Xiaomin Yang, Hai-liang Meng, Jianlin Zhang, Yao Yu, Edward Allen, Ziyang Xia, Kongyang Zhu, Panxin Du, Xiaoying Ren, Jianxue Xiong, Xiaoyu Lu, Yi Ding, Sheng Han, Wei-Ping Liu, Li Jin, Chuan‐Chao Wang, Shaoqing Wen
{"title":"Ancient Genome of Empress Ashina reveals the Northeast Asian origin of Göktürk Khanate","authors":"Xiaomin Yang, Hai-liang Meng, Jianlin Zhang, Yao Yu, Edward Allen, Ziyang Xia, Kongyang Zhu, Panxin Du, Xiaoying Ren, Jianxue Xiong, Xiaoyu Lu, Yi Ding, Sheng Han, Wei-Ping Liu, Li Jin, Chuan‐Chao Wang, Shaoqing Wen","doi":"10.1111/jse.12938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12938","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101317,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86415616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Awards of JSE Outstanding Papers (2020)","authors":"Song Ge, Jun Wen","doi":"10.1111/jse.12904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101317,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81833892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Southeast Asian rainforest region is extremely complex and biodiverse. Fossils have shown that paleo‐Antarctic rainforest lineages (PARLs) now extant in Asia tracked the ever‐wet conditions needed to survive and diversify through deep time. However, the threat of future climate change to the remaining rainforest and PARLs in Southeast Asia has yet to be evaluated to set conservation priorities. We first quantified the woody‐genus floristic relationships of Southeast Asian Island Groups by vetting and analyzing recent compilations of bioregional species data. We then evaluated the contributions to community assembly of woody fossil lineages and Island Group relationships to environmental gradients. To better understand climatic constraints of fossil lineage distributions and forecast distributions under projected future climate, we used exemplar living woody PARLs, including two angiosperms and two gymnosperms. Generalized linear models were used to project potential distributions under future climate pathways that assume no reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. The floristic analyses highlighted strong similarities among Island Groups in the ever‐wet forest areas of Malesia, where PARLs are often concentrated. Ordination outliers represented more seasonal locations. Species distribution models showed that potential future distributions of ancient lineages are constrained by increasing rainfall seasonality and higher seasonal temperatures, with significant differences among exemplar genera. Notably, potential distributions often mapped onto de facto inaccessible areas, where forest clearing and the ubiquitous marine dispersal barriers that characterize the region will drastically inhibit potential relocation. These realities gravely threaten paleo‐conservation values and contemporary rainforest community assembly processes in Southeast Asia.
{"title":"Gondwanan survivor lineages and the high‐risk biogeography of Anthropocene Southeast Asia","authors":"R. Kooyman, S. Ivory, Adam J. Benfield, P. Wilf","doi":"10.1111/jse.12853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12853","url":null,"abstract":"The Southeast Asian rainforest region is extremely complex and biodiverse. Fossils have shown that paleo‐Antarctic rainforest lineages (PARLs) now extant in Asia tracked the ever‐wet conditions needed to survive and diversify through deep time. However, the threat of future climate change to the remaining rainforest and PARLs in Southeast Asia has yet to be evaluated to set conservation priorities. We first quantified the woody‐genus floristic relationships of Southeast Asian Island Groups by vetting and analyzing recent compilations of bioregional species data. We then evaluated the contributions to community assembly of woody fossil lineages and Island Group relationships to environmental gradients. To better understand climatic constraints of fossil lineage distributions and forecast distributions under projected future climate, we used exemplar living woody PARLs, including two angiosperms and two gymnosperms. Generalized linear models were used to project potential distributions under future climate pathways that assume no reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. The