Harefuah最新文献

Introduction: Does the Term "Myocardial Infarction" Represent its Meaning Properly?

Introduction: Malignant tumors of the eye are uncommon, yet of great importance due to their effect on the patient's life and vision. The most common primary intraocular tumors are retinoblastoma in children and uveal melanoma in adults. The most common periocular tumor is basal cell carcinoma in eyelids. Management of these tumors can be challenging. On one hand, it can be difficult to control intraocular tumors like retinoblastoma or uveal melanoma from spreading out of the eye which will decrease the chances of survival of these patients. On the other hand, in eyelid tumors that have spread into the ocular tissue, this can make it surgically non-removable. In the past decades, many new treatments, local and systemic, have emerged with the main aim of saving the patient's life, as well as saving the globe of the eye and when possible, the vision. This has improved the overall survival of these patients. In this article, we reviewed the latest advances in the treatment of these tumors in the past decade. In addition, we reviewed the advances in the management and treatment of conjunctival melanoma, a very rare but lethal malignant tumor of the eye.

Background: Proximal interphalangeal injury may result in malalignment of the phalanx axis of motion. In some instances, these fractures are treated with an external fixation method such as Suzuki-type fixation, during which the surgeon must perform X-rays to preserve the phalanx anatomical axis of motion.

Objectives: To assess the correlation between the palmar skin crease and the joint axis of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) of the fingers opposing the thumb to improve the surgeons' perioperative planning procedure. Also, we aim to ascertain whether sex, age, and handedness have affected our findings.

Methods: We performed a single-center prospective study in which information on 144 digits from 18 patients was gathered. Radiopaque stainless-steel wire was used to mark the palmar skin crease of the PIPJ and a series of X-rays were performed to assess the actual axis of the PIPJ correlating to the marked skin crease.

Results: Our study shows a positive correlation between Cobb angle finger 2 and 5 (r = .468, p < .05). Also, a positive correlation between Cobb angle finger 3 and finger 4 (r = .474, p < .05). No significant differences were found between age groups, and right and left hands. Finger 2 Cobb angle was significantly higher in females (F = 2.27, M = 1.49), p = .048.

Conclusions: The study results support the hypothesis that the palmar proximal interphalangeal skin crease is positively correlated with the joint line axis measurement from which the axis of motion is formed. Our findings show homogeneity across age and hand-sidedness.

Introduction: DON'T TOUCH BASIC SCIENCE!

Introduction: Adrenoleukodystrophy is a genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a heterogeneous phenotype. Its severe form, known as cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy, involves unpredictable cerebral damage and progressive central nervous system deterioration. This rare condition became famous because of a Hollywood movie in which the Italian parents of a child with the condition supposedly discovered a medication for treating the condition. But real life does not emulate movies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the standard of care for patients diagnosed at an early disease stage. This article describes a patient with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy diagnosed at an advanced disease stage. The literature search aimed to identify therapies to prevent further deterioration suggested autologous hematopoietic stem cell-based gene therapy and metabolic therapies. Consensus is a Chat GPT-based AI tool trained on millions of scientific publications, intended for conducting evidence-based literature searches and analyses. The case presented was used to conduct a parallel literature review using Consensus. While the generated output contained no hallucinations (a problem often seen with other large language models), the quality of the selected articles and their interpretation in the context of the specific case fell short of that achieved by experienced researchers or physicians.

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a key tool for the acceleration of scientific discovery, from accelerated drug discovery through automatic-robotic lab to the discovery of new materials that can help reduce air pollution. Israel is blessed with a unique combination of strong expertise in health and biological sciences, as well as advanced AI technologies. Hence, Israel can potentially become a leader in AI based biomedical scientific discovery. This article compares Israel's achievements in AI and in biomedical scientific discovery with the achievements of selected leading nations. It also highlights opportunities and barriers that Israel encounters in its path to becoming a world-wide leader in AI-based biomedical scientific discovery.

Introduction: Coronavirus 19 (Covid-19) emerged as a global pandemic with over 12,900 deaths in Israel alone. On average, more than 40,000 tests to detect the virus daily were performed in Israel. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the recommended methods for testing are nasopharyngeal swab, mid-turbinate, or anterior nasal swab specimen. Although these methods are generally safe, they are not without risks. Particularly, traumatic or improperly angled test may injure the skull base and lead to a cerebrospinal fluid leak. This rare condition presents with headache, unilateral nasal discharge with a metallic taste, and is aggravated when bending forward. It is essential to recognize this condition since there is an increased risk of meningitis, brain abscess, sepsis, and death. In addition, one should know how to perform nasal swab tests to avoid this complication. This paper presents a case of a five-year-old girl diagnosed with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea following a nasal swab test for Covid-19. In addition, a summary of the clinical, radiological and treatment aspects was prepared.

Introduction: Stockholm syndrome (SS) is relatively rare, but during the 'Iron Swords' war, several cases were described in which some of the hostages showed identification and empathy with their captors, which presented their families and their caregivers with diagnostic and therapeutic questions. The term SS was coined following a robbery in Stockholm in 1973, after which one of the hostages developed a relationship with the captors. From this and other cases, SS has become a cornerstone in understanding the dynamics of extreme emotional fabric: trauma woven into the survival instinct. Risk factors for SS are described: being in absolute isolation from anyone other than the captor, inability to escape/avoid the situation, receiving gestures of kindness from the captor, all while the victims are under real threat to their physical and emotional integrity. Several theories for the development of SS exist: psychoanalytic theories rely on Ferenczi's concept of "identification with the aggressor," another theory speaks of 'cognitive dissonance' describing the discomfort arising from holding contradictory beliefs and attitudes. A third theory talks about a daily situation where the victims undergo "brainwashing". The fourth theory relies on an evolutionary perspective and speaks of a survival mechanism called conciliation/surrender. This theory emphasizes the survival goal of adapting to life-threatening situations through calming the aggressor and identifying with them. We found this explanation practical and most helpful for those suffering from this syndrome and their relatives. From understanding SS as a survival behavior, the therapeutic principle also arises. The important message in meeting with the returnees is to accept their emotional stance without judgment or anger and to normalize their behavior as a known and understood phenomenon. It is important to convey and mediate to the returnees and their families that this is a survival mechanism that indicates strength and resourcefulness.

Introduction: Rehabilitation is a holistic process that addresses the impairment that causes the disability and tries to restore optimal function. The incidence of cancer has been constantly increasing in recent years and thereby, the damage to the patients' quality of life, as a result of the disease and the oncological treatments. In an attempt to improve this, a unique branch of rehabilitation has been developing in recent years, specializing in improving patients' function throughout the entire disease trajectory, from the day of diagnosis to the most advanced stages. The oncological rehabilitation model adjusts the treatment goals to the stage of the disease. First, pre-habilitative treatment to prevent the expected functional decline around the time of diagnosis. Rehabilitation attempts to restore damaged function during the treatments. As the disease progresses - compensatory mechanisms strive to improve function and provide supportive and palliative treatment for preservation and prevention of complications. The rehabilitation process can lead to a significant improvement in the quality of life of many oncology patients who face long-term consequences of the disease and its treatments. The emerging research indicates the contribution of rehabilitation, throughout all stages of the disease, to the quality of life and in some cases to extending life expectancy. Thanks to the emerging recognition among the two disciplines of care (oncology and physiatry) of the importance of quality of life alongside oncology treatments, it seems that there is a reason for optimism regarding the continued development and establishment of oncology rehabilitation.