Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.57
Ekrem Durmaz, S. Ates
The objective of this study has been to investigate the chemical structure, thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposite films, which were produced by combining cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different ratios of boric acid (BA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix. Nanocomposites reinforced with BA had B–O–B, and B–O–C ether bonds, while the addition of PVA did not influence the chemical bonds of the films. Furthermore, the addition of BA to CNF and CNC films enhanced the thermal resistance of the films at high temperatures, but the addition of PVA declined the thermal properties of these films. Considering the mechanical properties of nanocomposite films, it was determined that adding PVA to CNF and CNC films had a positive impact, unlike BA. Consequently, it was concluded that each BA and PVA have their advantages and can be preferred for specific industrial applications.
{"title":"EFFECT OF NANOCELLULOSE TYPE AND MATRIX MATERIAL ON PRODUCTION OF NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS","authors":"Ekrem Durmaz, S. Ates","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.57","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study has been to investigate the chemical structure, thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposite films, which were produced by combining cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with different ratios of boric acid (BA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix. Nanocomposites reinforced with BA had B–O–B, and B–O–C ether bonds, while the addition of PVA did not influence the chemical bonds of the films. Furthermore, the addition of BA to CNF and CNC films enhanced the thermal resistance of the films at high temperatures, but the addition of PVA declined the thermal properties of these films. Considering the mechanical properties of nanocomposite films, it was determined that adding PVA to CNF and CNC films had a positive impact, unlike BA. Consequently, it was concluded that each BA and PVA have their advantages and can be preferred for specific industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43287244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.59
Quratulain Mohtashim, Fareha Asim, Farhana Naeem
Textile industry professionals are unanimous that there is a great need to develop environmentally sustainable methods of cotton dyeing. Among various problems related to conventional dyeing, some of the main problems consist in the large volumes of discharge effluent with a high concentration of salt and their impact on the environment. This investigation explores the use of ethanol as a solvent in the reactive dyeing of cotton fabric, to reduce the concentration of salt and the volume of water used. The dyeing process employed a 90:10 (v/v) ethanol-water mixture. Time and temperature were varied periodically to improve the degree of exhaustion, and the effects of time, temperature and salt content were studied and compared with conventional reactive dyeing. It was observed that the colour strength of solvent-assisted reactive dyeing is comparable to the conventional process. The dyed sample under the optimum condition had good wash fastness, both in terms of shade change and staining, and its dry crocking fastnesses were found similar or acceptable in comparison with the water-dyed sample. However, all the samples of the solvent-assisted reactive dyeing process have better wet crocking fastnesses compared to the conventional reactive dyeing process. The process parameters of eco-friendly reactive dyeing have been optimised using the composite desirability function. The optimal process parameters for the solvent-assisted reactive dyeing process were found to be 60 minutes of dyeing at 80 °C with 20 g/L of salt.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION INTO AN ECO-FRIENDLY REACTIVE DYEING PROCESS OF COTTON FABRICS USING AN ETHANOL-WATER MIXTURE THROUGH DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT","authors":"Quratulain Mohtashim, Fareha Asim, Farhana Naeem","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.59","url":null,"abstract":"Textile industry professionals are unanimous that there is a great need to develop environmentally sustainable methods of cotton dyeing. Among various problems related to conventional dyeing, some of the main problems consist in the large volumes of discharge effluent with a high concentration of salt and their impact on the environment. This investigation explores the use of ethanol as a solvent in the reactive dyeing of cotton fabric, to reduce the concentration of salt and the volume of water used. The dyeing process employed a 90:10 (v/v) ethanol-water mixture. Time and temperature were varied periodically to improve the degree of exhaustion, and the effects of time, temperature and salt content were studied and compared with conventional reactive dyeing. It was observed that the colour strength of solvent-assisted reactive dyeing is comparable to the conventional process. The dyed sample under the optimum condition had good wash fastness, both in terms of shade change and staining, and its dry crocking fastnesses were found similar or acceptable in comparison with the water-dyed sample. However, all the samples of the solvent-assisted reactive dyeing process have better wet crocking fastnesses compared to the conventional reactive dyeing process. The process parameters of eco-friendly reactive dyeing have been optimised using the composite desirability function. The optimal process parameters for the solvent-assisted reactive dyeing process were found to be 60 minutes of dyeing at 80 °C with 20 g/L of salt.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48244632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.43