floristic analyses highlighted strong similarities among Island Groups in the ever‐wet forest areas of Malesia, where PARLs are often concentrated. Ordination outliers represented more seasonal locations. Species distribution models showed that potential future distributions of ancient lineages are constrained by increasing rainfall seasonality and higher seasonal temperatures, with significant differences among exemplar genera. Notably, potential distributions often mapped onto de facto inaccessible areas, where forest clearing and the ubiquitous marine dispersal barriers that characterize the region will drastically inhibit potential relocation. These realities gravely threaten paleo‐conservation values and contemporary rainforest community assembly processes in Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":101317,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84495840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Jiang, Li Dong, Jun-bo Yang, Yun‐Hong Tan, Hong Wang, C. P. Randle, De‐Zhu Li, Wen-bin Yu
The millions of herbarium specimens in collections around the world provide historical resources for phylogenomics and evolutionary studies. Many rare and endangered species exist only as historical specimens. Here, we report a case study of the monotypic Pseudobartsia yunnanensis D. Y. Hong (=Pseudobartsia glandulosa[Bentham] W. B. Yu & D. Z. Li: Orobanchaceae) known from a single Chinese collection taken in 1940. We obtained genomic data of Pseudobartsia glandulosa using high‐throughput short‐read sequencing, and then assembled a complete chloroplast genome and nuclear ribosome DNA region in this study. We found that the newly assembled three plastid DNA regions (atpB‐rbcL, rpl16, and trnS‐G) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) of Pseudobartsia glandulosa were more than 99.98% similar to published sequences obtained by target sequencing. Phylogenies of Orobanchaceae using 30 plastomes (including 10 new plastomes), using both supermatrix and multispecies coalescent approaches following a novel plastid phylogenomic workflow, recovered seven recognized tribes and two unranked groups, both of which were proposed as new tribes, that is, Brandisieae and Pterygielleae. Within Pterygielleae, all analyses strongly supported Xizangia D. Y. Hong as the first diverging genus, with Pseudobartsia D. Y. Hong as sister to Pterygiella Oliver + Phtheirospermum Bunge (excluding Phtheirospermum japonicum [Thunberg] Kanitz); this supports reinstatement of Pseudobartsia and Xizangia. Although elements of Buchnereae‐Cymbarieae‐Orobancheae and Brandisieae‐Pterygielleae‐Rhinantheae showed incongruence among gene trees, the topology of the supermatrix tree was congruent with the majority of gene trees and functional‐group trees. Therefore, most plastid genes are evolving as a linkage group, allowing the supermatrix tree approach to yield internally consistent phylogenies for Orobanchaceae.
世界各地数以百万计的植物标本馆标本为系统基因组学和进化研究提供了历史资源。许多珍稀濒危物种仅作为历史标本存在。本文报道了一份1940年中国单一标本中发现的单型云南Pseudobartsia yunnanensis d.y. Hong (=Pseudobartsia glandulosa[Bentham] W. B. Yu & D. Z. Li: Orobanchaceae)。本研究利用高通量短读测序技术获得了腺伪巴尔氏菌的基因组数据，并组装了完整的叶绿体基因组和核糖体DNA区域。我们发现，腺伪巴尔氏菌新组装的三个质体DNA区域(atpB‐rbcL、rpl16和trnS‐G)和核糖体内转录间隔区(nrITS)与已发表的靶测序序列相似度超过99.98%。利用30个质体(包括10个新质体)，采用超基质和多物种聚结的方法，按照一种新的质体系统发育工作流程，恢复了7个已知的类群和2个未排序的类群，即Brandisieae和Pterygielleae，这两个类群都被提出为新的类群。所有分析结果均支持西藏D. Y. Hong属为第一个分化属，Pseudobartsia D. Y. Hong属为Pterygiella Oliver + Phtheirospermum Bunge(不包括Phtheirospermum japonicum [Thunberg] Kanitz)的姊妹属;这就支持了西藏和Pseudobartsia的恢复。尽管Buchnereae - cybarieae - Orobancheae和Brandisieae - Pterygielleae - Rhinantheae的基因树中元素存在不一致性，但超矩阵树的拓扑结构与大多数基因树和功能群树是一致的。因此，大多数质体基因都是作为一个连锁群进化的，这使得超矩阵树方法能够产生内部一致的Orobanchaceae系统发育。
