Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2023.1302571
Cristiano M. Rossignoli, Chinedu Obi, Syed Aman Ali, Najeeb Ullah, Sidra Khalid, Mohsin Hafeez, Syed Mehtab Hassan Shah
Lack of data about saline aquaculture in Pakistan has curtailed informed policy and investment decision making resulting in undervaluation of and underinvestment in the sector. Therefore, saline aquaculture in Pakistan is today an underdeveloped sector despite its potential as an alternative livelihood for the country's rural farmers. This study represents one of the initial exploratory investigations into saline aquaculture systems in Pakistan, aiming to comprehend the existing sectoral landscape, production challenges, post-harvest constraints, and the associated capacity and investment needs.The study employed purposive sampling to survey 121 low-income saline aquaculture farmers across five districts of Southern Punjab and Sindh provinces. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics.The results revealed that the saline aquaculture sector is predominantly male-centric, with agricultural land utilized for both agriculture and aquaculture purposes. Ponds, which usually serve multiple functions, focus primarily on carp production, but adherence to good management practices remains limited. Farmers face various challenges, including the high costs of feed and seeds, freshwater scarcity, inadequate technical knowledge, and marketing issues.This study serves as a foundational assessment, addressing data and information gaps crucial for supporting the sustainable development of saline aquaculture in Pakistan. To facilitate such development, the study recommends initiating programs to strengthen technical skills in saline aquaculture, together with the establishment of hatcheries and breeding stations for saline-tolerant species, aiming to reduce dependence on freshwater species in saline pond environments.
{"title":"Production system and challenges of saline aquaculture in Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan","authors":"Cristiano M. Rossignoli, Chinedu Obi, Syed Aman Ali, Najeeb Ullah, Sidra Khalid, Mohsin Hafeez, Syed Mehtab Hassan Shah","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2023.1302571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1302571","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of data about saline aquaculture in Pakistan has curtailed informed policy and investment decision making resulting in undervaluation of and underinvestment in the sector. Therefore, saline aquaculture in Pakistan is today an underdeveloped sector despite its potential as an alternative livelihood for the country's rural farmers. This study represents one of the initial exploratory investigations into saline aquaculture systems in Pakistan, aiming to comprehend the existing sectoral landscape, production challenges, post-harvest constraints, and the associated capacity and investment needs.The study employed purposive sampling to survey 121 low-income saline aquaculture farmers across five districts of Southern Punjab and Sindh provinces. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics.The results revealed that the saline aquaculture sector is predominantly male-centric, with agricultural land utilized for both agriculture and aquaculture purposes. Ponds, which usually serve multiple functions, focus primarily on carp production, but adherence to good management practices remains limited. Farmers face various challenges, including the high costs of feed and seeds, freshwater scarcity, inadequate technical knowledge, and marketing issues.This study serves as a foundational assessment, addressing data and information gaps crucial for supporting the sustainable development of saline aquaculture in Pakistan. To facilitate such development, the study recommends initiating programs to strengthen technical skills in saline aquaculture, together with the establishment of hatcheries and breeding stations for saline-tolerant species, aiming to reduce dependence on freshwater species in saline pond environments.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"112 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2023.1254038
Edel Oddny Elvevoll, Karl-Erik Eilertsen, Michaela Aschan, Narcisa Maria Bandarra
Food agencies recommend increasing the consumption of aquatic food to promote healthy living and sustainability, and, particularly, to prevent Western lifestyle-related diseases and secure sustainable food systems. This requires growth in global seafood production, and the utilization of low trophic species (LTS) is suggested. LTS are already considered nutritious and important in Asian and Pacific diets. As the use of LTS is expanding in Western diets, producers and consumers need information on the food safety practices associated with them and their nutritional content. LTS are mainly immobile or slow-moving extractive species or organisms that feed on such, and their nutrient and contaminant content varies by species and location. Species-specific knowledge on nutritional contents and safe consumption limits is often missing, making the monitoring and analysis of contaminants, nutrients, and consumption data crucial to guiding the utilization and consumption of LTS. Using global and regional standards regarding nutrients, food hazards, and labeling, this review highlights the appropriate guidelines and regulations for guiding the utilization of selected novel species and also identifies knowledge gaps.
