Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2020.02.24
I. Vozny
The article deals with the development of woodworking industry in the medieval settlements of Northern Bukovyna which for a long time remained poor studied. During the Middle Ages this territory was covered with significant forest areas, in which there were 22 local breeds of both industrial and rare trees. Accordingly, the woodworking industry here, as well as throughout the territory of Old Rus, had many branches. Being well acquainted with the technical properties of wood the local masters widely used this knowledge depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the breed. Constructing fortifications they used mainly oak and beech, for residential and commercial buildings they used pine and fir. Hardwood (maple, ash) was spread in manufacturing of dishes, while spoons were made from the yarrow, juniper. The remains of precise or carved wooden dishes were discovered in the settlements of Northern Bukovyna. Beech and oak were used in the craft. Containers were made from lime to store loose materials. Local carpenters were aware of various ways of connecting individual wooden elements to each other in a particular product or construction. When erecting dwellings or household structures in corners, the main method was to connect the locks, and when connected horizontally, direct, overhead, spit joints were widely used. At the archaeological sites of Northern Bukovyna, as the open settlements were almost not explored, considerable woodworking toolkit was discovered. It is represented as forms and fragments of blades, ax, bits, drill bits, knives, nail, etc. Their typology has wide analogies among archeological materials from other territories of the Old Rus state and is fully integrated into the generally accepted typology. Thus, materials that characterize the woodworking industry of Northern Bukovyna completely allow trace the evolution of the woodworking business, which developed in terms of economic development of Old Rus.
{"title":"WOODWORKING IN THE NORTHERN BUKOVYNA DURING 12th — EARLY 13th CENTURIES","authors":"I. Vozny","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2020.02.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.24","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the development of woodworking industry in the medieval settlements of Northern Bukovyna which for a long time remained poor studied. During the Middle Ages this territory was covered with significant forest areas, in which there were 22 local breeds of both industrial and rare trees. Accordingly, the woodworking industry here, as well as throughout the territory of Old Rus, had many branches. Being well acquainted with the technical properties of wood the local masters widely used this knowledge depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the breed. Constructing fortifications they used mainly oak and beech, for residential and commercial buildings they used pine and fir. Hardwood (maple, ash) was spread in manufacturing of dishes, while spoons were made from the yarrow, juniper. The remains of precise or carved wooden dishes were discovered in the settlements of Northern Bukovyna. Beech and oak were used in the craft. Containers were made from lime to store loose materials. Local carpenters were aware of various ways of connecting individual wooden elements to each other in a particular product or construction. When erecting dwellings or household structures in corners, the main method was to connect the locks, and when connected horizontally, direct, overhead, spit joints were widely used. At the archaeological sites of Northern Bukovyna, as the open settlements were almost not explored, considerable woodworking toolkit was discovered. It is represented as forms and fragments of blades, ax, bits, drill bits, knives, nail, etc. Their typology has wide analogies among archeological materials from other territories of the Old Rus state and is fully integrated into the generally accepted typology. Thus, materials that characterize the woodworking industry of Northern Bukovyna completely allow trace the evolution of the woodworking business, which developed in terms of economic development of Old Rus.","PeriodicalId":101512,"journal":{"name":"T.H.E. Journal","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115649649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2020.02.35
Yu. G. Pysarenko
The advantage that the traditional cattle owner (at the beginning of the ХХ century) gave to watching his animals over money that «can only be hidden in a crate» allows us to reach the following conclusions regarding the archaic perception of ownership. 1) The fact that the original «object of possession» must always be in the field of view of his master, indicates the indivisibility of I, the lack of distinction between subject and object. There is a permanent coherent visual-communion relationship (visual field) between the conditional subject and the object, which is not desirable to disrupt, say, the killing of an animal (similarly, it is not desirable to leave the visible ancestral territory of a person). The continuity of this visual connection is an important sign of belonging to a particular society. 2) Since the vision (vision) does not yet constitute the ancient person as I (the subject), then the person seems to partake of the external visible picture of a particular kind of territory. To be a member of the lineage is to be sighted and, by virtue of sight, to partake of the flock, which is also native — «one’s own». 3) All «theirs» — people, animals, possessions — are united by common vision. In a special category are the socially significant things, which are most attracted the attention of the whole society, they seem to blend with the eyes of the collective. 4) Since social connection is first and foremost visual, and each genus-territory seems to have a «vision», due to the mutual gifting of such «things-eyes», probably a connection is established — a «common vision» between different genera-territories. Obviously, this was the true meaning of the archaic doormat of M. Moss and K. Levy-Strauss. 5) Blindness (a) deprives communion, b) equals whole-non-divisiveness (= no communion). 6) Obviously, the authorities are adjusting to the generic communion — vision — distribution (sociovitality). The lord, originally a stranger, establishes a social and visual connection with the subjugated population: he gives away gifts and is paid tribute. His «bright eyes» are considered «breadwinners» and potentially belong to society. 7) The death of the «light lord», who suddenly became dark-blind, contradicted the social principle of communion-visibility (sociovitality), and therefore required the immediate robbery and distribution of his fortune-eyes (obviously folk) — the breaking of the whole-blindness.