{"title":"Herbarium phylogenomics: Resolving the generic status of the enigmatic Pseudobartsia (Orobanchaceae)","authors":"N. Jiang, Li Dong, Jun-bo Yang, Yun‐Hong Tan, Hong Wang, C. P. Randle, De‐Zhu Li, Wen-bin Yu","doi":"10.1111/jse.12829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12829","url":null,"abstract":"The millions of herbarium specimens in collections around the world provide historical resources for phylogenomics and evolutionary studies. Many rare and endangered species exist only as historical specimens. Here, we report a case study of the monotypic Pseudobartsia yunnanensis D. Y. Hong (=Pseudobartsia glandulosa[Bentham] W. B. Yu & D. Z. Li: Orobanchaceae) known from a single Chinese collection taken in 1940. We obtained genomic data of Pseudobartsia glandulosa using high‐throughput short‐read sequencing, and then assembled a complete chloroplast genome and nuclear ribosome DNA region in this study. We found that the newly assembled three plastid DNA regions (atpB‐rbcL, rpl16, and trnS‐G) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) of Pseudobartsia glandulosa were more than 99.98% similar to published sequences obtained by target sequencing. Phylogenies of Orobanchaceae using 30 plastomes (including 10 new plastomes), using both supermatrix and multispecies coalescent approaches following a novel plastid phylogenomic workflow, recovered seven recognized tribes and two unranked groups, both of which were proposed as new tribes, that is, Brandisieae and Pterygielleae. Within Pterygielleae, all analyses strongly supported Xizangia D. Y. Hong as the first diverging genus, with Pseudobartsia D. Y. Hong as sister to Pterygiella Oliver + Phtheirospermum Bunge (excluding Phtheirospermum japonicum [Thunberg] Kanitz); this supports reinstatement of Pseudobartsia and Xizangia. Although elements of Buchnereae‐Cymbarieae‐Orobancheae and Brandisieae‐Pterygielleae‐Rhinantheae showed incongruence among gene trees, the topology of the supermatrix tree was congruent with the majority of gene trees and functional‐group trees. Therefore, most plastid genes are evolving as a linkage group, allowing the supermatrix tree approach to yield internally consistent phylogenies for Orobanchaceae.","PeriodicalId":101317,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88546931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pseudocrossidium is a genus of 21 species belonging to the Pottiaceae with the highest concentration of taxa and morphological variation found in South America. To investigate the evolutionary relationships among the species of Pseudocrossidium and other members of the Pottioideae, molecular phylogenetic reconstructions, using the nuclear ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2, and the plastid atpB‐rbcL, trnG, and trnL‐F, has been performed because this genus has only been partially tested using molecular markers. Bayesian and maximum likelihood topologies show that the genus, as presently circumscribed, is polyphyletic. Consequently, the circumscription of Pseudocrossidium is amended and numerous taxonomic changes resulting from the molecular, morphological, and nomenclatural studies are proposed. The phylogenetic and morphologically divergent Pseudocrossidium mendozense is renamed as Gertrudiella mendozensis. Pseudocrossidium linearifolium and P. porphyreoneurum are representatives of the new genera Barbulastrum and Helicobarbula, respectively. Pseudocrossidium carinatum and P. santiagense are accommodated in a new genus Austrobarbula. Aloinella, nested in a paraphyletic Pseudocrossidium, is maintained at generic rank, apparently derived from Pseudocrossidium. Barbula integrifolia, B. riograndensis, and Tortula jaffuelii are transferred to Pseudocrossidium. The remaining species of Pseudocrossidium are maintained in this genus, pending further studies. Conflicts of the trees observed could be evidence of interspecific or intergeneric gene flow in various lineages in the Pottioideae.
拟十字花科(potitiaceae)有21种，是南美洲分布最广、形态变异最广的一属。为了研究Pseudocrossidium和其他Pottioideae成员之间的进化关系，使用核ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2和质体atpB‐rbcL, trnG和trnL‐F进行了分子系统发育重建，因为该属仅使用分子标记进行了部分测试。贝叶斯和最大似然拓扑学表明，目前所限定的属是多系的。因此，修正了假十字藤的界限，并提出了许多由分子、形态和命名研究引起的分类变化。在系统发育和形态上有差异的门多塞假交叉被重新命名为门多塞Gertrudiella mendozensis。Pseudocrossidium linearifolium和P. porphyreoneurum分别是barbustrum和Helicobarbula新属的代表。钩钩桃和钩钩桃归为一新属。Aloinella，嵌套在副葡萄的Pseudocrossidium中，保持在属级，显然来自Pseudocrossidium。整合Barbula integrfolia, B. riograndensis和Tortula jaffuelii被转移到Pseudocrossidium。在这个属中保留了其余的种，有待进一步的研究。所观察到的树的冲突可能是不同谱系中种间或属间基因流动的证据。
