Archivos de prevencion de riesgos laborales最新文献

Objective: Workplace safety culture plays a critical role in preventing occupational risks and improving worker well-being. However, despite existing regulations, its implementation remains inconsistent in various industries. This study aims to validate an instrument for measuring the level of safety culture in Peru to identify critical improvement areas and support evidence-based strategies.  Method: A three-part validation was conducted: selection of the instrument through a review of the scientific literature, qualitative validation through expert judgment, and quantitative validation via a pilot test with 42 workers. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega, while construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis with Unweighted Least Squares and Promax rotation.

Results: The validated instrument consists of 16 questions grouped into five dimensions: a) active participation in safety, b) awareness and compliance with safety regulations, c) risk knowledge and safety training, d) concern for safety and adherence to procedures, and e) prevention and communication about safety. The final model demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's ? = 0.822, Omega = 0.83) and a stable factorial structure, explaining 75.79% of the variance.

Conclusions: This validated questionnaire is a reliable tool for assessing safety culture in companies in Peru, allowing organizations to identify weaknesses and implement targeted safety interventions.

This case report presents a worker who sustained a traffic accident while commuting, and was then seen in clinic for thoracolumbar  pain with a torpid evolution. During follow-up, rare pathologies were progressively diagnosed: a Tarlov cyst, pudendal neuropathy, and pelvic lipomatosis. These three conditions, all affecting the pelvic region, led to pain, neurological dysfunction, and anatomical alterations, leading to a progressive disability. Although the Tarlov cyst was ruled out as the main cause, the pudendal neuropathy and pelvic lipomatosis accounted for the clinical manifestations. Despite medical treatment, the patient evolved toward absolute permanent disability, later recognized by judicial ruling. This case highlights how a traffic accident initially classified as minor can lead to severe, complex clinical outcomes.

Communication is a key element in organizations. There are different predominant approaches that directly affect workplace dynamics, among which are passive and aggressive communication, which represent opposite ends of the spectrum. In managing interpersonal relationships in a balanced way, assertive communication is recommended. Furthermore, when organizational communication is integrated at hierarchical levels, it can take the form of downward, upward, horizontal, and diagonal communication-each with its own particular characteristics, limitations, and possibilities within the organizational structure.

The WHO and the Spanish Pediatric Association (AEP) recommend an early start of breastfeeding and its maintenance as long as possible. The benefit about risk during breastfeeding is initiated in Spanish legislation by a Ley Orgánica 3/2007 22 th of March and achieves regulatory development through a Real Decreto 295/2009 6th of March. CENDOJ Centro de Documentación Judicial is used for search keywords: Benefit related to risk during breastfeeding. Only 10 results are obtained, of which 5 are excluded because they do not concur to the search criteria. Most of the court's ruling are supporting the demands of the workers and it is remarkable an assessment of specific workplaces during breastfeeding. There is a discrepancy between WHO/AEP advice and the current Spanish labor legislation.

Pneumoconioses are occupational lung diseases associated with the inhalation of inorganic dusts, with varying prevalence worldwide, especially in industries with inadequate regulations. Despite improvements in developed countries, pneumoconiosis incidence remains and is increasing in emerging sectors like artificial stone production and handling. These diseases pose a significant global public health risk, especially in regions with limited workplace controls. We propose an International Pneumoconiosis Observatory to monitor prevalence and incidence, assess preventive measures, and coordinate international regulations. This entity would enable preventive strategy development, knowledge exchange, and rapid responses to new exposure risks. A coordinated global effort is essential to curbing pneumoconiosis cases and protecting vulnerable workers.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the risk associated with lifting loads in a small Colombian construction company, combining quantitative analysis of biomechanical factors and qualitative analysis of workers' perceptions and coping strategies.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with a mixed methods approach, both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative phase consisted of an assessment of 8 common tasks in construction using the NIOSH and OWAS methods, breaking down each task into phases and considering the lifting of the load to estimate the most demanding posture and calculate the risk category. The qualitative phase included in-depth interviews with 9 workers (8 men, 1 woman) regarding risk perception and coping strategies, and thematic content analysis was performed.

Results: 62.5% of the evaluated tasks presented high to moderate risk levels of musculoskeletal injury, with shoveling and lifting cement bags being the highest risk tasks. The interviews revealed risk normalization, influence of sociocultural factors (machismo culture, competitiveness) and economic factors (job insecurity) on risk perception and management. Concomitant factors for analysis were identified, such as low work experience, the role of women in the sector, and the migratory status of workers.  Conclusions: The risk associated with lifting loads in construction transcends biomechanical aspects. Socioeconomic, psychosocial, gender, and cultural factors, among others, significantly affect how risk is faced. An integrative model was generated for risk analysis in this population and similar ones.