{"title":"New marine low trophic resources as food: nutritional and food safety aspects","authors":"Edel Oddny Elvevoll, Karl-Erik Eilertsen, Michaela Aschan, Narcisa Maria Bandarra","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2023.1254038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1254038","url":null,"abstract":"Food agencies recommend increasing the consumption of aquatic food to promote healthy living and sustainability, and, particularly, to prevent Western lifestyle-related diseases and secure sustainable food systems. This requires growth in global seafood production, and the utilization of low trophic species (LTS) is suggested. LTS are already considered nutritious and important in Asian and Pacific diets. As the use of LTS is expanding in Western diets, producers and consumers need information on the food safety practices associated with them and their nutritional content. LTS are mainly immobile or slow-moving extractive species or organisms that feed on such, and their nutrient and contaminant content varies by species and location. Species-specific knowledge on nutritional contents and safe consumption limits is often missing, making the monitoring and analysis of contaminants, nutrients, and consumption data crucial to guiding the utilization and consumption of LTS. Using global and regional standards regarding nutrients, food hazards, and labeling, this review highlights the appropriate guidelines and regulations for guiding the utilization of selected novel species and also identifies knowledge gaps.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"17 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135326247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2023.1238991
Peter Edwards
The history of freshwater fish production and consumption in Thailand were reviewed in the late 1970s. While aquaculture had a history of more than a century in the country it had only started to expand relatively recently because of the abundance of wild fish in former times. Historical aspects of freshwater capture fisheries and freshwater aquaculture in Thailand, and the development of irrigation in Central Thailand which played an important role in facilitating the development of inland aquaculture in the country were reviewed. While dam construction led to the demise of the flood plain capture fishery, it provided a controlled water supply necessary for the subsequent development of aquaculture. The study informed the development of education and research in aquaculture at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). More recent developments in Thai aquaculture are outlined. Malnutrition in developing countries and fish in the Thai diet at the time of the study were also reviewed.
{"title":"The early history of freshwater fish production and consumption in Thailand","authors":"Peter Edwards","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2023.1238991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1238991","url":null,"abstract":"The history of freshwater fish production and consumption in Thailand were reviewed in the late 1970s. While aquaculture had a history of more than a century in the country it had only started to expand relatively recently because of the abundance of wild fish in former times. Historical aspects of freshwater capture fisheries and freshwater aquaculture in Thailand, and the development of irrigation in Central Thailand which played an important role in facilitating the development of inland aquaculture in the country were reviewed. While dam construction led to the demise of the flood plain capture fishery, it provided a controlled water supply necessary for the subsequent development of aquaculture. The study informed the development of education and research in aquaculture at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). More recent developments in Thai aquaculture are outlined. Malnutrition in developing countries and fish in the Thai diet at the time of the study were also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"27 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136312225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Small indigenous fish species (SIS) can be particularly rich in micronutrients and make a crucial contribution toward improving human nutrition. The introduction of mola ( Amblypharyngodon mola ), an SIS, which is particularly rich in vitamin A, into smallholder carp aquaculture systems has been widely promoted over the past decade as a promising nutrition-sensitive innovation. However, standardized techniques for the hatchery mass production of mola do not yet exist. We hypothesized that the lack of commercial hatchery mass-production techniques for mola seed is the key barrier limiting potential for widespread adoption of carp–SIS polyculture. Methods To address this gap, we conducted breeding trials at a private hatchery in Odisha, India, from July to September 2022, to identify standardized methods for the hatchery-based mass production of mola seed. Breeding was induced using a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (SGnRHa) at 0.5 mL and 0.25 mL per kg of body weight of female fish and male fish, respectively. Fish spawned in double hapas in breeding tanks. Results The average fertilization, spawning, and hatching rates over 10 breeding cycles were 81%, 82%, and 85%, respectively. A total of 8.5 million fertilized eggs and 6.4 million hatchlings were produced. The survival of fry during larval rearing trials at a stocking rate of 500 hatchlings/m2 was 58% after 22 days. The mola hatchlings and fry were sold to 29 farmers at prices comparable to those of Indian major carp. Discussion This article makes a unique contribution to the literature by documenting the entire process of hatchery-based mass mola seed production, including broodfish collection and maintenance, hormone dose optimization, breeding arrangements, breeder characteristics, breeding behavior and performance fecundity, larval rearing, and seed sales to farmers. This information is intended to serve as a protocol to be followed by any individual or institution with an interest in mola breeding and represents an important contribution to the development of nutrition-sensitive aquaculture.