{"title":"A molecular approach to the phylogeny of the moss genus Pseudocrossidium (Pottiaceae, Bryopsida) and its taxonomic implications","authors":"M. Cano, J. A. Jiménez, M. Gallego, J. Guerra","doi":"10.1111/jse.12801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12801","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudocrossidium is a genus of 21 species belonging to the Pottiaceae with the highest concentration of taxa and morphological variation found in South America. To investigate the evolutionary relationships among the species of Pseudocrossidium and other members of the Pottioideae, molecular phylogenetic reconstructions, using the nuclear ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2, and the plastid atpB‐rbcL, trnG, and trnL‐F, has been performed because this genus has only been partially tested using molecular markers. Bayesian and maximum likelihood topologies show that the genus, as presently circumscribed, is polyphyletic. Consequently, the circumscription of Pseudocrossidium is amended and numerous taxonomic changes resulting from the molecular, morphological, and nomenclatural studies are proposed. The phylogenetic and morphologically divergent Pseudocrossidium mendozense is renamed as Gertrudiella mendozensis. Pseudocrossidium linearifolium and P. porphyreoneurum are representatives of the new genera Barbulastrum and Helicobarbula, respectively. Pseudocrossidium carinatum and P. santiagense are accommodated in a new genus Austrobarbula. Aloinella, nested in a paraphyletic Pseudocrossidium, is maintained at generic rank, apparently derived from Pseudocrossidium. Barbula integrifolia, B. riograndensis, and Tortula jaffuelii are transferred to Pseudocrossidium. The remaining species of Pseudocrossidium are maintained in this genus, pending further studies. Conflicts of the trees observed could be evidence of interspecific or intergeneric gene flow in various lineages in the Pottioideae.","PeriodicalId":101317,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82711854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have greatly improved our understanding of the classification of the large liverwort family Lejeuneaceae, the frequent incongruencies between morphology‐based taxonomy and molecular phylogeny have hindered our understanding of evolutionary diversification within the group. Here we focus on Leptolejeunea (Spruce) Steph., a pantropical epiphyllous genus in Lejeuneaceae with 40 species. Phylogenetic studies on the genus have been hampered by insufficient taxon sampling, leaving the deep phylogenetic relationships within this group unresolved. We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus to date with sampling of over 80% of species, including the enigmatic Leptolejeunea spinistipula (Mizut.) X.L.He endemic to Borneo. Based on data from three molecular markers with representatives of Leptolejeunea and its allies, Leptolejeunea appeared to be monophyletic following the exclusion of L. spinistipula and its transfer to Soella R.L.Zhu, L.Shu, Qiong He & Y.M.Wei. A total‐evidence approach was taken to resolve the backbone phylogeny of Leptolejeunea and a first infrageneric classification of Leptolejeunea, including a new subgenus and three new sections, is proposed based on integrated molecular and morphological evidence. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history showed a wide ancestral area of Leptolejeunea during the Paleogene that arose in mainland Asia, followed by an accelerated speciation rate. Across the biogeographical history of Leptolejeunea, long‐distance dispersal had profound effects on population expansion. Our findings suggest that Australasia is a source of biodiversity of Asian evergreen broad‐leaved forests that have been established since the Oligocene and rose after the early Miocene.
尽管最近的分子系统发育分析极大地提高了我们对Lejeuneaceae大型苔科植物分类的理解，但基于形态学的分类和分子系统发育之间的频繁不一致阻碍了我们对该类群内进化多样化的理解。在这里，我们关注的是Leptolejeunea(云杉)Steph。芦花科泛热带附生属，有40种。该属的系统发育研究一直受到分类单元采样不足的阻碍，使这一群体内部的深层系统发育关系悬而未决。我们提出了迄今为止该属最全面的系统发育分析，采样超过80%的物种，包括谜一样的Leptolejeunea spinistipula (Mizut)。他是婆罗洲特有的。基于3个分子标记的数据，在排除L. spinistipula并转移到Soella zhu r.l.l, shu l.l, He琼和wei ym.d之后，Leptolejeunea似乎是单系的。采用全证据方法分析了薄带绦虫的骨干系统发育，并基于分子和形态学证据，提出了薄带绦虫的第一个亚属分类，包括一个新亚属和三个新分支。对其进化史的重建表明，在古近纪时期，Leptolejeunea在亚洲大陆出现了广泛的祖先区域，随后物种形成速度加快。在Leptolejeunea的生物地理历史中，长距离传播对种群扩张有着深远的影响。我们的研究结果表明，澳大利亚是亚洲常绿阔叶林生物多样性的来源，这些森林自渐新世以来建立，在中新世早期之后兴起。
