Pub Date : 2005-12-19DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560519
T. Carbino, M.R. Gassman, J. Glass, M. Rashid
This paper gives a brief history of the last 125 years of electrically propelled locomotives. It discusses the uses of DC powered motors as the mainstay of locomotive power for the first 80 years. Also talks about the technical advances that allowed for the industry to advance to a more efficient AC motor with the invention of such semiconductor devices as the diode and GTO's. Lastly it discusses the ability to magnetically levitate and propel a locomotive with maglev technology.
{"title":"A brief history and theory behind AC, DC and maglev trains and subways","authors":"T. Carbino, M.R. Gassman, J. Glass, M. Rashid","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560519","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives a brief history of the last 125 years of electrically propelled locomotives. It discusses the uses of DC powered motors as the mainstay of locomotive power for the first 80 years. Also talks about the technical advances that allowed for the industry to advance to a more efficient AC motor with the invention of such semiconductor devices as the diode and GTO's. Lastly it discusses the ability to magnetically levitate and propel a locomotive with maglev technology.","PeriodicalId":101495,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual North American Power Symposium, 2005.","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128457606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-19DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560550
Licheng Jin, Haifeng Liu, R. Kumar, J.D. Mc Calley, N. Elia, V. Ajjarapu
This paper presents a reachability based method to compute the stability region of a stable equilibrium point and uses it to design controls for transient stability of power systems. First, a Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) partial differential equation (PDF) is obtained for the propagation of the backward reachability set of a nonlinear system. This computation when used to obtain the backward reachable set of a stable equilibrium point yields its stability region. Using the stability regions of various discrete controls (also called modes) transient stability design is performed. For example the effectiveness of a control can be verified by checking whether a post-fault initial state is in the stability region of the system with that control switched on. We illustrate our method by applying it to a single-machine infinite-bus system equipped with series and shunt capacitive compensation.
{"title":"Power system transient stability design using reachability based stability-region computation","authors":"Licheng Jin, Haifeng Liu, R. Kumar, J.D. Mc Calley, N. Elia, V. Ajjarapu","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560550","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a reachability based method to compute the stability region of a stable equilibrium point and uses it to design controls for transient stability of power systems. First, a Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) partial differential equation (PDF) is obtained for the propagation of the backward reachability set of a nonlinear system. This computation when used to obtain the backward reachable set of a stable equilibrium point yields its stability region. Using the stability regions of various discrete controls (also called modes) transient stability design is performed. For example the effectiveness of a control can be verified by checking whether a post-fault initial state is in the stability region of the system with that control switched on. We illustrate our method by applying it to a single-machine infinite-bus system equipped with series and shunt capacitive compensation.","PeriodicalId":101495,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual North American Power Symposium, 2005.","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128171894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-19DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560493
A. Schellenberg, W. Rosehart, J. Aguado
This paper presents a stochastic non-linear program (S-NLP) with a confidence interval constraint. The problem extends the conventional maximum loading problem to include randomness and uncertainty in system loading levels. The problem restricts the 99% confidence interval of the loading level to be within a pre-specified amount of the mean. The paper presents solutions when the confidence interval is restricted to be within 15, 20, and 25% of the mean. The proposed solution methodology is tested using the IEEE 30 bus system and results are compared against solutions found using Monte Carlo simulations. Each of the Monte Carlo simulations consist of 10,000 samples.