{"title":"Cracking the code of hatchery-based mass production of mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) seed for nutrition-sensitive aquaculture","authors":"Francois Rajts, Sourabh Kumar Dubey, Kalpajit Gogoi, Rashmi Ranjan Das, Saurava Kumar Biswal, Arun Panemangalore Padiyar, Suresh Rajendran, Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted, Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan, Ben Belton","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2023.1271715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1271715","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Small indigenous fish species (SIS) can be particularly rich in micronutrients and make a crucial contribution toward improving human nutrition. The introduction of mola ( Amblypharyngodon mola ), an SIS, which is particularly rich in vitamin A, into smallholder carp aquaculture systems has been widely promoted over the past decade as a promising nutrition-sensitive innovation. However, standardized techniques for the hatchery mass production of mola do not yet exist. We hypothesized that the lack of commercial hatchery mass-production techniques for mola seed is the key barrier limiting potential for widespread adoption of carp–SIS polyculture. Methods To address this gap, we conducted breeding trials at a private hatchery in Odisha, India, from July to September 2022, to identify standardized methods for the hatchery-based mass production of mola seed. Breeding was induced using a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (SGnRHa) at 0.5 mL and 0.25 mL per kg of body weight of female fish and male fish, respectively. Fish spawned in double hapas in breeding tanks. Results The average fertilization, spawning, and hatching rates over 10 breeding cycles were 81%, 82%, and 85%, respectively. A total of 8.5 million fertilized eggs and 6.4 million hatchlings were produced. The survival of fry during larval rearing trials at a stocking rate of 500 hatchlings/m2 was 58% after 22 days. The mola hatchlings and fry were sold to 29 farmers at prices comparable to those of Indian major carp. Discussion This article makes a unique contribution to the literature by documenting the entire process of hatchery-based mass mola seed production, including broodfish collection and maintenance, hormone dose optimization, breeding arrangements, breeder characteristics, breeding behavior and performance fecundity, larval rearing, and seed sales to farmers. This information is intended to serve as a protocol to be followed by any individual or institution with an interest in mola breeding and represents an important contribution to the development of nutrition-sensitive aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2023.1236346
Andrea M. Tarnecki, Kevin Landry, Scott Rikard
Demand for oysters in the premium half-shell market drives the need for research to optimize and improve oyster aquaculture production methods. After setting, oysters are typically maintained in nursery upwellers that provide nutrients and oxygen while removing waste. They remain in the nursery until they are large enough to be deployed in aquaculture gear. Land-based upweller systems include silo and bottle upwellers, with bottles requiring less space and maintenance. However, it is unknown if upweller type influences oyster growth, shape, or survival after field deployment. This study reared Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica , to 2 mm in silo or bottle upwellers and deployed them to floating bags for a six-week grow-out period. Oysters were sampled initially, then size graded, counted, and redeployed every two weeks. Changes in growth parameters, quality ratios, survival, and hinge backbend deformity prevalence were determined after six weeks. Initially, silo-reared oysters were larger than those reared in bottles, likely due to the need for flow rate optimization and/or the tumbling action that breaks the fragile growing edge of the shell. Despite these initial differences, there were minimal size differences between upweller types after six weeks of growth in the field. There were no significant differences in survival, hinge backbend abnormality prevalence, or size class distribution between upweller types. These results indicate that upweller choice has minimal impact on the grow-out phase of oyster production and both systems are acceptable for Eastern oyster production in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