{"title":"Novel classification and biogeography of Leptolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) with implications for the origin and evolution of the Asian evergreen broad‐leaved forests","authors":"L. Shu, Xinjie Jin, R. Zhu","doi":"10.1111/jse.12798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12798","url":null,"abstract":"Although recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have greatly improved our understanding of the classification of the large liverwort family Lejeuneaceae, the frequent incongruencies between morphology‐based taxonomy and molecular phylogeny have hindered our understanding of evolutionary diversification within the group. Here we focus on Leptolejeunea (Spruce) Steph., a pantropical epiphyllous genus in Lejeuneaceae with 40 species. Phylogenetic studies on the genus have been hampered by insufficient taxon sampling, leaving the deep phylogenetic relationships within this group unresolved. We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus to date with sampling of over 80% of species, including the enigmatic Leptolejeunea spinistipula (Mizut.) X.L.He endemic to Borneo. Based on data from three molecular markers with representatives of Leptolejeunea and its allies, Leptolejeunea appeared to be monophyletic following the exclusion of L. spinistipula and its transfer to Soella R.L.Zhu, L.Shu, Qiong He & Y.M.Wei. A total‐evidence approach was taken to resolve the backbone phylogeny of Leptolejeunea and a first infrageneric classification of Leptolejeunea, including a new subgenus and three new sections, is proposed based on integrated molecular and morphological evidence. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history showed a wide ancestral area of Leptolejeunea during the Paleogene that arose in mainland Asia, followed by an accelerated speciation rate. Across the biogeographical history of Leptolejeunea, long‐distance dispersal had profound effects on population expansion. Our findings suggest that Australasia is a source of biodiversity of Asian evergreen broad‐leaved forests that have been established since the Oligocene and rose after the early Miocene.","PeriodicalId":101317,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82370690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentine Bouju, K. Feldberg, Ulla Kaasalainen, A. Schäfer‐Verwimp, L. Hedenäs, W. Buck, Bo Wang, V. Perrichot, A. Schmidt
Amber is renowned for the exceptional preservation state of its inclusions, allowing detailed morphological analysis and providing relevant environmental, palaeoecological, geographical, and geological information. Amber deposits are predominantly known from North America, Europe, and Asia, and are considered to be rare on the continents that formed Gondwana. The recent discovery of fossiliferous amber deposits in Ethiopia, therefore, provides an inimitable opportunity to close gaps in the fossil record of African terrestrial biota and to study organisms which are otherwise rare in the fossil record. Here we show that diverse cryptogams are preserved in highest fidelity in Miocene Ethiopian amber. We describe gametophyte fragments of four liverworts: Thysananthus aethiopicus sp. nov. (Porellales, Lejeuneaceae), Lejeunea abyssinicoides sp. nov. (Porellales, Lejeuneaceae), Frullania shewanensis sp. nov. (Porellales, Frullaniaceae), and Frullania palaeoafricana sp. nov. (Porellales, Frullaniaceae). Furthermore, we describe a pleurocarpous moss of the extant genus Isopterygium (Hypnales, Pylaisiadelphaceae) and a lichen representing the order Lecanorales. These new specimens represent the first amber fossils of liverworts, mosses, and lichens from the African continent and render Ethiopian amber as one of the few worldwide amber deposits preserving bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) or lichens. Fossil species of Thysananthus were recorded in Eocene Baltic and Oligocene Bitterfeld as well as Miocene Dominican and probably also Miocene Mexican ambers. Fossils that can unequivocally be assigned to Lejeunea have only been found in Dominican amber so far. Neotropical ambers contain only one taxon of Frullania to date, while the genus is most diverse in Baltic, Bitterfeld, and Rovno ambers, formed in temperate regions. The new fossils support a tropical to subtropical origin of Ethiopian amber. The new African liverwort fossils are included in an updated list of leafy liverworts described from worldwide Cenozoic ambers to date.