{"title":"AT THE SOURCES OF OWNERSHIP (Historical and Anthropological Study)","authors":"Yu. G. Pysarenko","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2020.02.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.35","url":null,"abstract":"The advantage that the traditional cattle owner (at the beginning of the ХХ century) gave to watching his animals over money that «can only be hidden in a crate» allows us to reach the following conclusions regarding the archaic perception of ownership. \u00001) The fact that the original «object of possession» must always be in the field of view of his master, indicates the indivisibility of I, the lack of distinction between subject and object. There is a permanent coherent visual-communion relationship (visual field) between the conditional subject and the object, which is not desirable to disrupt, say, the killing of an animal (similarly, it is not desirable to leave the visible ancestral territory of a person). The continuity of this visual connection is an important sign of belonging to a particular society. \u00002) Since the vision (vision) does not yet constitute the ancient person as I (the subject), then the person seems to partake of the external visible picture of a particular kind of territory. To be a member of the lineage is to be sighted and, by virtue of sight, to partake of the flock, which is also native — «one’s own». \u00003) All «theirs» — people, animals, possessions — are united by common vision. In a special category are the socially significant things, which are most attracted the attention of the whole society, they seem to blend with the eyes of the collective. \u00004) Since social connection is first and foremost visual, and each genus-territory seems to have a «vision», due to the mutual gifting of such «things-eyes», probably a connection is established — a «common vision» between different genera-territories. Obviously, this was the true meaning of the archaic doormat of M. Moss and K. Levy-Strauss. \u00005) Blindness (a) deprives communion, b) equals whole-non-divisiveness (= no communion). \u00006) Obviously, the authorities are adjusting to the generic communion — vision — distribution (sociovitality). The lord, originally a stranger, establishes a social and visual connection with the subjugated population: he gives away gifts and is paid tribute. His «bright eyes» are considered «breadwinners» and potentially belong to society. \u00007) The death of the «light lord», who suddenly became dark-blind, contradicted the social principle of communion-visibility (sociovitality), and therefore required the immediate robbery and distribution of his fortune-eyes (obviously folk) — the breaking of the whole-blindness.","PeriodicalId":101512,"journal":{"name":"T.H.E. Journal","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114755476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2020.02.19
L. Chmil, V. K. Koziuba
The paper is the brief description of the Old Rus sites situated on the Lower Teteriv River banks. Still recently that area was one of the poor studied regions of the Kyiv Polissia area. According to the 19th century sources there were 2 medieval hill-forts here. 13 settlements of the 10th—13th centuries were found on the territory of Ivankiv region in the 20th century. During the last decade the authors and other researchers have inspected 15 of the 22 settlements known in that area. The most of them were discovered first. The ceramics of the 10th—13th centuries, iron slag, domestic and production artifacts (iron knife, stone spindle whorl and millstone) were found on these settlements. More than half of them (12 ones) have been found on the uplands of the Teteriv and Zdvizh floodplains that hold the promise of the medieval sites at other locations of the river valleys. The researchers of the second half of 20th century considered that settlements on the river’s valleys were seasonal sites of the metallurgists and herders. The square of the found floodplain settlements and the number and characteristics of the finds indicate the different conditions of their functioning and purposes. They can be preliminarily divided into 3 groups. The traditional settlements with permanent inhabitants belong to the first group. They are of largest sizes compared to other floodplain settlements. Another group includes so-called seasonal settlements. The population of these sites (or their part) occupied the site after high water and lived until autumnal cold weather. The both groups probably could be of production character. The sites occupying small areas (mainly about 1000 m2) with a little number of ceramics represent the third group. Perhaps they were associated with production activity on floodplains. People who were given temporary employment of shepherds or fishermen could live there. The proposed classification of the Old Rus floodplain settlements is pretty conditional because it is based on such indications and characteristics as sizes, quantity of ceramics found etc., obtained during archaeological survey. Ceramics of these sites dated both to the 10th—11th and the 12th—13th centuries that testifies to further floodplain development and appearance of the new settlements.
