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Urban governance: A food hall, and a city's capacity to care 城市治理:美食大厅和城市的关怀能力
Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2024.12.002
Noah Allison
It is well understood that capitalist systems maintained by cities result in unequal distribution of economic growth, resources, and opportunities. One central dynamic contributing to these socio-spatial inequalities stems from asymmetrically distributed resources for care. Caring is a fundamental human activity that involves an attentiveness to the needs, vulnerabilities, and well-being of others. However, in many cities today, particularly in North America, political ideologies understand care as individual responsibility and achievement. Yet, at the same time, cities are also repositories that generate resistance toward inequality. Metropolises are thus beginning to factor in new ways to make care possible. This paper therefore asks: how is care, in all its forms, made possible by cities? To answer this question, it explores a city's capacity to care in ways that include but also exceed social and welfare policies. This is achieved by examining the development and operation of a pilot food incubator program in Toronto. It does so by employing community engaged research and interview strategies to make sense of the power relations between the program actors through a ‘caring with’ lens. Engaging such strategies while focusing on care reveals novel municipal governance perspectives on the one hand. On the other it offers practical implications by illustrating the program's efficacy in accomplishing its goals. Making sense of the relationship between metropolises and care, this paper argues that cities ought to be judged not on how economically competitive they are, but on how they best foster care for people and future generations.
众所周知,城市所维持的资本主义制度导致了经济增长、资源和机会的不平等分配。造成这些社会空间不平等的一个核心原因是关爱资源的不对称分配。关爱是人类的一项基本活动,包括关注他人的需求、脆弱性和福祉。然而,在当今的许多城市,尤其是北美,政治意识形态将关爱理解为个人的责任和成就。然而,与此同时,城市也是产生抵制不平等现象的宝库。因此,大都市开始采用新的方式来实现关爱。因此,本文提出了这样一个问题:城市如何使各种形式的关爱成为可能?为了回答这个问题,本文探讨了城市以包括但也超越社会和福利政策的方式提供关爱的能力。本研究通过考察多伦多食品孵化试点项目的发展和运作来实现这一目标。为此,本研究采用了社区参与研究和访谈策略,通过 "关爱 "的视角来理解项目参与者之间的权力关系。在关注 "关爱 "的同时采用这种策略,一方面揭示了新颖的市政管理视角,另一方面也通过 "关爱 "提供了实际意义。另一方面,它通过说明该计划在实现其目标方面的功效,提供了实际意义。在理解大都市与关爱之间的关系时,本文认为,评判城市的标准不应是它们在经济上的竞争力,而应是它们如何为人们和子孙后代提供最好的关爱。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in citizen influencing willingness to participate in marine debris management and social well-being in Bali metropolitan, Indonesia 影响印度尼西亚巴厘都市参与海洋废弃物管理和社会福利意愿的公民趋势
Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2024.12.005
Sapta Suhardono , Chun-Hung Lee , I Wayan Koko Suryawan
In Bali, the high volume of tourists significantly contributes to marine debris, particularly plastics, which threatens the ecological health of beaches and marine life, impacting both tourism and local livelihoods. Effective management is crucial to preserve Bali's natural beauty and sustainability. This study explores the factors influencing the willingness to participate (WTP) in marine debris management among urban communities in the Bali metropolitan area, Indonesia. Utilizing a binary logistic regression model, we examine the impact of key elements for effective marine debris management, risk awareness, learning performance, and higher monthly income and geographic differences between inland and coastal communities. The findings reveal that effective management practices significantly enhance community participation, highlighting the importance of transparency, accountability, and well-organized efforts. Educational initiatives also play a crucial role, with performance in risk awareness and learning showing a marginally significant positive effect on WTP. Conversely, higher income levels negatively influence participation, suggesting a preference for institutional funding over personal contributions. Geographic differences indicate that coastal communities are more inclined to participate than inland communities. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers and practitioners in developing strategies to mobilize volunteers, enhance urban resilience, and promote social well-being. By implementing effective management practices, comprehensive educational programs, tailored engagement strategies, and fostering partnerships, urban communities in Bali can become more resilient and actively address environmental challenges.