琥珀以其特殊的包裹体保存状态而闻名，允许详细的形态分析，并提供相关的环境，古生态，地理和地质信息。琥珀矿床主要来自北美、欧洲和亚洲，在形成冈瓦纳的大陆上被认为是罕见的。因此，最近在埃塞俄比亚发现的琥珀化石矿床提供了一个难得的机会，可以填补非洲陆地生物群化石记录中的空白，并研究化石记录中罕见的生物。在这里，我们展示了在中新世埃塞俄比亚琥珀中以最高保真度保存的各种密码游戏。我们描述了四种苔类植物的配子体片段:Thysananthus aethiopicus sp. nov (Porellales, Lejeuneaceae)、Lejeunea abyssinicoides sp. nov (Porellales, Lejeuneaceae)、Frullania shewanensis sp. nov (Porellales, Frullaniaceae)和Frullania palaeafricana sp. nov (Porellales, Frullaniaceae)。此外，我们还描述了现存的一种胸膜苔藓属的Isopterygium (Hypnales, Pylaisiadelphaceae)和一种代表Lecanorales目的地衣。这些新标本代表了来自非洲大陆的苔类、苔藓和地衣的第一批琥珀化石，并使埃塞俄比亚琥珀成为世界上保存苔藓植物(苔藓和苔类)或地衣的少数琥珀矿床之一。在始新世的波罗的海和渐新世的比特菲尔德，以及中新世的多米尼加，可能还有中新世的墨西哥琥珀中都记录了Thysananthus的化石种。到目前为止，只在多米尼加的琥珀中发现了可以明确归为Lejeunea的化石。到目前为止，新热带琥珀只包含一个Frullania分类群，而该属在波罗的海，比特菲尔德和罗夫诺琥珀中最多样化，形成于温带地区。新的化石支持埃塞俄比亚琥珀的热带到亚热带起源。新发现的非洲苔类化石被包括在一份更新的苔类名单中，这些苔类是迄今为止在全世界新生代琥珀中发现的。
{"title":"Miocene Ethiopian amber: A new source of fossil cryptogams","authors":"Valentine Bouju, K. Feldberg, Ulla Kaasalainen, A. Schäfer‐Verwimp, L. Hedenäs, W. Buck, Bo Wang, V. Perrichot, A. Schmidt","doi":"10.1111/jse.12796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12796","url":null,"abstract":"Amber is renowned for the exceptional preservation state of its inclusions, allowing detailed morphological analysis and providing relevant environmental, palaeoecological, geographical, and geological information. Amber deposits are predominantly known from North America, Europe, and Asia, and are considered to be rare on the continents that formed Gondwana. The recent discovery of fossiliferous amber deposits in Ethiopia, therefore, provides an inimitable opportunity to close gaps in the fossil record of African terrestrial biota and to study organisms which are otherwise rare in the fossil record. Here we show that diverse cryptogams are preserved in highest fidelity in Miocene Ethiopian amber. We describe gametophyte fragments of four liverworts: Thysananthus aethiopicus sp. nov. (Porellales, Lejeuneaceae), Lejeunea abyssinicoides sp. nov. (Porellales, Lejeuneaceae), Frullania shewanensis sp. nov. (Porellales, Frullaniaceae), and Frullania palaeoafricana sp. nov. (Porellales, Frullaniaceae). Furthermore, we describe a pleurocarpous moss of the extant genus Isopterygium (Hypnales, Pylaisiadelphaceae) and a lichen representing the order Lecanorales. These new specimens represent the first amber fossils of liverworts, mosses, and lichens from the African continent and render Ethiopian amber as one of the few worldwide amber deposits preserving bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) or lichens. Fossil species of Thysananthus were recorded in Eocene Baltic and Oligocene Bitterfeld as well as Miocene Dominican and probably also Miocene Mexican ambers. Fossils that can unequivocally be assigned to Lejeunea have only been found in Dominican amber so far. Neotropical ambers contain only one taxon of Frullania to date, while the genus is most diverse in Baltic, Bitterfeld, and Rovno ambers, formed in temperate regions. The new fossils support a tropical to subtropical origin of Ethiopian amber. The new African liverwort fossils are included in an updated list of leafy liverworts described from worldwide Cenozoic ambers to date.","PeriodicalId":101317,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72842909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perla Farhat, S. Siljak-Yakovlev, O. Hidalgo, K. Rushforth, J. A. Bartel, Nicolas Valentin, I. Leitch, R. P. Adams
While polyploidy (whole‐genome multiplication) is generally considered rare in extant gymnosperms (with the exception of Ephedra, Ephedraceae), the occurrence of sporadic polyploid individuals belonging to various genera in the conifer family Cupressaceae has been reported in the literature. In addition, recent studies have revealed that polyploidy is not uncommon in the genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae), with tetraploid and hexaploid individuals reported in individuals collected from wild populations. Given these findings, we undertook a comprehensive screening of ploidy levels in 32 species belonging to the four genera that are phylogenetically closest to Juniperus (i.e., Callitropsis, Hesperocyparis, Xanthocyparis, and Cupressus), referred to as the CaHXCu complex. In addition, we also determined the ploidy level of two accessions in the poorly studied tetraploid, Fitzroya cupressoides. Using flow cytometry together with published chromosome counts to assign ploidy levels, we show that all species of the CaHXCu complex are diploid except Xanthocyparis vietnamensis, which is tetraploid, with a genome size of 44.60 pg/2 C. This study opens up new opportunities for studying the impact and consequences of polyploidy on the evolution and adaptation of species in Cupressaceae.