Vinaya B. Ghodake, R. A. Khare, S. Mhaske
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a purified cellulose derivative. It is a white, highly oriented form of cellulose most commonly used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its advantageous properties of high crystallinity, large surface area, good compressibility etc. MCC is a high value added material that is widely used in pharmaceutical companies. For such applications, a large surface area of MCC is important. In this study, MCC was prepared from cellulosic fibres with a specific cross-section, i.e. trilobal, to produce trilobal microcrystalline cellulose (TMCC), which has a large surface area. This MCC is produced by a simple acid hydrolysis process. The process parameters in the production of MCC were optimised to maintain the cross-sectional shape of the fibres, even after conversion to MCC. The obtained MCC was characterized by various analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), B.E.T surface and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The cross and longitudinal morphology of the produced MCC was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study shows that strong hydrolysis conditions, such as higher temperatures of 50 to 55 °C, lead to distortion of the cross-section, while lower reaction temperatures, i.e. 25 to 30 °C, help maintain a trilobal morphology. It was also found that the thermal stability of TMCC is higher, compared to that of regular MCC. The maximum decomposition temperature of TMCC was 304 °C, while it was 270 °C for regular MCC. The crystallinity index of all MCC was in a similar range. In addition, the water retention value (WRV) of TMCC was higher than that of circular MCC, indicating effectiveness of the increased surface area. The maximum WRV for MCC and TMCC was 66 and 85%, respectively.
{"title":"A SIMPLE APPROACH TOWARDS TUNING MORPHOLOGY OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE","authors":"Vinaya B. Ghodake, R. A. Khare, S. Mhaske","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.43","url":null,"abstract":"Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a purified cellulose derivative. It is a white, highly oriented form of cellulose most commonly used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its advantageous properties of high crystallinity, large surface area, good compressibility etc. MCC is a high value added material that is widely used in pharmaceutical companies. For such applications, a large surface area of MCC is important. In this study, MCC was prepared from cellulosic fibres with a specific cross-section, i.e. trilobal, to produce trilobal microcrystalline cellulose (TMCC), which has a large surface area. This MCC is produced by a simple acid hydrolysis process. The process parameters in the production of MCC were optimised to maintain the cross-sectional shape of the fibres, even after conversion to MCC. The obtained MCC was characterized by various analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), B.E.T surface and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The cross and longitudinal morphology of the produced MCC was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study shows that strong hydrolysis conditions, such as higher temperatures of 50 to 55 °C, lead to distortion of the cross-section, while lower reaction temperatures, i.e. 25 to 30 °C, help maintain a trilobal morphology. It was also found that the thermal stability of TMCC is higher, compared to that of regular MCC. The maximum decomposition temperature of TMCC was 304 °C, while it was 270 °C for regular MCC. The crystallinity index of all MCC was in a similar range. In addition, the water retention value (WRV) of TMCC was higher than that of circular MCC, indicating effectiveness of the increased surface area. The maximum WRV for MCC and TMCC was 66 and 85%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42365560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work anticipated crystallinity-tuned silk fibroin (SFIB)-sodium alginate floating microbeads (MB) as a candidate for nevirapine (NEV) sustained release. Briefly, crystallinity tuning was accomplished using solvent annealing. The changes in structural conformation of SFIB were validated using FTIR spectroscopy. Here, the tangent baseline method revealed changes in crystallinity of floating NEV-loaded SFIB-MB. Importantly, solvent annealing offers conversion of amorphous ‘α-helix’ to crystalline ‘β-sheet’ of SFIB, helping to modify drug release from the matrix of SFIB-sodium alginate. As well, NEV-loaded SFIB-MB demonstrated good floating profile. The NEV-loaded SFIB-MB with ethanol (ETH-6) annealing for 6 hours shows 25.853% drug release at 12 hours (pH = 1.2), compared to untreated NEV-loaded SFIB-MB (65.132%, 12 hours, log p < 0.0001). The release kinetics of batch ETH-6 revealed first-order release kinetics and Fickian diffusion (n = 0.468) was found to be the drug diffusion mechanism. Therefore, crystallinity-modified floating NEV-loaded SFIB-based MB will open a new door for modified drug delivery.