{"title":"Maximum loading problems using nonlinear programming and confidence intervals","authors":"A. Schellenberg, W. Rosehart, J. Aguado","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560493","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a stochastic non-linear program (S-NLP) with a confidence interval constraint. The problem extends the conventional maximum loading problem to include randomness and uncertainty in system loading levels. The problem restricts the 99% confidence interval of the loading level to be within a pre-specified amount of the mean. The paper presents solutions when the confidence interval is restricted to be within 15, 20, and 25% of the mean. The proposed solution methodology is tested using the IEEE 30 bus system and results are compared against solutions found using Monte Carlo simulations. Each of the Monte Carlo simulations consist of 10,000 samples.","PeriodicalId":101495,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual North American Power Symposium, 2005.","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132014730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-19DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560517
B. Augdahl, H. Hess, B.K. Johnson, D. Katsis
The US Army Research Laboratory is currently studying the application of matrix converters to supply battlefield loads using variable speed diesel generators by utilizing a matrix converter to provide a bidirectional, three-phase to three-phase, direct AC to AC link between a diesel generator and load. This allows more efficient and economical operation of the diesel generators. A very brief overview of the matrix converter and standard protection strategies is presented, followed by new output protection strategies. The new output protection strategies account for the presence of the third harmonic component in the matrix converter output. Simulations are then presented to prove that the added output protection is capable of protecting a matrix converter and load when used in battlefield applications while adding increased selectivity and diagnostic capabilities.
{"title":"Output protection strategies for battlefield power supplied by matrix converters","authors":"B. Augdahl, H. Hess, B.K. Johnson, D. Katsis","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560517","url":null,"abstract":"The US Army Research Laboratory is currently studying the application of matrix converters to supply battlefield loads using variable speed diesel generators by utilizing a matrix converter to provide a bidirectional, three-phase to three-phase, direct AC to AC link between a diesel generator and load. This allows more efficient and economical operation of the diesel generators. A very brief overview of the matrix converter and standard protection strategies is presented, followed by new output protection strategies. The new output protection strategies account for the presence of the third harmonic component in the matrix converter output. Simulations are then presented to prove that the added output protection is capable of protecting a matrix converter and load when used in battlefield applications while adding increased selectivity and diagnostic capabilities.","PeriodicalId":101495,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual North American Power Symposium, 2005.","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123294274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-19DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560548
R. Yeu, W. Sauer
Different methods of calculating the post-contingency equilibrium state of a power system are presented and tested. One method utilizes a full Newton's method, and two utilize a standard commercial power flow program. These three methods are illustrated on two small test systems. The results from these simulations are then compared to a dynamic simulation using numerical integration to an equilibrium state, and conventional contingency analysis using only a standard power flow solution.
{"title":"Post-contingency equilibrium analysis techniques for power systems","authors":"R. Yeu, W. Sauer","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560548","url":null,"abstract":"Different methods of calculating the post-contingency equilibrium state of a power system are presented and tested. One method utilizes a full Newton's method, and two utilize a standard commercial power flow program. These three methods are illustrated on two small test systems. The results from these simulations are then compared to a dynamic simulation using numerical integration to an equilibrium state, and conventional contingency analysis using only a standard power flow solution.","PeriodicalId":101495,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual North American Power Symposium, 2005.","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125736198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-19DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560576
S.A. Al-Askari, S. Ranade, J. Mitra
This paper studies the design of reactive power supply of microgrids. The problem can be stated as follows: for a given microgrid, we seek an optimum allocation of reactive power sources so that adequate voltages can be maintained during grid connected operation as well as one or more topologies of islanded operation. A genetic algorithm is used to develop the optimal allocation.
{"title":"Optimal allocation of shunt capacitors placed in a microgrid operating in the islanded mode","authors":"S.A. Al-Askari, S. Ranade, J. Mitra","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560576","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the design of reactive power supply of microgrids. The problem can be stated as follows: for a given microgrid, we seek an optimum allocation of reactive power sources so that adequate voltages can be maintained during grid connected operation as well as one or more topologies of islanded operation. A genetic algorithm is used to develop the optimal allocation.","PeriodicalId":101495,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual North American Power Symposium, 2005.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116211911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-19DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560508
M. Murach, P. Nagvajara, J. Johnson, C. Nwankpa
Optimal power flow (OPF) is a performance driven application in energy management systems that is currently performed on high-performance workstations. However, general purpose processors perform poorly due to irregular data structures commonly encountered in power system analysis. We propose the use of FPGA hardware to accelerate floating point performance in the evaluation of OPF. Our results indicate that LU performance can be enhanced by 6x and overall large-scale OPF computation by at least 3x using FPGA technology over general-purpose workstations.