{"title":"Polyploidy in Cupressaceae: Discovery of a new naturally occurring tetraploid, Xanthocyparis vietnamensis","authors":"Perla Farhat, S. Siljak-Yakovlev, O. Hidalgo, K. Rushforth, J. A. Bartel, Nicolas Valentin, I. Leitch, R. P. Adams","doi":"10.1111/jse.12751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12751","url":null,"abstract":"While polyploidy (whole‐genome multiplication) is generally considered rare in extant gymnosperms (with the exception of Ephedra, Ephedraceae), the occurrence of sporadic polyploid individuals belonging to various genera in the conifer family Cupressaceae has been reported in the literature. In addition, recent studies have revealed that polyploidy is not uncommon in the genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae), with tetraploid and hexaploid individuals reported in individuals collected from wild populations. Given these findings, we undertook a comprehensive screening of ploidy levels in 32 species belonging to the four genera that are phylogenetically closest to Juniperus (i.e., Callitropsis, Hesperocyparis, Xanthocyparis, and Cupressus), referred to as the CaHXCu complex. In addition, we also determined the ploidy level of two accessions in the poorly studied tetraploid, Fitzroya cupressoides. Using flow cytometry together with published chromosome counts to assign ploidy levels, we show that all species of the CaHXCu complex are diploid except Xanthocyparis vietnamensis, which is tetraploid, with a genome size of 44.60 pg/2 C. This study opens up new opportunities for studying the impact and consequences of polyploidy on the evolution and adaptation of species in Cupressaceae.","PeriodicalId":101317,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72611924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Banerjee, Haidan Wu, Wuxia Guo, W. Ng, Weixi Li, Yan Ma, Hui Feng, Ye-lin Huang
The phylogeography of coastal plant species is heavily influenced by past sealevel fluctuations, dispersal barriers, and life‐history traits, such as long‐distance dispersal ability of the propagules. Unlike the widely studied mangroves, phylogeographic patterns have remained mostly obscure for other coastal plant species. In this study, we sampled 42 populations of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb., a coastal shrub of the family Goodeniaceae, from 17 countries across its distribution range. We used five chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and 14 nuclear microsatellite (simple sequence repeat [SSR]) markers to assess the influence of abiotic factors and population genetic processes on the phylogeographic pattern of the species. Geographical distribution of cpDNA haplotypes suggests that the species originated in Australia, followed by historical dispersal and expansion of its geographic range. Multiple abiotic factors, including the sealevel changes during the Pleistocene, the presence of landmasses like the Malay Peninsula, and contemporary oceanic circulation patterns, restricted gene flow between geographically distinct populations, thereby creating low haplotype diversity and a strong population structure. Population genetic processes acted on these isolated populations, leading to high nuclear genetic diversity and population differentiation, as revealed from analyzing the polymorphic SSR loci. Although genetic divergence was mostly concordant between cpDNA and SSR data, asymmetrical gene flow and ancestral polymorphism could explain the discordance in the detailed genetic structure. Overall, our findings indicate that abiotic factors and population genetic processes interactively influenced the evolutionary history and current phylogeographic pattern of S. taccada across its distribution range.