本研究期望结晶调节丝素(SFIB)-海藻酸钠漂浮微珠(MB)作为奈韦拉平(NEV)缓释的候选材料。简单地说，结晶度调整是用溶剂退火完成的。利用FTIR光谱验证了SFIB结构构象的变化。在这里，切线基线法揭示了漂浮的nev负载的SFIB-MB结晶度的变化。重要的是，溶剂退火使SFIB的非晶“α-螺旋”转化为结晶“β-片”，有助于改变SFIB-海藻酸钠基质的药物释放。此外，nev加载的SFIB-MB显示出良好的浮动特性。nev负载的SFIB-MB经乙醇(ETH-6)退火6小时，在12小时(pH = 1.2)时，与未处理的nev负载SFIB-MB(65.132%， 12小时，log p < 0.0001)相比，药物释放量为25.853%。批ETH-6的释放动力学为一级释放动力学，Fickian扩散(n = 0.468)为药物扩散机制。因此，结晶修饰的漂浮nev负载sfib基MB将为修饰药物递送打开一扇新的大门。
{"title":"PREPARATION OF CRYSTALLINITY TAILORED SILK FIBROIN-SODIUM ALGINATE BASED FLOATING MICROBEADS FOR NEVIRAPINE DELIVERY","authors":"Bhupesh DIGAMBAR PATIL, Sopan NAMDEV NANGARE, Laxmikant RAMVALLABH ZAWAR","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.47","url":null,"abstract":"The present work anticipated crystallinity-tuned silk fibroin (SFIB)-sodium alginate floating microbeads (MB) as a candidate for nevirapine (NEV) sustained release. Briefly, crystallinity tuning was accomplished using solvent annealing. The changes in structural conformation of SFIB were validated using FTIR spectroscopy. Here, the tangent baseline method revealed changes in crystallinity of floating NEV-loaded SFIB-MB. Importantly, solvent annealing offers conversion of amorphous ‘α-helix’ to crystalline ‘β-sheet’ of SFIB, helping to modify drug release from the matrix of SFIB-sodium alginate. As well, NEV-loaded SFIB-MB demonstrated good floating profile. The NEV-loaded SFIB-MB with ethanol (ETH-6) annealing for 6 hours shows 25.853% drug release at 12 hours (pH = 1.2), compared to untreated NEV-loaded SFIB-MB (65.132%, 12 hours, log p < 0.0001). The release kinetics of batch ETH-6 revealed first-order release kinetics and Fickian diffusion (n = 0.468) was found to be the drug diffusion mechanism. Therefore, crystallinity-modified floating NEV-loaded SFIB-based MB will open a new door for modified drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48301353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.45
I. Stepina, Y. Zheglova, V. Semenov
In our work, using correlation analysis, we attempted to determine the effect of prior phosphorylation of the substrate with various organophosphorus compounds (OPC) of different nature on the degree of modification of the substrate with organosilicon compounds (OSC). We also tried to determine the dependence of silicon content in % by mass on the temperature and time of modification using the single-factor analysis of variance. It has been established that the pre-phosphorylation of the substrate increases the degree of its modification by the studied OSC. It is most likely due to the fact that polar OPC molecules, which have better penetrating and fixing abilities in the substrate, act as “conductors” of OSC into the substrate structure. The most effective “conductor” of OSC into the substrate, depending on modification time, can be considered tricresylphosphate (TCP) at a modification temperature of 20 degrees, because under these conditions, the correlation coefficients of OSC are higher than for other conditions of OPC processing. Dimethylphosphite (DMP) can be considered the most effective “conductor” of OSC into the substrate depending on the modification temperature because the correlation coefficients for all OSC are higher under these conditions than under other OPC processing conditions. It was found that there was a strong, direct correlation between the time of modification and the percentage of silicon content in the cellulose. The variation in the values of the calculated correlation coefficients ranged from 0.8927 to 0.9827. However, the direct correlation between the modification temperature and silicon content in cellulose in % was stronger and the scatter of correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9719 to 1.