{"title":"Nursery upweller type has minimal impact on subsequent grow-out of Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica)","authors":"Andrea M. Tarnecki, Kevin Landry, Scott Rikard","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2023.1236346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1236346","url":null,"abstract":"Demand for oysters in the premium half-shell market drives the need for research to optimize and improve oyster aquaculture production methods. After setting, oysters are typically maintained in nursery upwellers that provide nutrients and oxygen while removing waste. They remain in the nursery until they are large enough to be deployed in aquaculture gear. Land-based upweller systems include silo and bottle upwellers, with bottles requiring less space and maintenance. However, it is unknown if upweller type influences oyster growth, shape, or survival after field deployment. This study reared Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica , to 2 mm in silo or bottle upwellers and deployed them to floating bags for a six-week grow-out period. Oysters were sampled initially, then size graded, counted, and redeployed every two weeks. Changes in growth parameters, quality ratios, survival, and hinge backbend deformity prevalence were determined after six weeks. Initially, silo-reared oysters were larger than those reared in bottles, likely due to the need for flow rate optimization and/or the tumbling action that breaks the fragile growing edge of the shell. Despite these initial differences, there were minimal size differences between upweller types after six weeks of growth in the field. There were no significant differences in survival, hinge backbend abnormality prevalence, or size class distribution between upweller types. These results indicate that upweller choice has minimal impact on the grow-out phase of oyster production and both systems are acceptable for Eastern oyster production in the northern Gulf of Mexico.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2023.1239402
Gopika Radhakrishnan, Nina S. Liland, Marianne Wethe Koch, Erik-Jan Lock, Antony Jesu Prabhu Philip, Ikram Belghit
Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) were fed diets containing black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal at two inclusion levels for 13 months in open sea-cages. BSFL meal replaced plant-based ingredients and dietary insect meal inclusion levels were at 5% and 10%. A commercial salmon diet was fed as a control diet. Fish were reared from ~173 g to ~ 4 kg and were randomly distributed into nine open sea-cages with ~6000 salmon/cage (12×12 m 2 ; 1900 m 3 ). Fish from the sea-cages were sampled at two time points (mid and final samplings) to study the dietary effects of BSFL meal on the general health and welfare. Monthly assessments of sea-lice and gill score were conducted to evaluate the overall well-being of the salmon. The findings from the current study revealed that dietary inclusion of BSFL meal up to 10% did not have any significant effects in general growth, welfare or survival. However, significant positive response was observed in the general skin mucosal, hematological, and gene expression profiles of salmon. Notably, the group of salmon fed with 5% BSFL meal showed a significant decrease in plasma aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Also, a significantly higher expression of interleukin1β in both skin and gill along with upregulation of matrix metallopeptidase9 and mucin18 in gill were observed in salmon fed BSFL at 5%, which aided in increased immune responses. Apart from that, this group had significantly higher mucus secretions, decreased cortisol response and increased number of erythrocytes. Furthermore, the delousing stress had a significant effect on the plasma cortisol, and these responses were independent of the dietary effect. Moreover, these immune responses behaved differently at different fish size and time points, acknowledging the influence of various factors in immune modulation. Overall, the findings from this study showed the effects of dietary BSFL meal to modulate the immune status of salmon. This study aims to fill the existing knowledge gaps regarding the impact of incorporating BSFL meal as a functional feed ingredient into the salmon diet on health and immune status replicating real farm conditions.