{"title":"Deciphering the global phylogeography of a coastal shrub (Scaevola taccada) reveals the influence of multiple forces on contemporary population structure","authors":"A. Banerjee, Haidan Wu, Wuxia Guo, W. Ng, Weixi Li, Yan Ma, Hui Feng, Ye-lin Huang","doi":"10.1111/jse.12746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12746","url":null,"abstract":"The phylogeography of coastal plant species is heavily influenced by past sealevel fluctuations, dispersal barriers, and life‐history traits, such as long‐distance dispersal ability of the propagules. Unlike the widely studied mangroves, phylogeographic patterns have remained mostly obscure for other coastal plant species. In this study, we sampled 42 populations of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb., a coastal shrub of the family Goodeniaceae, from 17 countries across its distribution range. We used five chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and 14 nuclear microsatellite (simple sequence repeat [SSR]) markers to assess the influence of abiotic factors and population genetic processes on the phylogeographic pattern of the species. Geographical distribution of cpDNA haplotypes suggests that the species originated in Australia, followed by historical dispersal and expansion of its geographic range. Multiple abiotic factors, including the sealevel changes during the Pleistocene, the presence of landmasses like the Malay Peninsula, and contemporary oceanic circulation patterns, restricted gene flow between geographically distinct populations, thereby creating low haplotype diversity and a strong population structure. Population genetic processes acted on these isolated populations, leading to high nuclear genetic diversity and population differentiation, as revealed from analyzing the polymorphic SSR loci. Although genetic divergence was mostly concordant between cpDNA and SSR data, asymmetrical gene flow and ancestral polymorphism could explain the discordance in the detailed genetic structure. Overall, our findings indicate that abiotic factors and population genetic processes interactively influenced the evolutionary history and current phylogeographic pattern of S. taccada across its distribution range.","PeriodicalId":101317,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78339693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao He, Jinghua Cao, Wei Zhang, Yongqaing Li, Chao Zhang, Xiao-hong Li, G. Xia, J. Shao
An accurate understanding of species diversity is essential to studies across a wide range of biological subdisciplines. However, species delimitation remains challenging in evolutionary radiations, particularly in those herbaceous plants associated with microendemic, naturally fragmented distribution systems, where genotypic and phenotypic traits likely evolved discordantly. The Primula merrilliana complex, which is endemic to eastern China and has high horticultural value, used to be treated as one species but several clues suggested it might be composed of multiple species. Here we used multiple lines of evidence, including molecular, morphological, reproductive isolation, and geographic data, to assess independently evolving lineages within this complex. Our results indicated that the species diversity in the complex was underestimated previously, and four species (independently evolving lineages) can be recognized, including two new species described here. The extensive variation of the breeding system, especially the floral morph transition from distyled (outcrossing) to homostyled (selfing) multiple times, possibly promoted the rapid speciation within such a small geographic scale. This study case indicated that the phenomenon of genetically highly divergent but morphologically indistinguishable is perhaps shown in herbs with fragmented distributions; the alternative extreme evolutionary phenomenon, in which complete reproductive barriers have been accumulated but with little genetic differentiation, also exists. Thus we highlight the importance of incorporating other characters, such as postzygotic reproductive isolation and geographic data, with commonly used molecular and morphological traits to infer species boundaries through an integrative taxonomic approach in such systems.
{"title":"Integrative taxonomy of herbaceous plants with narrow fragmented distributions: A case study on Primula merrilliana species complex","authors":"Xiao He, Jinghua Cao, Wei Zhang, Yongqaing Li, Chao Zhang, Xiao-hong Li, G. Xia, J. Shao","doi":"10.1111/jse.12726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12726","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate understanding of species diversity is essential to studies across a wide range of biological subdisciplines. However, species delimitation remains challenging in evolutionary radiations, particularly in those herbaceous plants associated with microendemic, naturally fragmented distribution systems, where genotypic and phenotypic traits likely evolved discordantly. The Primula merrilliana complex, which is endemic to eastern China and has high horticultural value, used to be treated as one species but several clues suggested it might be composed of multiple species. Here we used multiple lines of evidence, including molecular, morphological, reproductive isolation, and geographic data, to assess independently evolving lineages within this complex. Our results indicated that the species diversity in the complex was underestimated previously, and four species (independently evolving lineages) can be recognized, including two new species described here. The extensive variation of the breeding system, especially the floral morph transition from distyled (outcrossing) to homostyled (selfing) multiple times, possibly promoted the rapid speciation within such a small geographic scale. This study case indicated that the phenomenon of genetically highly divergent but morphologically indistinguishable is perhaps shown in herbs with fragmented distributions; the alternative extreme evolutionary phenomenon, in which complete reproductive barriers have been accumulated but with little genetic differentiation, also exists. Thus we highlight the importance of incorporating other characters, such as postzygotic reproductive isolation and geographic data, with commonly used molecular and morphological traits to infer species boundaries through an integrative taxonomic approach in such systems.","PeriodicalId":101317,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88134672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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