{"title":"THE NEW-FOUND OLD RUS SITES ON THE LOWER TETERIV RIVER BASIN","authors":"L. Chmil, V. K. Koziuba","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2020.02.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.19","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is the brief description of the Old Rus sites situated on the Lower Teteriv River banks. Still recently that area was one of the poor studied regions of the Kyiv Polissia area. According to the 19th century sources there were 2 medieval hill-forts here. 13 settlements of the 10th—13th centuries were found on the territory of Ivankiv region in the 20th century. During the last decade the authors and other researchers have inspected 15 of the 22 settlements known in that area. The most of them were discovered first. The ceramics of the 10th—13th centuries, iron slag, domestic and production artifacts (iron knife, stone spindle whorl and millstone) were found on these settlements. More than half of them (12 ones) have been found on the uplands of the Teteriv and Zdvizh floodplains that hold the promise of the medieval sites at other locations of the river valleys. The researchers of the second half of 20th century considered that settlements on the river’s valleys were seasonal sites of the metallurgists and herders. The square of the found floodplain settlements and the number and characteristics of the finds indicate the different conditions of their functioning and purposes. They can be preliminarily divided into 3 groups. The traditional settlements with permanent inhabitants belong to the first group. They are of largest sizes compared to other floodplain settlements. Another group includes so-called seasonal settlements. The population of these sites (or their part) occupied the site after high water and lived until autumnal cold weather. The both groups probably could be of production character. The sites occupying small areas (mainly about 1000 m2) with a little number of ceramics represent the third group. Perhaps they were associated with production activity on floodplains. People who were given temporary employment of shepherds or fishermen could live there. The proposed classification of the Old Rus floodplain settlements is pretty conditional because it is based on such indications and characteristics as sizes, quantity of ceramics found etc., obtained during archaeological survey. Ceramics of these sites dated both to the 10th—11th and the 12th—13th centuries that testifies to further floodplain development and appearance of the new settlements.","PeriodicalId":101512,"journal":{"name":"T.H.E. Journal","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127824631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2020.02.16
A. Bardetskyi
In 2009 during the excavations at the multi-layered settlement of Rovantsi — Hnidavska Hirka near Lutsk in the excavation area 10 the dwellings and household buildings of the Slavic period have been discovered. To the horizon of the tenth century three houses and the building with three earth ovens were attributed. The stratigraphy of the filling of this building (object 3) indicates that the earth ovens were not operating at the same time. Three successive horizons are observed in this structure. The first site was a grain pit which was discovered at the bottom of the building. This pit was covered by two rammed floors, sagged into it. The analysis of ceramics made it possible to connect one house (object 18) with the first horizon of object 3 and the other house (object 16) with the third horizon of object 3. In the ovens of these houses there were fragments of pots, glued to the fragments of pots from the corresponding horizons of object 3. This building is interpreted as the room for cooking. The horizon of the 12th — the first half of the 13th century includes the structure with two clay ovens, pit-cellar, small rectangular building and the ditch that surrounded these objects. This ditch was obviously the part of fence, and the gap in it was the pass. The complex of this ditch also includes two ground fires, located in the pass in one line with the ditch. It has been suggested that the building with large clay oven which was discovered in 2010 in a nearby excavation 12 (object 12 / Ex. 12), is the same cook room. Obviously, it reflects certain stage in development of such buildings, namely the stop of the use of fast-destroying earth ovens and the transition to the construction of large clay ovens. This is evidenced by the following facts: this building is different in shape from all other houses of the 10th century; it is located at the site of the previous building with earth oven; the oven in it had too large sizes relative to other ovens from the houses of the 10th century. The results of the excavations at Hnidavka Hirka help to reject the version that such structures were the manufactories and to consider them not «mini-factories-bakeries» but only the kitchens with one oven in each individual farm.
{"title":"SLAVIC «COOK ROOMS» FROM THE SETTLEMENT ROVANTSI — HNIDAVSKA HIRKA IN VOLYN","authors":"A. Bardetskyi","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2020.02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.16","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009 during the excavations at the multi-layered settlement of Rovantsi — Hnidavska Hirka near Lutsk in the excavation area 10 the dwellings and household buildings of the Slavic period have been discovered. To the horizon of the tenth century three houses and the building with three earth ovens were attributed. The stratigraphy of the filling of this building (object 3) indicates that the earth ovens were not operating at the same time. Three successive horizons are observed in this structure. The first site was a grain pit which was discovered at the bottom of the building. This pit was covered by two rammed floors, sagged into it. The analysis of ceramics made it possible to connect one house (object 18) with the first horizon of object 3 and the other house (object 16) with the third horizon of object 3. In the ovens of these houses there were fragments of pots, glued to the fragments of pots from the corresponding horizons of object 3. This building is interpreted as the room for cooking. The horizon of the 12th — the first half of the 13th century includes the structure with two clay ovens, pit-cellar, small rectangular building and the ditch that surrounded these objects. This ditch was obviously the part of fence, and the gap in it was the pass. The complex of this ditch also includes two ground fires, located in the pass in one line with the ditch. It has been suggested that the building with large clay oven which was discovered in 2010 in a nearby excavation 12 (object 12 / Ex. 12), is the same cook room. Obviously, it reflects certain stage in development of such buildings, namely the stop of the use of fast-destroying earth ovens and the transition to the construction of large clay ovens. This is evidenced by the following facts: this building is different in shape from all other houses of the 10th century; it is located at the site of the previous building with earth oven; the oven in it had too large sizes relative to other ovens from the houses of the 10th century. The results of the excavations at Hnidavka Hirka help to reject the version that such structures were the manufactories and to consider them not «mini-factories-bakeries» but only the kitchens with one oven in each individual farm.","PeriodicalId":101512,"journal":{"name":"T.H.E. Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123638168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2020.02.12