在巴厘岛,大量游客大大增加了海洋垃圾,特别是塑料垃圾,威胁到海滩和海洋生物的生态健康,影响到旅游业和当地生计。有效的管理对于保护巴厘岛的自然美景和可持续性至关重要。本研究探讨印尼巴厘都市圈城市社区参与海洋废弃物管理意愿的影响因素。利用二元逻辑回归模型,我们研究了有效海洋垃圾管理的关键因素、风险意识、学习绩效、更高的月收入以及内陆和沿海社区之间的地理差异的影响。研究结果表明,有效的管理实践显著提高了社区参与,突出了透明度、问责制和组织良好的努力的重要性。教育举措也起着至关重要的作用,在风险意识和学习方面的表现对WTP有略微显著的积极影响。相反,较高的收入水平对参与产生负面影响,表明机构资助比个人捐款更受重视。地理差异表明,沿海社区比内陆社区更倾向于参与。这些见解为政策制定者和从业者制定动员志愿者、增强城市韧性和促进社会福祉的战略提供了宝贵指导。通过实施有效的管理实践、全面的教育计划、量身定制的参与战略和促进伙伴关系,巴厘岛的城市社区可以变得更有弹性,并积极应对环境挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the collective challenges of AI: An applied framework focused on people centeredness and public participation 评估人工智能的集体挑战:一个以人为本和公众参与的应用框架
Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2024.12.003
Catarina Fontes , Christelle Al Haddad , Constantinos Antoniou , Christoph Lütge
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a disruptive technology promising to revolutionize the relationship between humans and urban environments. While the forms of human-machine interaction are becoming increasingly natural and naturalized, the impacts of such interactions for individuals and society are far from simple to grasp. As AI and Urban AI-related systems are being adopted by local governments and public authorities in support of public service delivery, it becomes increasingly important to involve communities in discussing impacts and working towards acceptable trade-offs in terms of the risks and benefits AI can represent to everyday life. Participation is often part of the discourse around policymaking and urban governance, yet the gap between decision-makers and city-makers within urban governance is not resolved. Besides, the barriers participatory processes hold to be accessible and inclusive stem now from lack of AI literacy and overall awareness on why and how participation can be a pillar of policymaking. We propose an urban governance framework for assessing the collective challenges of AI focused on people centeredness and public participation. Our contribution to the field of urban governance is a piloted framework designed and implemented in collaboration with city representatives, supra governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations and respective lessons learned.
人工智能(AI)是一种颠覆性技术,有望彻底改变人类与城市环境之间的关系。虽然人机交互的形式正变得越来越自然和自然化,但这种交互对个人和社会的影响远非简单掌握。随着地方政府和公共当局采用人工智能和城市人工智能相关系统来支持公共服务的提供,让社区参与讨论人工智能对日常生活的影响,并就人工智能可能带来的风险和收益进行可接受的权衡,变得越来越重要。参与往往是政策制定和城市治理话语的一部分,但在城市治理中,决策者和城市决策者之间的差距并没有得到解决。此外,参与性进程的可及性和包容性所面临的障碍源于缺乏人工智能知识和对参与为何以及如何成为政策制定支柱的全面认识。我们提出了一个以人为中心和公众参与为重点的城市治理框架,用于评估人工智能的集体挑战。我们对城市治理领域的贡献是与城市代表、超政府组织和非政府组织合作设计和实施一个试点框架,并吸取各自的经验教训。
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引用次数: 0
Reimagining urban spaces: The role of makerspaces in regenerating ‘Maker City Sewoon’ 重塑城市空间:创客空间在“创客城市世云”再生中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2024.11.001
Yookyung Lee , Inhee Yu , Seungwoo Han
This study investigates the regeneration project of Sewoon Plaza, a historic hub of urban manufacturing in Seoul, South Korea, as a Maker City. Based on its existing manufacturing and distribution base and location in the city center, the plaza aims to be a Maker City that supports urban manufacturing, innovation, creation, and entrepreneurship. This study examines whether the four makerspaces are adequately positioned to spearhead urban regeneration, with a particular emphasis on the comprehensiveness of these makerspaces. Furthermore, it proposes policy implications for both makerspaces and urban regeneration within the Korean context. The study analyzed the management of the four makerspaces across seven components, including spaces and locations, tools and equipment, people involved, activities and programs, communities and networks, finances and business, and goals and initiatives. To conduct the research, a literature review, in-depth interviews, and fieldwork were employed. This study concluded that the makerspace was unable to effectively achieve the revitalization of the declining downtown manufacturing area. This research holds significance in its unique focus on analyzing Korea's inaugural mixed-use building through the lens of urban regeneration, diverging from a conventional architectural viewpoint. Additionally, the study delves into the examination of a prototypical maker city in Korea.