采用两种添加水平的黑虻幼虫(BSFL)饲料，在开放式海笼中饲养13个月。BSFL粉替代植物性成分，饲粮昆虫粉添加水平分别为5%和10%。用商业鲑鱼饲料作为对照饲料。鱼从~173 g ~ ~ 4 kg饲养，随机分配到9个开放式海网箱中，每个网箱约6000条鲑鱼(12×12 m2;1900米3)。在两个时间点(中期和最终取样)对海网箱中的鱼进行取样，以研究BSFL粉对总体健康和福利的膳食影响。每月进行海虱和鳃评分评估，以评估鲑鱼的整体健康状况。目前的研究结果表明，饮食中添加10%的BSFL对总体生长、福利或生存没有任何显著影响。然而，在鲑鱼的一般皮肤粘膜，血液学和基因表达谱中观察到显着的阳性反应。值得注意的是，添加5% BSFL饲料组的血浆天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶显著降低。此外，添加5% BSFL的鲑鱼皮肤和鳃中白细胞介素1β的表达显著增加，鳃中基质金属肽酶9和mucin18的表达上调，这有助于增强免疫反应。除此之外，该组粘液分泌明显增加，皮质醇反应降低，红细胞数量增加。此外，除虱应激对血浆皮质醇有显著影响，且这些反应与饮食的影响无关。此外，这些免疫反应在不同的鱼的大小和时间点表现不同，承认免疫调节的各种因素的影响。总的来说，本研究的结果表明，膳食中添加BSFL粉可以调节鲑鱼的免疫状态。本研究旨在填补关于将BSFL粉作为功能性饲料成分添加到鲑鱼日粮中对健康和免疫状况影响的现有知识空白，并复制真实养殖条件。
{"title":"Evaluation of black soldier fly larvae meal as a functional feed ingredient in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under farm-like conditions","authors":"Gopika Radhakrishnan, Nina S. Liland, Marianne Wethe Koch, Erik-Jan Lock, Antony Jesu Prabhu Philip, Ikram Belghit","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2023.1239402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1239402","url":null,"abstract":"Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) were fed diets containing black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal at two inclusion levels for 13 months in open sea-cages. BSFL meal replaced plant-based ingredients and dietary insect meal inclusion levels were at 5% and 10%. A commercial salmon diet was fed as a control diet. Fish were reared from ~173 g to ~ 4 kg and were randomly distributed into nine open sea-cages with ~6000 salmon/cage (12×12 m 2 ; 1900 m 3 ). Fish from the sea-cages were sampled at two time points (mid and final samplings) to study the dietary effects of BSFL meal on the general health and welfare. Monthly assessments of sea-lice and gill score were conducted to evaluate the overall well-being of the salmon. The findings from the current study revealed that dietary inclusion of BSFL meal up to 10% did not have any significant effects in general growth, welfare or survival. However, significant positive response was observed in the general skin mucosal, hematological, and gene expression profiles of salmon. Notably, the group of salmon fed with 5% BSFL meal showed a significant decrease in plasma aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Also, a significantly higher expression of interleukin1β in both skin and gill along with upregulation of matrix metallopeptidase9 and mucin18 in gill were observed in salmon fed BSFL at 5%, which aided in increased immune responses. Apart from that, this group had significantly higher mucus secretions, decreased cortisol response and increased number of erythrocytes. Furthermore, the delousing stress had a significant effect on the plasma cortisol, and these responses were independent of the dietary effect. Moreover, these immune responses behaved differently at different fish size and time points, acknowledging the influence of various factors in immune modulation. Overall, the findings from this study showed the effects of dietary BSFL meal to modulate the immune status of salmon. This study aims to fill the existing knowledge gaps regarding the impact of incorporating BSFL meal as a functional feed ingredient into the salmon diet on health and immune status replicating real farm conditions.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136254308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2023.1254593
Citra Fitrie Riany, Stefan Partelow, Ben Nagel
Introduction An important blind spot in current aquaculture governance research and practice is recognizing the high dependency of the sector on commons (i.e., shared resources), and their interconnectivity with other sectors such as agriculture. This is particularly evident in Indonesia where there is general lack of social and governance research on aquaculture. The purpose of this study is to: (1) identify the commons that need to be governed in pond aquaculture systems, and (2) identify the arising governance challenges from those commons and potential solutions. Methods We apply Elinor Ostrom’s Socio-Ecological Systems Framework (SESF) to identify variables influencing collective action through semi-structuredinterviews with relevant key informant actors in a milkfish aquaculture village in Gresik, Indonesia. Our case study approach allows for a rich description through qualitative data to understand system interactions. We interviewed 22 stakeholders including regional and local government officials, fish farmers (owners and workers), patrons and local academics. Results and discussion Our findings indicate five governance challenges influencing collective action: (1) limited access to capital and dependence on patrons, (2) lack of govern institutions, (3) continued government program failure, (4) lack of community leadership, and (5) lack of motivation and incentives to collectively act. These imply that governance policies may be more successful if monitoring mechanisms are applied to ensure that government funding is more precisely targeted at improving the livelihoods of traditional fish farmers. Furthermore, attempts to support social capital, network structures, and improve trust-reciprocity among relevant stakeholders (i.e., farmers, extension officers, private business actors) in the form of capacity building is likely more effective than other monetary incentives or the enforcement of top-down rules that don’t fit local needs.
