Urban Governance最新文献

The right to inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable suburbs is an aim of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, with a particular focus on addressing race, disability, class, gender and age inequality and injustice by the year 2030. Despite supranational interest in creating inclusive sustainable cities and communities, we still know little about what this means for disabled people¹. In this article, we address this gap ––through participatory qualitative research study – Planning Inclusive Communities, involving 97 people (9-92 years of age) of which over 50% identified as disabled people from two Australian regions - Tasmania and Queensland. The research revealed five core interrelated elements - “The Makings of Inclusive Communities” .These five elements reinforce the importance of interconnected social, economic, and built environment structures and systems in facilitating inclusion, and that inclusion happens in place and movement through everyday experiences. The empirical findings offer important new insights that help expand the inclusive cities and communities’ discourse through the voices of disabled and non-disabled people, around issues of equity, access, and inclusion. Furthermore, the research helps lay the foundations to guide future urban policy and research on planning inclusive cities and communities from the position of disability justice and human diversity.

While the impact of the house purchase restriction (HPR) policy on the housing market in China has been deeply examined, there is still little known about how the housing market varies when such policy is abandoned. To fill this gap, we first theoretically propose two hypotheses concerning the relationship between abandoning HPR policy and housing price and transaction based on the housing literature. We then examine the hypotheses by taking Jinan, China as empirical case that offer an excellent policy setting of some districts having discarded the policy while the other remains. The results derived from Synthetic Control Method (SCM) showed that the cancellation of the HPR policy plays a vital role in increasing the transaction volume, but it fails to promote house prices. The findings remain reliable after a series of placebo and robustness tests. This article adds new insight to the debate on efficacy of government intervention via more granular quantitative data, and further contributes to policy implications regarding housing market development.

Participation is often employed by authorities as a unilateral tool for gathering data from citizens, informing them about processes, and obtaining legitimacy and accountability, rather than truly empowering or collaborating with citizens. However, many scholars emphasize the vital role of civic consciousness and collective intelligence (CI) in addressing chronic issues and global crises related to shared interests and values. To achieve this with effective participatory design and planning (PD&P) processes, it's essential to understand citizens' perspectives rather than imposing ‘one-size-fits-all’ approaches.

We explored how citizens evaluate existing PD&P mechanisms in three capital cities: Ankara, Bogota, and Madrid, representing developed, developing, and least-developed countries. Through collective experiments using conjoint analysis, we conducted citizen interviews based on the CI genome consisting of key dimensions and attributes of PD&P for public spaces. Crowdsourcing applications were integrated to enhance field studies. Additionally, chord diagrams and scatter charts visually depict interrelations among the grouped and ranked genome attributes. Our analysis explores variations and commonalities across cities and includes reflections from students.

The results show that PD&P is perceived as significantly important, while top-down political decisions are perceived as dissatisfactory by most respondents. Notably, Madrid stands out positively in certain dimensions, including the willingness for active participation, multi-functionality as a capital, and diversity of initiatives. In addition, the political culture, respondents' education, age, and attachment to the city have significant influences on preferred methods, prioritized issues, and attitudes. Despite its limitations, conjoint analysis holds promise as a method to understand citizens' demands and design robust PD&P settings for deeper and broader involvement.

Historically, many national governments of Sub-Saharan African countries, including Ghana, have devolved the responsibility of environmental sanitation to local government authorities to enact bye-laws within their catchment areas. Sanitation bye-laws are context-specific rules of the game aimed at shaping human-environment relationships at the local level. Yet, few studies have assessed their effectiveness in addressing environmental sanitation problems in Ghana. Through a comparative analysis of four local government authorities, this study evaluated the effectiveness of sanitation bye-laws in Ghana by drawing data from key informant interviews. It was revealed that the effectiveness of local government authorities sanitation bye-laws, was compromised by political interference, funding, lack of a proper sanctioning system and the lack of awareness of these bye-laws. The depoliticization of environmental sanitation and the establishment of environmental tribunals are necessary for environmental governance. This would enable local government authorities put developing countries on the right trajectory towards sustainable development at the local level.