本研究调查了Sewoon广场的再生项目,Sewoon广场是韩国首尔历史悠久的城市制造业中心,也是一个创客城市。基于其现有的制造和分销基地以及在城市中心的位置,广场旨在成为一个支持城市制造,创新,创造和创业的创客之城。本研究考察了这四个创客空间是否有足够的定位来引领城市再生,并特别强调了这些创客空间的综合性。此外,它还提出了韩国背景下的创客空间和城市再生的政策含义。该研究分析了四个创客空间的七个组成部分,包括空间和地点、工具和设备、参与人员、活动和项目、社区和网络、财务和业务、目标和计划。为了进行研究,采用了文献综述、深度访谈和实地调查。研究认为,创客空间无法有效实现衰落的中心制造业区的振兴。这项研究的独特之处在于,它通过城市再生的视角来分析韩国首座混合用途建筑,与传统的建筑观点不同。此外,本研究还深入研究了韩国一个典型的创客城市。
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引用次数: 0
From COVID-19 to fuel subsidy removal in Nigeria: Assessing the political opportunities for local grievance 从2019冠状病毒病到尼日利亚取消燃料补贴:评估当地不满的政治机会
Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2024.12.007
Boluwatife Solomon Ajibola
How do publics protest local misgovernance? Two crisis cycles that posed severe economic hardship on ordinary Nigerians – the COVID-19 pandemic [2020] and the fuel subsidy removal policy [2023] – are interesting cases by which this study examines the dynamics of grassroot protests that are triggered by economic crises. It assesses the incentives and disincentives for local mobilisations across the two episodes and arrives at fundamental and direct factors underpinning local grievance and local governance inefficiencies. This study contends that social and economic opportunities for grassroot protests are created or subverted within a larger political context which hosts and possesses the capacity to mediate those collective action prospects. It further argues that the polarisation of the Nigerian polity occasioned by the 2023 general elections cycle partly accounts for the absence of immediate protests in response to the 2023 fuel subsidy removal policy, in contrast to the widespread demonstrations that instantly greeted the 2012 episode.