{"title":"SILYLATION OF PHOSPHORYLATED CELLULOSE","authors":"I. Stepina, Y. Zheglova, V. Semenov","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.45","url":null,"abstract":"In our work, using correlation analysis, we attempted to determine the effect of prior phosphorylation of the substrate with various organophosphorus compounds (OPC) of different nature on the degree of modification of the substrate with organosilicon compounds (OSC). We also tried to determine the dependence of silicon content in % by mass on the temperature and time of modification using the single-factor analysis of variance. It has been established that the pre-phosphorylation of the substrate increases the degree of its modification by the studied OSC. It is most likely due to the fact that polar OPC molecules, which have better penetrating and fixing abilities in the substrate, act as “conductors” of OSC into the substrate structure. The most effective “conductor” of OSC into the substrate, depending on modification time, can be considered tricresylphosphate (TCP) at a modification temperature of 20 degrees, because under these conditions, the correlation coefficients of OSC are higher than for other conditions of OPC processing. Dimethylphosphite (DMP) can be considered the most effective “conductor” of OSC into the substrate depending on the modification temperature because the correlation coefficients for all OSC are higher under these conditions than under other OPC processing conditions. It was found that there was a strong, direct correlation between the time of modification and the percentage of silicon content in the cellulose. The variation in the values of the calculated correlation coefficients ranged from 0.8927 to 0.9827. However, the direct correlation between the modification temperature and silicon content in cellulose in % was stronger and the scatter of correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9719 to 1.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46097323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.60
W. Saadi, S. Souissi-Najar, Mariem Othman, A. Ouederni
Pomegranate peel-based activated carbon was prepared using phosphoric acid impregnation for removing copper ions from aqueous solutions. The activated carbon sample was characterized using N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, SEM, FTIR, and Boehm titration. Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of initial pH, contact time, initial ion concentration and temperature. The metal adsorption was found pH dependent, with maximum adsorption occurring at an initial pH of 5.4. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures. The Freundlich isotherm was considered to be the best model for representing Cu(II) adsorption data. The kinetic studies were analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models, with good fitting to the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption behavior of the binary solution system Cu(II)-Cd(II) showed that the adsorbent has higher selectivity towards copper ions than cadmium ions.
{"title":"COPPER ADSORPTION ONTO POMEGRANATE PEEL ACTIVATED CARBON AS A NEW ADSORBENT","authors":"W. Saadi, S. Souissi-Najar, Mariem Othman, A. Ouederni","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.60","url":null,"abstract":"Pomegranate peel-based activated carbon was prepared using phosphoric acid impregnation for removing copper ions from aqueous solutions. The activated carbon sample was characterized using N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, SEM, FTIR, and Boehm titration. Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of initial pH, contact time, initial ion concentration and temperature. The metal adsorption was found pH dependent, with maximum adsorption occurring at an initial pH of 5.4. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures. The Freundlich isotherm was considered to be the best model for representing Cu(II) adsorption data. The kinetic studies were analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models, with good fitting to the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption behavior of the binary solution system Cu(II)-Cd(II) showed that the adsorbent has higher selectivity towards copper ions than cadmium ions.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44991416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researchers are showing increasing interest in plant fiber reinforced composites due to their eco-friendliness, low density, low cost and amazing mechanical properties. However, some challenges remain for researchers in this field, most notably poor adhesion between the polymer matrix and the plant fibers, which reduces the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with these fibers. This study aims to improve the adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement by chemically treating Alfa fibers (Stipa tenacissima) with a 3 wt% NaOH solution at different times (1, 3, 5 and 24 h). FTIR, DRX, GTA and tensile tests were conducted. XRD tests showed that the crystallinity index of 3% alkali treated Alfa fibers for 5 h increased by 36.26%, compared to that of untreated fibers. The results also revealed that the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with treated fibers outperformed those reinforced with untreated fibers. These findings can contribute to the development of high mechanical performance composites, which can be competitive with those prepared with synthetic fibers.
