尔和其他土耳其城市的中型企业。对访谈数据的专题分析产生了值得注意的见解。首先,受访者普遍认为,在支持经济适用房或回收材料使用方面,政策影响微乎其微,甚至没有,这突显出一个关键的政策缺口。官僚主义的拖延、高贷款利率和回收材料有限的市场供应被确定为主要障碍。但是,有可能提高客户和行业利益相关者的认识,将负担得起的技术纳入立法,并建立公私伙伴关系以改善合作。调查结果显示,业内专业人士对目前的政府政策抱有很大的负面印象,并进一步指出,昂贵的地块成本和严格的监管是经济适用房建设的主要障碍。此外,虽然一些受访者认为与政府机构合作和使用回收材料是潜在的解决方案,但总体基调表明缺乏有效的政府激励和支持。本研究强调需要进行全面的政策改革,以改善利益相关者的合作,并提供激励措施,以降低建筑成本,促进可持续材料的使用。政策影响包括需要有针对性的补贴、改进行政程序和加强公私伙伴关系,以便为在土耳其建造负担得起的住房创造更有利的环境。
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引用次数: 0
The virtuous cycle of stakeholder salience and cooperation in urban governance: Evidence from Brazilian cities 城市治理中利益相关者突出与合作的良性循环:来自巴西城市的证据
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2025.10.005
Donizete Beck , Eran Vigoda-Gadot , Marcos Ferasso
Stakeholder salience (SS), characterized by attributes such as power, urgency, and legitimacy, and stakeholder cooperation (SC) play critical roles in urban governance; however, the interplay between these constructs remains underexplored. Our study investigates the relationship between SS and SC from the perspective of urban managers interacting with diverse urban stakeholder groups (e.g., governments, industry, citizens, and civil society). Drawing on stakeholder theory and empirical data from interviewing 79 Brazilian urban managers via adapted validated psychometric scales, we explored these relationships using correlation and regression analyses, controlling for demographic factors. Our key findings suggest the possibility of a reciprocal relationship, pointing towards a potential positive feedback loop where cooperation may be associated with increased salience (explaining nearly 48 % of its variance), and higher salience, in turn, could be related to fostering further cooperation (accounting for approximately 46 % of its variance). It is important to note that our sample data allowed us to conduct only descriptive and partial correlation analyses, which do not enable us to establish causation between SS and SC. Nevertheless, our results contribute to the literature by integrating stakeholder theory with social capital theory and highlighting the potential managerial implications of fostering cooperation to enhance stakeholder engagement in urban governance. Our study also offers preliminary policy recommendations for urban managers, businesses, and civil society organizations on how to potentially leverage cooperation for improved decision-making and more inclusive urban governance.
以权力、紧迫性和合法性等属性为特征的利益相关者突出性(SS)和利益相关者合作(SC)在城市治理中发挥着关键作用;然而,这些结构之间的相互作用仍未得到充分探讨。我们的研究从城市管理者与不同的城市利益相关者群体(如政府、行业、公民和公民社会)互动的角度考察了社会服务和社会服务之间的关系。利用利益相关者理论和对79名巴西城市管理者进行访谈的经验数据,我们使用相关和回归分析来探索这些关系,并控制人口因素。我们的主要发现表明了一种互惠关系的可能性,指出了一个潜在的正反馈循环,在这个循环中,合作可能与显著性的增加有关(解释了近48%的方差),而更高的显著性反过来又可能与促进进一步的合作有关(占其方差的约46%)。值得注意的是,我们的样本数据只允许我们进行描述性和部分相关分析,这不能使我们建立SS和SC之间的因果关系。然而,我们的结果通过将利益相关者理论与社会资本理论相结合,并强调了促进合作以增强利益相关者参与城市治理的潜在管理意义,从而为文献做出了贡献。我们的研究还为城市管理者、企业和民间社会组织提供了初步的政策建议,说明如何利用合作改善决策和更具包容性的城市治理。
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引用次数: 0
Innovating in food systems: challenges and opportunities in urban governance for sustainable transition 粮食系统创新:城市治理促进可持续转型的挑战与机遇
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2025.10.004
Filipe Rocha, Sara Moreno Pires
Food transition to more sustainable models has been increasingly the focus of public policies and scientific studies, given the threat that current food practices pose to the well-being of humanity and the Planet. However, at the moment, few systematic studies have been carried out in this field to assess and understand how food governance, especially at the urban level, has considered new strategies, practices or innovative actions for the food systems sustainability. This article fills this gap by presenting a systematic review of the scientific literature produced in last ten years on existing urban food policies, strategies and plans, challenges and constraints to governance and possible directions for innovation. The review process selected thirty three documents for analysis based on their content and objectives.
The synthesis of results highlights persistent gaps in urban food governance, particularly in institutionalizing practices for long-term impact, clarifying the roles of and empower diverse governance actors, enhancing knowledge and resources sharing, and taking the most out of exiting global networks to promote more integrated urban food policies aligned with global sustainable food systems.
