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Introduction: Bladder cancer is categorized into invasive cancer, which pathologically infiltrates the muscle layer of the bladder, and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer that does not penetrate this layer. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is further stratified into risk groups based on the likelihood of disease recurrence and progression. High-risk non-muscle-invasive tumors typically undergo conventional treatment with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillations. However, it is anticipated that thirty to fifty percent of patients will experience treatment failure, leading to disease recurrence or progression, necessitating radical cystectomy as the subsequent therapeutic step. Extensive endeavors are underway to explore novel treatment modalities aiming to reduce the necessity for bladder removal. Diverse treatments, both systemic and local, administered directly into the bladder, have been investigated in recent years to mitigate the need for cystectomy. This review article provides an overview of current approved therapeutic options such as combined intravesical chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel, systemic therapy with pembrolizumab, intravesical therapy with nadofaragene firadenovec, and innovative investigational treatments including TAR-200 drug-releasing supplement therapy and novel viral therapy, cretostimogene grenadenorepvec.

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is very common among men over 50 years of age. Most people suffering from BPH present symptoms of lower urinary tract (LUTS) of varying degrees of severity. The surgical treatment is an important and central step in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign enlargement of the prostate. For many years, the most common surgical intervention for prostate up to 80 cc was transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and above this volume it was accepted to perform an open prostatectomy - RPP (Radical Perineal Prostatectomy) /SPP (Suprapubic Prostatectomy). In recent years, several minimally invasive methods have been developed to treat BPH. When choosing the appropriate treatment, several factors must be taken into account, including the prostate volume, the patient's medical condition, sexual function, the experience of the surgeon, and more. In this review, we examined five minimally invasive surgical approaches that have developed in recent years, while emphasizing the unique advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and highlighting the important tools in the hands of the treating urologist, alongside the traditional surgeries. This review is intended to give a broader armamentarium and a more accurate and personalized treatment for each patient. The variety of methods is suitable for the era of personalized medicine and allows the urologist to tailor treatment individually to each patient.

Introduction: Aging is a biological process that occurs in every living organism and affects all bodily systems. Many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system, are perceived as an integral part of the aging process and are even referred to as "aging-related diseases." These diseases develop over long periods of time and are typically treated only after they have already manifested or been diagnosed, primarily with medications, and they cannot be completely cured. In recent decades, a growing perspective views the mechanisms of aging themselves as a pathological process that facilitates the development of diseases. Consequently, intervening in these mechanisms may, if not prevent, at least significantly delay their progression. This raises the question: 'Should medicine regard the aging process itself as a disease and even define aging as a disease?' The answer to this question is complex, particularly given the necessity of a clearly defined and agreed-upon medical indication for any medical treatment. This article explores this issue by reviewing well-known biological mechanisms of aging, the relationship between aging and chronic diseases, the existing potential to treat aging directly, and the challenges associated with considering aging as a disease.

Introduction: A 66-year-old male developed dysphagia due to external compression of the esophagus caused by an aberrant left subclavian artery, as part of a rare congenital anomaly of a right aortic arch. This represents an incomplete vascular ring-an anatomical variant of the right aortic arch - which is typically asymptomatic but may present with swallowing difficulties in adults, as demonstrated in this case.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia syndrome is defined as chronic widespread pain associated with sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and other somatic and psychological symptoms. Psychological symptoms can include mood disorders, anxiety and depression. Physical activity can be considered a safe non-pharmacological tool to alleviate fibromyalgia's physical and psychological symptoms. Physical activity that includes aerobic exercises such as swimming, walking, and dancing, combined with strength training, flexibility training and other mind-body exercises, have been proven to alleviate pain, and improve quality of sleep, cognitive functions, mood and health-related quality of life. As a general guideline, all physical activity protocols for fibromyalgia patients should be gradual and incremental, starting with low intensity and duration, and increased gradually to avoid injuries, fatigue and drop-outs. Additionally, physical activity should be personalized according to each patient's fitness level, pain levels, physical limitations, personal preferences, goals and socio-economical barriers. It is recommended that a physical activity protocol should lapse 8-12 weeks, in order to see improvement and to instill healthy lifestyle habits. It is recommended to exercise 2-3 times per week, for 40-50 minutes in each session. A physical activity protocol should combine aerobic exercises, strength training, flexibility and mind-body exercises, such as Yoga, Pilates and Tai-chi, that involve balance, flexibility and breathing techniques.