{"title":"EFFECT OF ALKALINE TREATMENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALFA FIBER/UNSATURATED POLYESTER COMPOSITE","authors":"Melouki Azzedine, Benyahia Azzedine, Deghfel Nadir, Farsi Chouk, Laib Nouri, Lebid Mahmoud, Addour Yakout","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.55","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers are showing increasing interest in plant fiber reinforced composites due to their eco-friendliness, low density, low cost and amazing mechanical properties. However, some challenges remain for researchers in this field, most notably poor adhesion between the polymer matrix and the plant fibers, which reduces the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with these fibers. This study aims to improve the adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement by chemically treating Alfa fibers (Stipa tenacissima) with a 3 wt% NaOH solution at different times (1, 3, 5 and 24 h). FTIR, DRX, GTA and tensile tests were conducted. XRD tests showed that the crystallinity index of 3% alkali treated Alfa fibers for 5 h increased by 36.26%, compared to that of untreated fibers. The results also revealed that the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with treated fibers outperformed those reinforced with untreated fibers. These findings can contribute to the development of high mechanical performance composites, which can be competitive with those prepared with synthetic fibers.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48390378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.42
Duoqing Fu, Zheng Liu, Yinzhi Yang, Yuyang Wu, Xinwang Cao, W. Ke, Shengyu Li
As an available resource rich in cellulose, agricultural residues have attracted a lot of interest for textile and other applications. Herein, reed straw fiber was obtained from a typical agricultural waste – reed straw – by an alkali-oxygen one-bath process. The effects of the amount of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, the treatment temperature and time on the degumming rate were discussed. The optimum technological parameters of the alkali-oxygen one-bath process were found as follows: the dosage of sodium hydroxide was 35 g/L, the dosage of hydrogen peroxide – 30 mL/L, treatment temperature – 85 °C and cooking time – 2 h. Under these conditions, the degumming rate achieved was 54.30%. The prepared fiber will be considered as a promising and sustainable raw material for the textile industry and other applications.
{"title":"EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL CELLULOSE FIBERS FROM REED STRAW: MORPHOLOGICAL, MICROSTRUCTURAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES","authors":"Duoqing Fu, Zheng Liu, Yinzhi Yang, Yuyang Wu, Xinwang Cao, W. Ke, Shengyu Li","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.42","url":null,"abstract":"As an available resource rich in cellulose, agricultural residues have attracted a lot of interest for textile and other applications. Herein, reed straw fiber was obtained from a typical agricultural waste – reed straw – by an alkali-oxygen one-bath process. The effects of the amount of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, the treatment temperature and time on the degumming rate were discussed. The optimum technological parameters of the alkali-oxygen one-bath process were found as follows: the dosage of sodium hydroxide was 35 g/L, the dosage of hydrogen peroxide – 30 mL/L, treatment temperature – 85 °C and cooking time – 2 h. Under these conditions, the degumming rate achieved was 54.30%. The prepared fiber will be considered as a promising and sustainable raw material for the textile industry and other applications.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49446497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.52
Seyed Saman Vakili, F. S. Kamounah
Mg-based bacterial cellulose nanobiocomposites (Mg-BCN) were produced assisted by microwave irradiation. In this study, the effects of the concentration of starter molecules, solution pH, and microwave irradiation time (MIT) on the properties of Mg-BCN were investigated. Tensile strength, structural properties, morphology and thermal stability of the nanocomposites were evaluated. According to the obtained results, an increase in the concentration ratio of starter molecules, pH, and MIT increased the formation of MgO, in comparison with Mg(OH)2. The nanocomposites synthesized with the 1:2 and 2:1 concentration ratio of magnesium acetate to polyethylene glycol, at pH 11 and with 3 minutes of MIT, had the largest tensile strength and crystallinity. Meanwhile, the opposite results were obtained with 1:1 and 1:0 ratios, at the mentioned pH and time. According to FESEM analysis, at pH = 9, the nucleation rate decreased and smaller particles were formed. Moreover, the results showed decreased possibility of agglomeration in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). TGA results indicated that the thermal stability of all Mg-based nanocomposites is higher than that of pure cellulose. In addition, the maximum weight loss temperature in all treatments involving PEG was higher than in the case of the samples treated without PEG.