This paper is focused on examining how multicultural policies influencing our everyday intercultural encounters in the public realm have emerged, formed, and evolved as part of an overall place governance framework in Australian cities. The motivation of this paper is in response to an increasingly multi-ethnic society where public spaces and places have become important sites of shared intercultural encounters. By adopting Hall's ‘trans-ethnography’ framework as an analytical lens, the paper relies on secondary research to critically appraise thirty-three (33) urban policy and governance discourse in thirty-one (31) local government areas in Metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria. Using thematic analysis, the paper shows that the evolving policies must address the needs of a hyper-diverse, multicultural publics across an ‘ethnographic stretch’ – Intimate, Collective and Symbolic. These would have clear multi-scalar implications for public space and placemaking. It calls for multicultural policies to integrate and not ignore cultural diversity as a key ingredient of place governance but also in the design and planning of the public realm, in particular, contributing towards a more holistic and inclusive governance model and the of shaping more inclusive cities and communities in Australia.

In many cities, the rise in car ownership has been recorded as it has brought about impediments to urban planning. Dissatisfaction with the available public transport options has resulted in a motive to personally resolve transport challenges. The comparative study of determinants of car ownership, rapid population increases and their impacts on the planning of two African cities is the subject of this research and surveys were used to collect data for the analysis. The perception of car owners was considered in this study as it was the impetus for car ownership amongst other determining factors. A correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association between the growth in car ownership and income. In comparison, for every increase in income in Johannesburg, there is likely to be a 0.6207 rise in the number of car ownership, and for every increase in income in Lagos, there is likely to be a 0.5456 increase in the number of cars purchased. The study also revealed that while Lagos respondents purchased private cars because they wanted a comfortable, faster, and convenient transport, Johannesburg respondents purchased cars because they wanted a convenient, safer, and comfortable means of transport. The study concluded that the perception of car owners is similar in both cities but are not in the same hierarchy.

This article explores the governance structure of cultural heritage by analyzing the interactions of government sectors at multiple levels through the lenses of governing instruments. It contributes to the discussions of urban conservation – (re)development balance in China. The main conclusions are the following: (1) resources of information and authority are the most mobilized in the deployment of instruments, and interactions among vertical and horizontal coordination of multi-level government are mainly goal-setting; (2) interaction patterns in conserving tangible and intangible cultural heritage are categorized as steering mode, discretion, national and local approaches; (3) the opportunities and challenges for urban conservation-(re) development balance are analyzed from the following dimensions: the compatibility of government sectors’ objectives and responsibilities, the integration of responsibility and resources among multi-level government, the convergence of vertical and horizontal interactions (“tiao” and “kuai”), and the harmonization of the governance system in cultural heritage conservation. This article only includes policy documents for analysis. Future research could explore the interactions between governments, communities, and private sectors in practice.

The mental health effects of the Covid-19 pandemic across the globe have been significant, are ongoing, and will persist for a long time. Mental healthcare systems (MHS) to address these effects have been stressed beyond their limit. They have had to: (a) sense the developments and respond to the changing needs quickly, (b) be agile in obtaining feedback and learning from it in very short cycle times, and (c) immediately integrate their personal local experience, the reported global experience and translate the learning to practice. This intense learning cycle has spawned an enormous corpus of research on MHS during COVID-19 and shifted the paradigm of research. Lessons from the paradigm shift should be embraced and normalized in the roadmap for MHS research post COVID-19. This paper presents an ontology of MHS as a framework to systematically: (a) visualize in structured natural-English the dimensions, elements, and narratives of MHS research, (b) map the emphases and gaps in the research during COVID-19, and (c) develop a roadmap to shift the future research paradigm.

Transitioning to cleaner technologies and public transport service delivery are fundamental needs in addressing the climate crisis and realising mobility justice, especially in the Global South. But while low carbon transport is a vital element of meeting this demand, the transition process must be just and not disenfranchising to the thousands of informal transport workers who will be negatively affected by state transport modernisation programmes. This is why this research engages with the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP) in the Philippines, which aims to replace the so-called ‘king of the road’ called jeepneys with modern vehicles. These public utility vehicles (PUVs) are a major cultural icon in Philippine streets that served the riding public since the aftermath of World War II. But without receiving any technological and business innovations, they have become major targets for government intervention that are largely unaffordable to low-income jeepney drivers and operators. Through my interviews with Philippine government transport agencies, private sector representatives, and civil society organisations alongside a review of media coverages and policy and academic discourses, and participant observation, I navigated around the issues surrounding the PUVMP. This programme is largely seen by jeepney organisations and critical civil society organisations as means to phase out this Filipino cultural icon, an anti-poor measure, and a means for the corporate capture of the public transport sector. With these issues, the quest for just transitions through anchoring the PUVMP to having incremental changes, inclusive dialogues, and industry support serve as important considerations to ensure the sustainability and inclusivity of this programme, especially in the post-Covid 19 pandemic era.