公众如何抗议地方治理不善?给普通尼日利亚人造成严重经济困难的两个危机周期--COVID-19 大流行[2020 年]和取消燃料补贴政策[2023 年]--是本研究考察经济危机引发的基层抗议动态的有趣案例。本研究评估了这两起事件中地方动员的激励和抑制因素,并得出了导致地方不满和地方治理效率低下的根本和直接因素。本研究认为,基层抗议活动的社会和经济机会是在更大的政治背景下产生或被颠覆的,而政治背景则承载并有能力调解这些集体行动的前景。本研究还认为,2023 年大选周期导致尼日利亚政体两极分化,这也是 2023 年取消燃料补贴政策没有立即引发抗议的部分原因,而 2012 年取消燃料补贴政策则立即引发了广泛的示威游行。
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引用次数: 0
Empowering urban resilience: Grassroots volunteering for a renewed shock-response governance in post-pandemic Milan 增强城市韧性:基层志愿服务为大流行后米兰新的冲击应对治理服务
Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2024.12.006
Chiara Caterina Razzano , Monica Bernardi
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical weaknesses in neoliberal urban governance, exacerbating pre-existing inequalities, poverty, and social exclusion. Public services in cities like Milan, Italy, struggled to meet growing needs, while traditional welfare systems appeared inadequate in addressing these escalating challenges. The study examines how grassroots initiatives, such as the Brigate Volontarie per l'Emergenza (BVEs, or Volunteer Brigades for Emergencies) evolved from informal volunteer groups into institutional partners and engaged in a successful response to the shocks generated in the city by COVID-19-induced measures. This transformation significantly influences Milan's crisis response and governance structures, thus enabling a renewal of community empowerment and urban resilience, from the bottom-up.
The research, based on semi-structured interviews, participant observation of volunteering activities, and researchers’ direct involvement in these initiatives, shows how Milan's integration of traditional governance with bottom-up, community-driven efforts has shaped a new collaborative governance model, characterized by adaptability, solidarity, and community empowerment. The study enriches the discourse on urban resilience by providing insights into the interplay between grassroots initiatives and institutional frameworks in shaping post-pandemic urban recovery.
2019冠状病毒病大流行暴露了新自由主义城市治理的严重弱点,加剧了原有的不平等、贫困和社会排斥。意大利米兰等城市的公共服务难以满足日益增长的需求,而传统的福利制度似乎不足以应对这些不断升级的挑战。该研究考察了基层倡议,如紧急情况志愿者旅(BVEs)如何从非正式志愿者团体演变为机构合作伙伴,并成功应对了由covid -19引发的措施在城市造成的冲击。这种转变对米兰的危机应对和治理结构产生了重大影响,从而实现了自下而上的社区赋权和城市韧性的更新。该研究基于半结构化访谈、志愿者活动的参与者观察以及研究人员对这些举措的直接参与,展示了米兰如何将传统治理与自下而上、社区驱动的努力相结合,形成了一种新的协作治理模式,其特点是适应性、团结性和社区赋权。该研究通过深入了解基层倡议与体制框架在形成大流行后城市复苏过程中的相互作用,丰富了关于城市复原力的论述。
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引用次数: 0
Tracking the adoption of sustainable trash disposal practices: Evidence from Benin’s waste management amid urbanization 跟踪可持续垃圾处理方法的采用情况:城市化进程中贝宁垃圾管理的证据
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2024.07.003
Dafeng Xu
This paper empirically investigates trash disposal practices among internal migrants in cities in Benin, a representative African country undergoing rapid urbanization. Compared to existing residents, Benin's new urban populations are less likely to dispose of trash sustainably, which is defined as trash disposal through formal collection services. Using Benin census data, this paper employs various linear and non-linear regression models to show that new urban residents experience “environmental assimilation” by progressively adopting the approach to trash disposal through formal collection services over time. In the long run, they may develop similar trash disposal practices compared to existing residents. Moreover, we use similar regression models to show that socioeconomic factors (e.g., education) are unlikely to account for their assimilation, and this assimilation pattern is mostly observed in larger cities, which have sufficient capacity for waste management. Small cities with rapidly growing populations show a significantly lower proportion of trash disposal through collection services among newly arrived migrants, as well as weak or no signs of their environmental assimilation over time.