鉴于目前的粮食做法对人类和地球的福祉构成威胁,向更可持续的粮食模式过渡已日益成为公共政策和科学研究的重点。然而,目前,在这一领域进行的系统研究很少,以评估和了解食品治理,特别是在城市层面,如何考虑粮食系统可持续性的新战略、实践或创新行动。本文通过对过去十年中产生的关于现有城市食品政策、战略和计划、治理的挑战和制约以及可能的创新方向的科学文献进行系统回顾,填补了这一空白。审查过程根据其内容和目标选择了33份文件进行分析。综合结果突出了城市食品治理方面存在的差距,特别是在将具有长期影响的做法制度化、明确不同治理行为体的作用并赋予其权力、加强知识和资源共享以及充分利用现有全球网络以促进与全球可持续粮食系统相一致的更综合的城市食品政策方面。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking urban governance in the global South: Lessons from Ecuador’s intermediate cities 反思南方国家的城市治理:厄瓜多尔中间城市的经验教训
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2025.08.007
Manuel A. Zambrano-Monserrate
This article reflects on the role of governance in influencing urban development in intermediate cities across the Global South. Drawing primarily on experiences from Santo Domingo, Portoviejo, and Cuenca, it examines how weak coordination, fragmented planning, and limited citizen participation often prevent even well-designed policies from achieving meaningful results. These Ecuadorian cases are discussed alongside comparable situations in cities such as Kisumu, Teresina, and Surat, revealing common governance barriers in contexts marked by decentralization and institutional fragility. Rather than proposing technical fixes, the article calls for a shift in perspective—toward strengthening institutional continuity, fostering collaboration, and ensuring that citizen engagement is not merely symbolic. These are not definitive solutions, but necessary steps to improve how cities function and respond to complex challenges.
本文反映了治理在影响全球南方中等城市城市发展中的作用。报告主要借鉴了圣多明各、波托维耶霍和昆卡的经验,分析了协调不力、规划分散和公民参与有限往往如何阻碍精心设计的政策取得有意义的成果。厄瓜多尔的这些案例与基苏木、特雷西纳和苏拉特等城市的类似情况一起进行了讨论,揭示了以权力下放和制度脆弱性为特征的背景下的共同治理障碍。这篇文章并没有提出技术上的解决方案,而是呼吁转变观点,加强制度的连续性,促进合作,并确保公民参与不仅仅是象征性的。这些不是决定性的解决方案,但却是改善城市运作和应对复杂挑战的必要步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a software-supported operationalization of neighborhood sustainability assessment tools: Combining problem structuring methods and multicriteria decision analysis 面向软件支持的社区可持续性评估工具的操作化:结合问题结构化方法和多标准决策分析
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2025.08.009
Isabella M. Lami, Francesca Abastante
How can measuring urban sustainability foster creativity in designing assessment models? This paper addresses this question by presenting a multi-methodological approach for developing an operational, synthetic and site-based Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment Tool (NSAT) to support urban design. By integrating the Strategic Choice Approach and Analytic Hierarchy Process within the MuVAM (Multi-Values Appraisal Methodology) software, the framework enables a dynamic combination of qualitative and quantitative assessments, enhances stakeholder participation, and tailors sustainability evaluation to the specific contexts of urban projects. The approach is demonstrated through a case study on repurposing a large urban area into a hospital excellence hub, showcasing its applicability in complex urban transformations.
衡量城市可持续性如何促进设计评估模型的创造力?本文提出了一种多方法的方法来开发一种可操作的、综合的、基于场地的社区可持续性评估工具(NSAT),以支持城市设计,从而解决了这个问题。通过在MuVAM(多价值评估方法)软件中整合战略选择方法和层次分析法,该框架实现了定性和定量评估的动态结合,增强了利益相关者的参与,并根据城市项目的具体情况量身定制可持续性评估。该方法通过一个将大型城市地区改造为卓越医院中心的案例研究进行了演示,展示了其在复杂城市转型中的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Participation beyond the ladder: A critical framework for understanding spatial engagement in Portugal 阶梯之外的参与:理解葡萄牙空间参与的关键框架
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2025.09.001
Jorge Gonçalves
Public participation is frequently framed as a cornerstone of democratic spatial planning. Yet, in practice, it often oscillates between symbolic inclusion and civic resistance. This article offers a critical reframing of participatory practices in Portugal by proposing a three-part typology: Participation as Legal Obligation, Civic Attitude, and Civic Conquest. Drawing on Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation as a heuristic point of departure, the study engages with contemporary critiques and presents an expanded framework grounded in empirical observation.
Through the development of analytical sheets and a series of comparative case studies, the article maps how participatory processes emerge, are shaped, and contested across different institutional and civic contexts. It highlights the coexistence of formal compliance, strategic inclusion, and grassroots mobilization as simultaneous forces in the participatory landscape. The analysis reveals persistent tensions between regulatory formalism and democratic agency and calls for a shift toward more context-sensitive, power-aware, and co-productive approaches to participation.
The article contributes to participatory planning theory by offering a situated and pluralistic typology, and to practice by equipping actors with diagnostic tools to improve participatory processes. It ultimately argues that participation must be reclaimed as a struggle for democratic deepening and spatial justice, rather than a procedural checkbox in planning governance.
公众参与经常被视为民主空间规划的基石。然而,在实践中,它经常在象征性包容和公民抵抗之间摇摆。本文通过提出三部分类型:作为法律义务的参与、公民态度和公民征服,对葡萄牙的参与性实践进行了重要的重构。借鉴阿恩斯坦的公民参与阶梯作为启发式的出发点,本研究结合了当代的批评,并提出了一个基于经验观察的扩展框架。通过分析表和一系列比较案例研究的发展,本文描绘了参与性进程如何在不同的制度和公民背景下出现、形成和争议。它强调了形式服从、战略包容和基层动员作为参与性景观中同时存在的力量的共存。该分析揭示了监管形式主义和民主机构之间持续存在的紧张关系,并呼吁转向对环境更敏感、更有权力意识和更有合作成效的参与方式。本文通过提供一个定位和多元化的类型学来促进参与式规划理论,并通过为参与者配备诊断工具来改进参与式规划过程来促进实践。它最终认为,参与必须被重新定义为深化民主和空间正义的斗争,而不是规划治理中的程序复选框。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Urban Governance
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