{"title":"Governance challenges for Indonesian pond aquaculture: a case study of milkfish production in Gresik","authors":"Citra Fitrie Riany, Stefan Partelow, Ben Nagel","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2023.1254593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1254593","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction An important blind spot in current aquaculture governance research and practice is recognizing the high dependency of the sector on commons (i.e., shared resources), and their interconnectivity with other sectors such as agriculture. This is particularly evident in Indonesia where there is general lack of social and governance research on aquaculture. The purpose of this study is to: (1) identify the commons that need to be governed in pond aquaculture systems, and (2) identify the arising governance challenges from those commons and potential solutions. Methods We apply Elinor Ostrom’s Socio-Ecological Systems Framework (SESF) to identify variables influencing collective action through semi-structuredinterviews with relevant key informant actors in a milkfish aquaculture village in Gresik, Indonesia. Our case study approach allows for a rich description through qualitative data to understand system interactions. We interviewed 22 stakeholders including regional and local government officials, fish farmers (owners and workers), patrons and local academics. Results and discussion Our findings indicate five governance challenges influencing collective action: (1) limited access to capital and dependence on patrons, (2) lack of govern institutions, (3) continued government program failure, (4) lack of community leadership, and (5) lack of motivation and incentives to collectively act. These imply that governance policies may be more successful if monitoring mechanisms are applied to ensure that government funding is more precisely targeted at improving the livelihoods of traditional fish farmers. Furthermore, attempts to support social capital, network structures, and improve trust-reciprocity among relevant stakeholders (i.e., farmers, extension officers, private business actors) in the form of capacity building is likely more effective than other monetary incentives or the enforcement of top-down rules that don’t fit local needs.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135979327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2023.1225216
Héctor Nolasco-Soria
The proportion of fats or oils in natural or artificial feed is generally 6%–30%, since this is essential to cover fish’s energetic and structural requirements. Therefore, studies of the ontogeny or response of lipase activity to food treatments are widespread. A systematic review of articles published over 5 years (2016–2020) on lipase activity in fish in aquaculture was carried out; however, this was taken only as a representative example. Any 5-year period between 201-2022 would have shown similar results in terms of the actual lipase method used. As a result of this review, it was found that the methods used by the authors are very varied and have significant differences in terms of the type of substrate, substrate concentration, bile salt type and concentration, pH, temperature, incubation time, measurement of hydrolysis products, and definition of lipase units. The above does not mean that comparison of these studies is of no value, but that it is significantly limited. The most used methods (with p-nitrophenyl derivates, β-naphthyl derivates, and emulsified natural oils as substrate) can be reviewed to determine the most appropriate standard curves or the corresponding molar extinction coefficient for defining the lipase units. Standardizing current lipase analytical procedures should improve the reliability of comparative studies of aquaculture fish species.