A. Petrauskas, S. D. Panyshko, D. S. Loshyk, I. Chornyi, A. Kuksa
Currently, the complex of the hill-fort by the meandering bend of the Bug River channel is divided into two parts: the western one where the castle is located, and the eastern one where the city is obviously placed. During the exploration the rampart of the eastern part of the fortified complex was cut by the trench. The body of rampart is stand on the ancient original surface which looked like a humus substance. It consisted of three consecutive fillings. The first is gray soil up to 0.2 m thick, the second is white sand up to 0.8 m thick, and the third, most high (up to 1.4 m) is the yellow sand that covered the previous one from inside of the rampart. The yellow sand was cut through by well visible pit at the bottom of which the bones, probably human skulls have been found. These filings contained several fragments of pots of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. From inside the rampart was covered by the powerful cultural layer that contained various finds from the fourteenth to the twentieth centuries. The original layer of humus sand was well visible under the body of rampart and worse under the cultural layer. In the original surface the materials of the 12th—13th and 15th—16th centuries were found. Particularly the hinged lock of the 15th—16th centuries found in the original layer of humus is noteworthy. The majority of partially explored objects were located on the inside of the rampart. Latest of them, the object 1 of the 19th century, was occurred in the cultural layer and the rest, objects 2—6, were found while cleaning the virgin soil at the bottom of the trench. Moreover, large objects 3—4 were located outside the rampart, under the powerful cultural layer, and small objects 5—6 — under the body of the rampart. Thus, the explored site in the area of the future rampart was virtually uninhabited in the Old Rus period and was poorly used during the 14th—15th centuries. It is ascertained that the fortifications of Lytovezh hill-fort consisted of the rampart up to 2.1 m high of artificial origin built in the late medieval period, most probably in the 16th—17th centuries.
{"title":"THE RESEARCH OF THE FORTIFICATIONS OF LYTOVEZH HILL-FORT IN VOLYN REGION","authors":"A. Petrauskas, S. D. Panyshko, D. S. Loshyk, I. Chornyi, A. Kuksa","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2020.02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.12","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the complex of the hill-fort by the meandering bend of the Bug River channel is divided into two parts: the western one where the castle is located, and the eastern one where the city is obviously placed. During the exploration the rampart of the eastern part of the fortified complex was cut by the trench. \u0000The body of rampart is stand on the ancient original surface which looked like a humus substance. It consisted of three consecutive fillings. The first is gray soil up to 0.2 m thick, the second is white sand up to 0.8 m thick, and the third, most high (up to 1.4 m) is the yellow sand that covered the previous one from inside of the rampart. The yellow sand was cut through by well visible pit at the bottom of which the bones, probably human skulls have been found. These filings contained several fragments of pots of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. \u0000From inside the rampart was covered by the powerful cultural layer that contained various finds from the fourteenth to the twentieth centuries. The original layer of humus sand was well visible under the body of rampart and worse under the cultural layer. In the original surface the materials of the 12th—13th and 15th—16th centuries were found. Particularly the hinged lock of the 15th—16th centuries found in the original layer of humus is noteworthy. \u0000The majority of partially explored objects were located on the inside of the rampart. Latest of them, the object 1 of the 19th century, was occurred in the cultural layer and the rest, objects 2—6, were found while cleaning the virgin soil at the bottom of the trench. Moreover, large objects 3—4 were located outside the rampart, under the powerful cultural layer, and small objects 5—6 — under the body of the rampart. \u0000Thus, the explored site in the area of the future rampart was virtually uninhabited in the Old Rus period and was poorly used during the 14th—15th centuries. It is ascertained that the fortifications of Lytovezh hill-fort consisted of the rampart up to 2.1 m high of artificial origin built in the late medieval period, most probably in the 16th—17th centuries.","PeriodicalId":101512,"journal":{"name":"T.H.E. Journal","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115266937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2020.02.17
І. V. Zotsenko
The material and archaeological context of the research of Architectural and Archaeological Expedition of the IA NAS of Ukraine in 2016—2017 are considered in the paper. The group of sites dating to the 11th—13th centuries is located in the southern part of Kyiv named Feofania. This archaeological complex includes the hill-fort and three settlements. The officers of the Kyiv Archaeology Department Dr. O. Manigda and V. Kryzhanovsky made the surveying of the site. The exploration in 2016—2017 is connected with the construction of residential complex on the territory of settlement 2. Due to it the large area of the settlement — 2850 m2 — was discovered and explored. During the excavations 55 archaeological sites of Old Rus time were discovered. Among them are the residential and industrial buildings, outbuildings. The latter includes the object with a complex of adobe kilns (such structures have a very few analogies). The large number of archaeological material was collected among which are the items with the city nomenclature. Paleobotanical remains are distinguished in a separate numerous category of material. The traces of two fires have been occurred at the settlement. If the second fire is related to the collapse of the settlement during the Tatar-Mongol invasion (1240), the first one dates to the end of 11th — beginning of the 12th century, and the reason of it is unknown. Summing up the previous results, it is possible to refer the settlements No. 2 to the type of settlements privately owned by representatives of the feudal class. The group settlements and the hill-fort formed the block-post controlling the way to Kyiv from the south. In addition to Medieval antiquities the number of finds and objects of the Late Bronze — Early Iron Ages, as well as three burials of the late 18th—19th centuries, which apparently related to the cemetery of Saint Panteleimon Monastery, were discovered.