贝宁是一个正在经历快速城市化的代表性非洲国家,本文通过实证研究了解了贝宁城市内部移民的垃圾处理方式。与现有居民相比,贝宁的城市新移民不太可能以可持续的方式处理垃圾,可持续处理垃圾的定义是通过正规收集服务处理垃圾。本文利用贝宁的人口普查数据,采用各种线性和非线性回归模型来说明,随着时间的推移,新城市居民会逐渐采用通过正规收集服务处理垃圾的方式,从而经历 "环境同化"。从长远来看,他们可能会形成与现有居民类似的垃圾处理方式。此外,我们使用类似的回归模型表明,社会经济因素(如教育)不太可能导致他们的同化,而且这种同化模式主要出现在较大的城市,因为这些城市有足够的垃圾处理能力。人口快速增长的小城市显示,新来移民中通过收集服务处理垃圾的比例明显较低,而且随着时间的推移,他们的环境同化程度较弱或没有同化迹象。
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引用次数: 0
Empowering urban futures: Key competencies for smart city resilience officers 增强城市未来的能力:智慧城市复原力官员的关键能力
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2024.07.001
Paraskevi Tsoutsa , Theodor Panagiotakopoulos , Vyron Damasiotis , Panos Fitsilis
As cities are developing to smart, new systems are utilized that contain a multitude of critical infrastructures. Although these offer major advantages, they are also exposed to new external and frequently uncontrollable factors increasing their risk exposure and enhancing their vulnerability. Therefore, increasing resilience during city development has become a prerequisite for its survival, but continuous resilience improvement led by workforce will help them to prosper. According to researchers, officers should be able to catalogue and prioritize threats and vulnerabilities, but is this only the case? Discrete studies detail and analyze in-depth risks related to smart cities, however, how these risks are addressed by workforce and how these are related to their competencies have not been thoroughly understood to date. If vulnerabilities are not understood and analyzed appropriately by the city workforce and stakeholders, unanticipated consequences and cascading failures may potential occur, even when crises are expected. The objective of this article is to inquire into responsibilities regarding crisis issues concerning the necessary competencies for resilience officers, by exploring current perceptions, expectations and recommendations as these are acknowledged in experts’ opinions and experiences. To do so, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to experts in the field, across various cities in Greece, to indicate responsibilities, and prioritize competencies that resilient officers in smart cities should possess. The findings highlighted significant responsibilities related to managing smart city risks and identified a distinct set of competencies unique to officers in this area, emphasizing the need for targeted efforts to enhance urban resilience through the initiatives led by city officers. This article establishes a clear path for advancing smart city research by highlighting competencies that could be integrated into educational curriculums. These competencies are essential for training a workforce that not only enhances disaster management awareness but also equips cities to handle potential catastrophic events effectively, thereby laying the groundwork for more resilient urban environments.
随着城市向智能化发展,新系统的使用包含了大量关键基础设施。尽管这些系统具有重大优势,但它们也面临着新的外部因素,而且这些因素往往是不可控的,从而增加了城市面临的风险,加剧了城市的脆弱性。因此,在城市发展过程中提高抗灾能力已成为城市生存的先决条件,而由劳动力主导的持续抗灾能力改进将有助于城市的繁荣。研究人员认为,官员应该能够对威胁和脆弱性进行分类和优先排序,但事实仅仅如此吗?离散研究详细介绍并深入分析了与智慧城市相关的风险,然而,迄今为止,人们尚未透彻了解工作人员如何应对这些风险,以及这些风险与工作人员能力的关系。如果城市工作人员和利益相关者不能正确理解和分析脆弱性,那么即使危机在意料之中,也可能出现意料之外的后果和连锁故障。本文旨在通过探讨专家意见和经验中所认可的当前看法、期望和建议,探究与抗灾官员必要能力相关的危机问题的责任。为此,我们编制了一份调查问卷,并分发给希腊各城市的相关专家,以说明智慧城市中抗灾官员应承担的责任,并优先考虑他们应具备的能力。调查结果强调了与管理智慧城市风险相关的重要责任,并确定了该领域官员所特有的一系列能力,强调有必要通过城市官员领导的举措,有针对性地努力提高城市抗灾能力。本文通过强调可纳入教育课程的能力,为推进智慧城市研究开辟了一条清晰的道路。这些能力对于培养一支不仅能提高灾害管理意识,而且能使城市有能力有效处理潜在灾难事件的人才队伍至关重要,从而为建设更具抗灾能力的城市环境奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Reimagining cities as self-organising capital creating ecosystems 将城市重新想象为自我组织的资本创造生态系统