{"title":"INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF MICROWAVE IRRADIATION TIME, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL CONCENTRATION AND pH ON THE PROPERTIES OF Mg-BASED BACTERIAL CELLULOSE NANOBIOCOMPOSITE","authors":"Seyed Saman Vakili, F. S. Kamounah","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.52","url":null,"abstract":"Mg-based bacterial cellulose nanobiocomposites (Mg-BCN) were produced assisted by microwave irradiation. In this study, the effects of the concentration of starter molecules, solution pH, and microwave irradiation time (MIT) on the properties of Mg-BCN were investigated. Tensile strength, structural properties, morphology and thermal stability of the nanocomposites were evaluated. According to the obtained results, an increase in the concentration ratio of starter molecules, pH, and MIT increased the formation of MgO, in comparison with Mg(OH)2. The nanocomposites synthesized with the 1:2 and 2:1 concentration ratio of magnesium acetate to polyethylene glycol, at pH 11 and with 3 minutes of MIT, had the largest tensile strength and crystallinity. Meanwhile, the opposite results were obtained with 1:1 and 1:0 ratios, at the mentioned pH and time. According to FESEM analysis, at pH = 9, the nucleation rate decreased and smaller particles were formed. Moreover, the results showed decreased possibility of agglomeration in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). TGA results indicated that the thermal stability of all Mg-based nanocomposites is higher than that of pure cellulose. In addition, the maximum weight loss temperature in all treatments involving PEG was higher than in the case of the samples treated without PEG.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42220752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.49
S. Sonmez, Cornelius Marcello, Abdus Salam
The objective of the research has been to overcome some inherent drawbacks of hemp fiber via chemical modification, which is a vital issue in using it as a textile fiber like cotton. Hemp fiber was modified with treatment liquor (mixture of sulfurous acid and sodium hydroxide) in aqueous medium to remove lignin. The effects of the treatment liquor concentration, fiber to liquor ratio, reaction time and temperature on the percent lignin extracted from hemp fiber were studied. Modified hemp fibers (MHF) were bleached in an alkaline pH aqueous medium with hydrogen peroxide. The process significantly improved lignin removal, bleaching and color fastness. In fact, the whiteness index of bleached MHF was significantly higher than that of bleached raw hemp, but its tensile strength was slightly affected. The photo-oxidative degradation of hemp fiber was 70% lower than that of unmodified (raw) hemp fiber and almost like that of cotton yarn. The color fastness properties of dyed bleached modified hemp fiber were significantly better than those of dyed bleached unmodified hemp fiber and close to those of dyed bleached cotton yarn.
{"title":"CHEMICAL MODIFICATION FOR RESISTANCE TO PHOTO-OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION AND IMPROVED BLEACHING AND COLOR FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF HEMP FIBER","authors":"S. Sonmez, Cornelius Marcello, Abdus Salam","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.49","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research has been to overcome some inherent drawbacks of hemp fiber via chemical modification, which is a vital issue in using it as a textile fiber like cotton. Hemp fiber was modified with treatment liquor (mixture of sulfurous acid and sodium hydroxide) in aqueous medium to remove lignin. The effects of the treatment liquor concentration, fiber to liquor ratio, reaction time and temperature on the percent lignin extracted from hemp fiber were studied. Modified hemp fibers (MHF) were bleached in an alkaline pH aqueous medium with hydrogen peroxide. The process significantly improved lignin removal, bleaching and color fastness. In fact, the whiteness index of bleached MHF was significantly higher than that of bleached raw hemp, but its tensile strength was slightly affected. The photo-oxidative degradation of hemp fiber was 70% lower than that of unmodified (raw) hemp fiber and almost like that of cotton yarn. The color fastness properties of dyed bleached modified hemp fiber were significantly better than those of dyed bleached unmodified hemp fiber and close to those of dyed bleached cotton yarn.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44449710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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