{"title":"OLD RUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX «FEOFANIIA» (basing on the exploration in 2016—2017)","authors":"І. V. Zotsenko","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2020.02.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.17","url":null,"abstract":"The material and archaeological context of the research of Architectural and Archaeological Expedition of the IA NAS of Ukraine in 2016—2017 are considered in the paper. The group of sites dating to the 11th—13th centuries is located in the southern part of Kyiv named Feofania. This archaeological complex includes the hill-fort and three settlements. The officers of the Kyiv Archaeology Department Dr. O. Manigda and V. Kryzhanovsky made the surveying of the site. The exploration in 2016—2017 is connected with the construction of residential complex on the territory of settlement 2. Due to it the large area of the settlement — 2850 m2 — was discovered and explored. During the excavations 55 archaeological sites of Old Rus time were discovered. Among them are the residential and industrial buildings, outbuildings. The latter includes the object with a complex of adobe kilns (such structures have a very few analogies). The large number of archaeological material was collected among which are the items with the city nomenclature. Paleobotanical remains are distinguished in a separate numerous category of material. The traces of two fires have been occurred at the settlement. If the second fire is related to the collapse of the settlement during the Tatar-Mongol invasion (1240), the first one dates to the end of 11th — beginning of the 12th century, and the reason of it is unknown. Summing up the previous results, it is possible to refer the settlements No. 2 to the type of settlements privately owned by representatives of the feudal class. The group settlements and the hill-fort formed the block-post controlling the way to Kyiv from the south. \u0000In addition to Medieval antiquities the number of finds and objects of the Late Bronze — Early Iron Ages, as well as three burials of the late 18th—19th centuries, which apparently related to the cemetery of Saint Panteleimon Monastery, were discovered.","PeriodicalId":101512,"journal":{"name":"T.H.E. Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122797030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2020.02.11
M. V. Kvitnitskiy
For a long time the localization of Yuriev (now Bila Tserkva — the city in the Kyiv region of Ukraine) has been the subject of discussions connected to the attempts to find a stone temple. Excavations in 1980-s, made by Ruslan Orlov, have discovered the remains of the temple and put the end to debate. The temple was interpreted as a four-pillar three-apsed structure and dated to the late 12th — first half of the 13th century. Further comprehension of the materials made the authors of the study to question this interpretation. In 2011 and 2014, in connection with the idea of a museum foundation and architectural reproduction the foundations of temple were discovered. Two outbuildings of the first half of the 12th century and the first half of the 13th century have been found. The outbuilding of the 12th century contained the building materials of the 2nd half of the 11th century. In the outbuilding of the first half of the 13th century bar bricks were found. After the excavations it was cleared that the foundations were significantly damaged and the apse was completely destroyed in 2008. New finds and materials allow to suggest that here two stone buildings have been existed. The first one was built in the second half of the 11th century and completely dismantled in the first third of the 13th century. From these materials the second temple was built with the participation of the builders of the Kyiv school and Western Europe. The latter have brought new masonry techniques and materials (brick and limestone sand mortar). There are good reasons to suggest that the new temple was a five-apsed.