{"title":"Optimal power flow utilizing FPGA technology","authors":"M. Murach, P. Nagvajara, J. Johnson, C. Nwankpa","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560508","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal power flow (OPF) is a performance driven application in energy management systems that is currently performed on high-performance workstations. However, general purpose processors perform poorly due to irregular data structures commonly encountered in power system analysis. We propose the use of FPGA hardware to accelerate floating point performance in the evaluation of OPF. Our results indicate that LU performance can be enhanced by 6x and overall large-scale OPF computation by at least 3x using FPGA technology over general-purpose workstations.","PeriodicalId":101495,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual North American Power Symposium, 2005.","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132827737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-19DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560552
Haifeng Liu, Licheng Jin, J. McCalley, R. Kumar, V. Ajjarapu
Shunt and series reactive power compensation are two effective ways to increase the voltage stability margin of power systems. This paper proposes a methodology of locating switched shunt and series capacitors to endow them with the capability of being reconfigured to a secure configuration under a set of prescribed contingencies. Optimal locations of new switch controls are obtained by the forward/backward search on a graph representing discrete configuration of switches. A modified WSCC 9-bus system is adopted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Linear complexity search algorithm to locate shunt and series compensation for enhancing voltage stability","authors":"Haifeng Liu, Licheng Jin, J. McCalley, R. Kumar, V. Ajjarapu","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560552","url":null,"abstract":"Shunt and series reactive power compensation are two effective ways to increase the voltage stability margin of power systems. This paper proposes a methodology of locating switched shunt and series capacitors to endow them with the capability of being reconfigured to a secure configuration under a set of prescribed contingencies. Optimal locations of new switch controls are obtained by the forward/backward search on a graph representing discrete configuration of switches. A modified WSCC 9-bus system is adopted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":101495,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual North American Power Symposium, 2005.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114185295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-19DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560500
Kang Lin, K. Holbert
Since September 11, 2001 the security of major national infrastructures has become a critical concern to government and industry. This paper reviews different types of threats (physical and cyber) and sources of these threats in electric power systems, describes the projects undertaken by the government and industry to address the security issues of the power system infrastructure, and presents a vulnerability assessment methodology for power networks. Finally, this paper considers probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods and the challenges to PRA, and proposes the use of PRA in electric power system vulnerability assessment.
{"title":"PRA for vulnerability assessment of power system infrastructure security","authors":"Kang Lin, K. Holbert","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560500","url":null,"abstract":"Since September 11, 2001 the security of major national infrastructures has become a critical concern to government and industry. This paper reviews different types of threats (physical and cyber) and sources of these threats in electric power systems, describes the projects undertaken by the government and industry to address the security issues of the power system infrastructure, and presents a vulnerability assessment methodology for power networks. Finally, this paper considers probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods and the challenges to PRA, and proposes the use of PRA in electric power system vulnerability assessment.","PeriodicalId":101495,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual North American Power Symposium, 2005.","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114858369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-19DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560535
M. Kothari, J. Patra
This paper deals with the design of optimum static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) controllers (i.e. AC voltage regulator, DC voltage regulator and damping controller) using genetic and evolutionary algorithm (GEA). The controllers are designed with and without considering battery energy storage system (BESS). Investigations reveal that the dynamic performance of the system improves significantly with the incorporation of STATCOM damping controllers. Studies also show that incorporation of BESS further improves the damping of the system oscillations.
{"title":"Design of STATCOM controllers with energy storage system using GEA","authors":"M. Kothari, J. Patra","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2005.1560535","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the design of optimum static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) controllers (i.e. AC voltage regulator, DC voltage regulator and damping controller) using genetic and evolutionary algorithm (GEA). The controllers are designed with and without considering battery energy storage system (BESS). Investigations reveal that the dynamic performance of the system improves significantly with the incorporation of STATCOM damping controllers. Studies also show that incorporation of BESS further improves the damping of the system oscillations.","PeriodicalId":101495,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual North American Power Symposium, 2005.","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123251818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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