Introduction: Steroid IV administration in coeliac attack: a case report.

Introduction: The use of robotic and semi-robotic systems in surgery was introduced back in the 1980s, and in orthopedic surgery in the 1990s, but many years passed before it became a significant part of orthopedic surgery. In recent years, robotic surgery, robotic-assisted surgery and advanced technologies have gained popularity and have been integrated as a fundamental part of orthopedic surgery. Adult limb reconstruction, Total Knee Replacement in particular, is probably the highest volume surgery performed in a robotic assisted manner in orthopedic surgery. However, advanced technologies are not limited to knee replacement surgeries. Spine surgery is the second sub-specialty in orthopedics using robotic assistance and navigation in surgery. In recent years we have seen the introduction of advanced technologies into many fields of orthopedic surgery, including foot and ankle surgery, trauma surgery and other subspecialties. In most cases the use of robotic systems is safe, but there are no prospective, long-term high quality studies that indicate a significant advantage for one of the options. There is an abundance of researchers currently investigating this topic. In this article we review the latest uses and developments of robotics and advanced technologies in orthopedic surgery.

Objectives: This study aims to identify and evaluate the treatment gaps in patients undergoing endocrine therapy for breast and prostate tumors, and to propose integrative solutions for unmet needs.

Methods: The article provides a narrative review of three significant side effects of endocrine therapy among breast and prostate cancer patients: vasomotor effects, joint pain and stiffness, and sexual disorders. It also offers treatment options for these effects from the field of complementary and integrative medicine.

Results: The adverse consequences of endocrine treatments in breast and prostate cancer patients reduce treatment compliance and significantly impair the patients' quality of life. Evidence-based complementary and integrative medicine modalities, including nutritional counseling, dietary supplements, homeopathic remedies, touch therapies, acupuncture, and mind-body treatments, may improve the patients' quality of life and alleviate the burden of side effects.

Conclusions: There is a need to improve the management of side effects unique to endocrine therapy. Integrating supportive care with complementary and integrative medicine offers a viable option to enhance the quality of life for these patients.

Background: On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern and on March 11, 2020, it declared the Corona epidemic (COVID-19). Governments around the world have adopted a series of procedures to reduce the spread of the pandemic (eg, lockdowns, social distancing and isolation) affecting over half of the world's population. The population of the mentally challenged may be among the most vulnerable populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The study is a retrospective study. The information was extracted from existing medical files of patients in the "Ziv" Medical Center Emergency Department, who applied for psychiatric help in 2016 and in 2020. The data from the source documents was collected and processed through SPSS software.

Results: Data was received for about 958 patients who applied to the psychiatric emergency room in 2016 and for 1565 patients who applied in 2020.

Conclusions: The results of the study strengthen the hypothesis that the Corona epidemic (COVID-19) had a cumulative negative effect on mental health and caused dramatic consequences for the mental health of the population. An increase was observed in the number of patient applications to the psychiatric emergency room, including repeated referrals, referrals in more unusual situations such as accompanied by violence or suicidality, as well as an increase in the number of forced hospitalizations.

Introduction: Patients with immunosuppression due to severe B cell depletion, such as those with hypogammaglobulinemia or those treated with B-cell suppressive medications, may experience prolonged replication and shedding of SARS-CoV-2. Their inability to mount a sufficient antibody response to clear the virus places them at risk for developing persistent pulmonary COVID-19 (PPC). PPC has mainly been described in case reports and case series. An awareness gap exists among physicians as to the risk factors, clinical manifestations and means of diagnosis and treatment of the disease. This article presents five cases of immunocompromised patients who received at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccination and developed PPC, which is defined by the presence of respiratory and systemic symptoms for ≥14 days, typical imaging findings, and a positive COVID-19 PCR test from a nasal swab or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The patients received convalescent plasma during hospitalization, and no adverse effects related to the plasma were documented. Three out of five patients experienced clinical improvement within a few days post-infusion, one showed gradual improvement, and the last patient required multiple doses of plasma in order to achieve a cure. In all cases, there was resolution of pulmonary opacities on imaging, along with a decrease in inflammatory markers. This case series strengthens the importance of awareness and knowledge of the syndrome, and further establishes the efficacy of treatment with convalescent plasma. Additionally, the article discusses indications for convalescent plasma in the treatment of persistent COVID-19 infection in immunosuppressed patients.