{"title":"STONE TEMPLES OF YURYEV: PLANNING AND STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION","authors":"M. V. Kvitnitskiy","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2020.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time the localization of Yuriev (now Bila Tserkva — the city in the Kyiv region of Ukraine) has been the subject of discussions connected to the attempts to find a stone temple. Excavations in 1980-s, made by Ruslan Orlov, have discovered the remains of the temple and put the end to debate. The temple was interpreted as a four-pillar three-apsed structure and dated to the late 12th — first half of the 13th century. Further comprehension of the materials made the authors of the study to question this interpretation. In 2011 and 2014, in connection with the idea of a museum foundation and architectural reproduction the foundations of temple were discovered. Two outbuildings of the first half of the 12th century and the first half of the 13th century have been found. The outbuilding of the 12th century contained the building materials of the 2nd half of the 11th century. In the outbuilding of the first half of the 13th century bar bricks were found. After the excavations it was cleared that the foundations were significantly damaged and the apse was completely destroyed in 2008. New finds and materials allow to suggest that here two stone buildings have been existed. The first one was built in the second half of the 11th century and completely dismantled in the first third of the 13th century. From these materials the second temple was built with the participation of the builders of the Kyiv school and Western Europe. The latter have brought new masonry techniques and materials (brick and limestone sand mortar). There are good reasons to suggest that the new temple was a five-apsed.","PeriodicalId":101512,"journal":{"name":"T.H.E. Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131424920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2020.02.10
S. Pavlenko, A. Tomashevskyi, H. V. Tsvik, S. F. Halytskyi
The city of Mychesk (Mychsk) is mentioned by the Hypatian Chronicle in the episode of the chase of Halich Prince Volodymyr Volodarovych for Prince Iziaslav Mstyslavych during his raid in 1151 to Kyiv occupied at that time by Prince Yurii Dolhorukyi. In the middle of the 19th century E. Rulikovskyi and L. Pokhilevych, having based on local legends, localized Mychesk on the territory of Mykgorod — a suburb of Radomyshl (today the part of city). The remains of the fortifications (ramparts and ditches), located on the peninsula at the influx of the Myka river into the Teteriv, were considered as the rests of Mychesk. For the first time, they were examined and described by V. Antonovych in the late 19th cent. Most of the researchers such as M. Hrushevskyi, A. Kuza, V. Misiats agreed with this version of Mychesk localization. In 1973 and 1985 M. Kuchera has made the survey on the territory of that peninsula and dug the prospect holes on the territory of Mykgorod fortifications. As a result, no artifacts and cultural layers dated to Old Rus period were found on the site or adjoining territory. The researcher considered this site to be the remains of a fortified churchyard in the Late Middle Ages. In 2009 and 2011 the additional researches of Mykgorod were made by the authors of the paper. The artifacts of Old Rus period have not been discovered. Instead of that fact, in 2011, numerous fragments of pottery dated to the middle — the second half of the 11th century and at the 12th—13th century were found in the central historical part of the modern city. Artifacts were located on the high terrace of the left bank of Myka river, in the garden of school # 3 and on the neighboring backyards. Huge cultural layer was obsereved in the prospect hole, the lower horizons of this layer are well preserved and provide the findings of ceramics dated to the middle — the second half of the 11th century. In the autumn of 2019, the authors carried out the rescue exploration on the school territory caused by construction of the school water and sewer system. In the communication trench the cultural layers, its capacity and current state of preservation were traced. The remains of three objects destroyed by modern machines were also recognized, they are dated to the Old Rus period. The ceramics dated to the 10th—18th centuries was collected. It should be noticed that in 2011 and in 2019 the fragments of plinth (a Greek brick) were found on the surface and during exploration. For the first view it can be dated to the late 11th — the first third of the 12th cent. These findings ought to show the existence of the stone church in Mychesk at the Middle Ages. Thus, the question of localization of the annalistic Mychesk consider to be fundamentally resolved. To form the complete scientific understanding of this Old Rus city we need further special historical and archeological research.
{"title":"THE RESEARCH OF THE ANNALISTIC MYCHESK","authors":"S. Pavlenko, A. Tomashevskyi, H. V. Tsvik, S. F. Halytskyi","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2020.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Mychesk (Mychsk) is mentioned by the Hypatian Chronicle in the episode of the chase of Halich Prince Volodymyr Volodarovych for Prince Iziaslav Mstyslavych during his raid in 1151 to Kyiv occupied at that time by Prince Yurii Dolhorukyi. \u0000In the middle of the 19th century E. Rulikovskyi and L. Pokhilevych, having based on local legends, localized Mychesk on the territory of Mykgorod — a suburb of Radomyshl (today the part of city). The remains of the fortifications (ramparts and ditches), located on the peninsula at the influx of the Myka river into the Teteriv, were considered as the rests of Mychesk. For the first time, they were examined and described by V. Antonovych in the late 19th cent. Most of the researchers such as M. Hrushevskyi, A. Kuza, V. Misiats agreed with this version of Mychesk localization. \u0000In 1973 and 1985 M. Kuchera has made the survey on the territory of that peninsula and dug the prospect holes on the territory of Mykgorod fortifications. As a result, no artifacts and cultural layers dated to Old Rus period were found on the site or adjoining territory. The researcher considered this site to be the remains of a fortified churchyard in the Late Middle Ages. \u0000In 2009 and 2011 the additional researches of Mykgorod were made by the authors of the paper. The artifacts of Old Rus period have not been discovered. Instead of that fact, in 2011, numerous fragments of pottery dated to the middle — the second half of the 11th century and at the 12th—13th century were found in the central historical part of the modern city. Artifacts were located on the high terrace of the left bank of Myka river, in the garden of school # 3 and on the neighboring backyards. Huge cultural layer was obsereved in the prospect hole, the lower horizons of this layer are well preserved and provide the findings of ceramics dated to the middle — the second half of the 11th century. \u0000In the autumn of 2019, the authors carried out the rescue exploration on the school territory caused by construction of the school water and sewer system. In the communication trench the cultural layers, its capacity and current state of preservation were traced. The remains of three objects destroyed by modern machines were also recognized, they are dated to the Old Rus period. The ceramics dated to the 10th—18th centuries was collected. \u0000It should be noticed that in 2011 and in 2019 the fragments of plinth (a Greek brick) were found on the surface and during exploration. For the first view it can be dated to the late 11th — the first third of the 12th cent. These findings ought to show the existence of the stone church in Mychesk at the Middle Ages. \u0000Thus, the question of localization of the annalistic Mychesk consider to be fundamentally resolved. To form the complete scientific understanding of this Old Rus city we need further special historical and archeological research.","PeriodicalId":101512,"journal":{"name":"T.H.E. Journal","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132521766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2020.02.22