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2024.08.001
Kevin C. Desouza , Richard T. Watson , Marc E.  B. Picavet
Executives who lead cities face considerable challenges. Cities are complex ecosystems comprising myriad interacting systems, including information systems, which are vital for their operation and prosperity. Recognizing the value that information systems can offer, significant investments have been made to acquire these systems and make cities smarter or more intelligent. However, many smart city projects have failed to deliver on their promises due to a lack of clarity regarding their overall goals. Smarter or more intelligent towards what end? This article provides a systems-inspired approach to urban planning based on the premise that a city is a self-organising, capital-creating ecosystem composed of a city's administration and the many organizations within its domain. As the city's keystone entity, the administration's role is to create capital that enhances the capital productivity of other ecosystem members and nourishes innovators to boost capital creativity. A capital improvement budgeting framework can specify the allocation of all forms of capital to promote symbiotic connections between the various entities within a city. A city stack is designed to guide a city's administration in cooperating with its self-organising ecosystem. A research agenda to foster capital creation by city leaders is also outlined.
领导城市的管理人员面临着巨大的挑战。城市是一个复杂的生态系统,由无数相互作用的系统组成,其中包括对城市运行和繁荣至关重要的信息系统。由于认识到信息系统所能提供的价值,人们投入了大量资金来获取这些系统,使城市变得更加智能或智慧。然而,由于总体目标不明确,许多智慧城市项目未能兑现承诺。更智能或更智慧的目的是什么?本文提供了一种基于系统启发的城市规划方法,其前提是城市是一个自组织的、创造资本的生态系统,由城市管理部门及其领域内的众多组织组成。作为城市的基石实体,行政部门的作用是创造资本,以提高生态系统其他成员的资本生产率,并滋养创新者以提高资本创造力。资本改善预算框架可明确规定各种形式资本的分配,以促进城市内各实体之间的共生联系。城市堆栈旨在指导城市管理部门与自组织生态系统合作。此外,还概述了促进城市领导者创造资本的研究议程。
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引用次数: 0
Urban resilience: Multidimensional perspectives, challenges and prospects for future research 城市复原力:多维视角、挑战和未来研究展望
Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ugj.2024.09.003
Naim Kapucu , Yue Ge , Emilie Rott , Hasan Isgandar
This manuscript investigates the multifaceted concept of urban resilience amidst escalating urbanization and environmental challenges. The study identifies and examines key problems across environmental, infrastructural, economic, human, social, and institutional dimensions of urban resilience through a systematic review of literature and consultations with experts in the field. Emphasizing the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration and community involvement, the research underscores the necessity for innovative approaches to bolster urban resilience. By shedding light on the intricate dynamics of urban challenges, the study advocates for sustainable urban development strategies that prioritize resilience-building. Insights from the study pave the way for future research endeavors aimed at addressing urban complexities and fostering resilient urban environments that can withstand and adapt to external and internal disturbances effectively.
本手稿探讨了在城市化和环境挑战不断升级的情况下城市复原力的多层面概念。研究通过对文献的系统回顾以及与该领域专家的磋商,确定并探讨了城市恢复力在环境、基础设施、经济、人文、社会和制度等方面的关键问题。研究强调了跨学科合作和社区参与的重要性,强调了采用创新方法增强城市复原力的必要性。通过揭示城市挑战错综复杂的动态变化,该研究倡导优先考虑复原力建设的可持续城市发展战略。这项研究的见解为今后的研究工作铺平了道路,研究的目的是解决城市的复杂性,并培养具有复原力的城市环境,使其能够有效地抵御和适应外部和内部的干扰。
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引用次数: 0
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Urban Governance
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