{"title":"Fish digestive lipase quantification methods used in aquaculture studies","authors":"Héctor Nolasco-Soria","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2023.1225216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1225216","url":null,"abstract":"The proportion of fats or oils in natural or artificial feed is generally 6%–30%, since this is essential to cover fish’s energetic and structural requirements. Therefore, studies of the ontogeny or response of lipase activity to food treatments are widespread. A systematic review of articles published over 5 years (2016–2020) on lipase activity in fish in aquaculture was carried out; however, this was taken only as a representative example. Any 5-year period between 201-2022 would have shown similar results in terms of the actual lipase method used. As a result of this review, it was found that the methods used by the authors are very varied and have significant differences in terms of the type of substrate, substrate concentration, bile salt type and concentration, pH, temperature, incubation time, measurement of hydrolysis products, and definition of lipase units. The above does not mean that comparison of these studies is of no value, but that it is significantly limited. The most used methods (with p-nitrophenyl derivates, β-naphthyl derivates, and emulsified natural oils as substrate) can be reviewed to determine the most appropriate standard curves or the corresponding molar extinction coefficient for defining the lipase units. Standardizing current lipase analytical procedures should improve the reliability of comparative studies of aquaculture fish species.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83508849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2023.1219458
Hazrat Ali, B. Belton, M. M. Haque, K. Murshed-e-Jahan, Liz Ignowski
Seed production has experienced significant growth in Bangladesh over the last decade, driven by the increasing number of hatcheries. The hatchery segment plays a crucial role in the overall growth and development of aquaculture in the country. Understanding its structure, conduct and performance is essential for assessing its impact on the productivity and profitability of aquaculture farms. However, there is a limited number of methodologically rigorous studies focusing on the hatchery segment in Bangladesh. The study aimed to fill the gap in the exiting literature by conducting a methodologically analysis of the hatchery segment of aquaculture value chain in Bangladesh.This study was conducted in seven of the main aquaculture producing districts in southern Bangladesh. A comprehensive structured survey was conducted between May and August 2022 with 66 enterprises, including 42 carp+catfish, 16 tilapia, and 8 crustacean hatcheries.The major findings and their implications are as follows. (1) The number of hatcheries increased by 15% over the past decade, with a 27% increase in fish hatcheries and a 47% decrease in crustacean hatcheries. (2) Carp and tiger shrimp were the most commonly produced fish and crustacean seeds, contributing 67% and 99% of volume and 66% and 97% of sales value, respectively. (3) The hatcheries were family-owned and operated enterprise, and generated a total 2,491 full time equivalent (FTE) jobs. (4) Hatcheries used 86% of their broodstock annually and replaced them regularly for improving quality and avoiding inbreeding. (5) 18% of hatcheries reported facing diseases and/or water quality problems, but mean economic loss was only 0.71% of seed sales value, which is a low level of loss and waste. (6) Average annual net profit margin was relatively modest, averaging 54% of the gross revenue, which suggests the existence of competitive seed production and marketing. The results showed that the hatchery segment in southern Bangladesh appears to be dynamic, well developed, efficient, and relatively competitive.
{"title":"The structure, conduct, and performance of the hatchery segment of the aquaculture value chain in Bangladesh","authors":"Hazrat Ali, B. Belton, M. M. Haque, K. Murshed-e-Jahan, Liz Ignowski","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2023.1219458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1219458","url":null,"abstract":"Seed production has experienced significant growth in Bangladesh over the last decade, driven by the increasing number of hatcheries. The hatchery segment plays a crucial role in the overall growth and development of aquaculture in the country. Understanding its structure, conduct and performance is essential for assessing its impact on the productivity and profitability of aquaculture farms. However, there is a limited number of methodologically rigorous studies focusing on the hatchery segment in Bangladesh. The study aimed to fill the gap in the exiting literature by conducting a methodologically analysis of the hatchery segment of aquaculture value chain in Bangladesh.This study was conducted in seven of the main aquaculture producing districts in southern Bangladesh. A comprehensive structured survey was conducted between May and August 2022 with 66 enterprises, including 42 carp+catfish, 16 tilapia, and 8 crustacean hatcheries.The major findings and their implications are as follows. (1) The number of hatcheries increased by 15% over the past decade, with a 27% increase in fish hatcheries and a 47% decrease in crustacean hatcheries. (2) Carp and tiger shrimp were the most commonly produced fish and crustacean seeds, contributing 67% and 99% of volume and 66% and 97% of sales value, respectively. (3) The hatcheries were family-owned and operated enterprise, and generated a total 2,491 full time equivalent (FTE) jobs. (4) Hatcheries used 86% of their broodstock annually and replaced them regularly for improving quality and avoiding inbreeding. (5) 18% of hatcheries reported facing diseases and/or water quality problems, but mean economic loss was only 0.71% of seed sales value, which is a low level of loss and waste. (6) Average annual net profit margin was relatively modest, averaging 54% of the gross revenue, which suggests the existence of competitive seed production and marketing. The results showed that the hatchery segment in southern Bangladesh appears to be dynamic, well developed, efficient, and relatively competitive.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79912312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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