V. Baranov, V. Ivakin
In 2017 the new burial ground on the right bank of Ros river between Puhachivka and Ostriv villages, in Rokytne district, Kyiv region was discovered. During 2017—2019 67 burials have been excavated there. Diverse and spectacular archaeological objects discovered during excavations — the spiral torques, cross-bow ladder fibulae of type Bliujiene V, penannular brooches with rolled terminals, poppy-head terminals, funnel-shaped terminals, star-shaped terminals and widening terminals, bracelets with zoomorphic terminals, chains, temporal-rings and rings — all these grave goods are typical to Western Baltic tribes (Old Prussians, Curonians, Skalvians). The burial assemblages with weapons compose the notable number. Buried men were equipped with axes, spears, pila. As M. Plavinsky stated using of the pillum was the feature of Baltic military-technic tradition. In generall the weapons discovered in the Ostriv burial ground points to the prevalence of infantry in that community. This allows suggest that people buried in the Ostriv burial ground were the warriors of Ros defensive line. From historical point of view archaeological finds well illustrate and prove the chronicle evidences about activity of first Kyiv princes, first of all of Volodymyr the Great and Yaroslav the Wise, directed to the strengthening of the southern borders of Kyiv Rus. The lands of Ros basin historically were the border with steppe and the Ros river was a proper, natural defensive factor, the frontier between the world of settled farmers and steppe nomads. Kyiv princes traditionally placed here their military forces, defending the capital of Rus from nomadic charges. We believe that the Ostriv burial ground could be associated with the garrison of Stari Sukholisy hill-fort consisted of Western Baltic people.
{"title":"THE GRAVES WITH WEAPONS AT THE OSTRIV BURIAL GROUND (excavations of 2017—2019)","authors":"V. Baranov, V. Ivakin","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2020.02.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.22","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017 the new burial ground on the right bank of Ros river between Puhachivka and Ostriv villages, in Rokytne district, Kyiv region was discovered. During 2017—2019 67 burials have been excavated there. Diverse and spectacular archaeological objects discovered during excavations — the spiral torques, cross-bow ladder fibulae of type Bliujiene V, penannular brooches with rolled terminals, poppy-head terminals, funnel-shaped terminals, star-shaped terminals and widening terminals, bracelets with zoomorphic terminals, chains, temporal-rings and rings — all these grave goods are typical to Western Baltic tribes (Old Prussians, Curonians, Skalvians). The burial assemblages with weapons compose the notable number. Buried men were equipped with axes, spears, pila. As M. Plavinsky stated using of the pillum was the feature of Baltic military-technic tradition. In generall the weapons discovered in the Ostriv burial ground points to the prevalence of infantry in that community. This allows suggest that people buried in the Ostriv burial ground were the warriors of Ros defensive line. \u0000From historical point of view archaeological finds well illustrate and prove the chronicle evidences about activity of first Kyiv princes, first of all of Volodymyr the Great and Yaroslav the Wise, directed to the strengthening of the southern borders of Kyiv Rus. The lands of Ros basin historically were the border with steppe and the Ros river was a proper, natural defensive factor, the frontier between the world of settled farmers and steppe nomads. Kyiv princes traditionally placed here their military forces, defending the capital of Rus from nomadic charges. We believe that the Ostriv burial ground could be associated with the garrison of Stari Sukholisy hill-fort consisted of Western Baltic people.","PeriodicalId":101512,"journal":{"name":"T.H.E. Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131936032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2020.02.34
Т. O. Rudych
The morphological similarities between the people buried in the cemeteries of Old Rus period from the territory of Ukraine and Balts population of the 12th—13th centuries were found. The samples used in this research are combined series of sculls from Volyn and drevlian’s fields, the group from Vozviagel, the little series from Jagniatyn, the group from Zelenyi Gai (barrows), and the group from Medzybizh. In the population buried in several cemeteries of the period of Old Rus the morphological complex characteristic for Baltic populations could be seen due to the ancient anthropological substrate. At the territory of Ukraine the areas of the big ethnic massifs were overlapped. North regions bordered with Baltic ethnic space or belonged to its periphery in different chronological periods. The inflow of some groups from the Baltic Sea region has been seen also during the Old Rus period. The traces of migrations of the 10th—13th centuries can be observed by the typical Baltic elements in the burial rites of the local cemeteries. The Medzybizh osteological sample turned out to be the most informative for anthropologists. Despite of the fact that all of the individuals belong to the circle of northern European people, the craniological analysis revealed some morphological heterogeneity of the people originating from paired burials. This concerned both male and female groups. For this population is characterized by the strong body structure and the high intravital body stature — 175.6 cm for male. The intergroup analysis was performed by several statistical methods for different numbers of groups (Systat software package). In course of this the skulls sample of Medzybizh paired burials was included to the Baltic massif. It reveals slightly greater statistical closeness to the population from the Zamait lands. The anthropological study showed that in the paired burials of the Medzybizh burial ground the people which had morphological similarity to the populations of the anthropological type spread in the Baltic region were buried. Some male possibly died during the armed conflict. The osteological features posed them as the probable cavalrymen. Presents of the females, who had similar morphological characteristics, in their graves, allows assuming that the wives came with warriors from the Baltic territories.
在古罗斯时期埋葬的乌克兰人与12 - 13世纪的波罗的海人之间发现了形态学上的相似性。本研究中使用的样本是来自Volyn和drevlian领域的一系列桨，来自Vozviagel的组，来自Jagniatyn的小系列，来自Zelenyi Gai (barrows)的组，以及来自Medzybizh的组。在古罗斯时期的几个墓地中埋葬的人口中，由于古代人类学的基础，可以看到波罗的海人口的形态复杂特征。在乌克兰的领土上，各大民族聚集区是重叠的。北部地区在不同时期与波罗的海民族空间接壤或属于其外围。一些来自波罗的海地区的族群在古罗斯时期也出现过。10 - 13世纪的移民痕迹可以从当地墓地的埋葬仪式中观察到典型的波罗的海元素。对人类学家来说，麦兹比什人的骨骼样本是最具信息量的。尽管所有的个体都属于北欧人的圈子，但颅骨分析显示，来自成对埋葬的人在形态上存在一些异质性。这涉及男性和女性群体。这一人群的特点是强壮的身体结构和高的生命身高-男性为175.6厘米。采用不同组数的统计学方法(Systat软件包)进行组间分析。在此过程中，麦兹比什配对墓葬的头骨样本被纳入波罗的海地块。它显示了与Zamait土地上的人口在统计上更接近。人类学研究表明，在麦兹比日人墓地的成对墓葬中，埋葬的是与波罗的海地区人类学类型人群形态相似的人。一些男性可能在武装冲突中死亡。骨骼特征表明他们可能是骑兵。在她们的坟墓中发现了具有相似形态特征的女性，可以推测这些妻子是和波罗的海地区的战士一起来的。
{"title":"BALTS ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE IN THE OLD RUS PERIOD. ANTROPOLOGICAL ASPECT","authors":"Т. O. Rudych","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2020.02.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.34","url":null,"abstract":"The morphological similarities between the people buried in the cemeteries of Old Rus period from the territory of Ukraine and Balts population of the 12th—13th centuries were found. The samples used in this research are combined series of sculls from Volyn and drevlian’s fields, the group from Vozviagel, the little series from Jagniatyn, the group from Zelenyi Gai (barrows), and the group from Medzybizh. \u0000In the population buried in several cemeteries of the period of Old Rus the morphological complex characteristic for Baltic populations could be seen due to the ancient anthropological substrate. At the territory of Ukraine the areas of the big ethnic massifs were overlapped. North regions bordered with Baltic ethnic space or belonged to its periphery in different chronological periods. The inflow of some groups from the Baltic Sea region has been seen also during the Old Rus period. The traces of migrations of the 10th—13th centuries can be observed by the typical Baltic elements in the burial rites of the local cemeteries. \u0000The Medzybizh osteological sample turned out to be the most informative for anthropologists. Despite of the fact that all of the individuals belong to the circle of northern European people, the craniological analysis revealed some morphological heterogeneity of the people originating from paired burials. This concerned both male and female groups. For this population is characterized by the strong body structure and the high intravital body stature — 175.6 cm for male. \u0000The intergroup analysis was performed by several statistical methods for different numbers of groups (Systat software package). In course of this the skulls sample of Medzybizh paired burials was included to the Baltic massif. It reveals slightly greater statistical closeness to the population from the Zamait lands. \u0000The anthropological study showed that in the paired burials of the Medzybizh burial ground the people which had morphological similarity to the populations of the anthropological type spread in the Baltic region were buried. Some male possibly died during the armed conflict. The osteological features posed them as the probable cavalrymen. Presents of the females, who had similar morphological characteristics, in their graves, allows assuming that the wives came with warriors from the Baltic territories.","PeriodicalId":101512,"journal":{"name":"T.H.E. Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114301307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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