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HOW THE BOLOGNA PROCESS HAS CHANGED THE CLASSROOM / KAKO JE BOLONJSKI PROCES IZMIJENIO UČIONICU
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.46352/23036990.2020.70
Tatjana Marjanović
The Bologna process is generally described as a joint effort of European education policy makers and universities in creating a common higher education area in Europe aimed at increased student and staff mobility, as well as overall comparability and compatibility of higher education systems across Europe. The large-scale reforms have inspired and generated volumes of academic publications from a number of perspectives, e.g. economic, legal, political, and so forth. What seems to be lacking at this point is a more practical investigation into how the Bologna process has transformed the education systems of some of its less visible member countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. More specifically, the aim is to show how the reforms have affected what goes on in the classroom by comparing select aspects of studying in both pre-and post-Bologna times at one of the country’s universities. Examples have been given of courses taught and taken at the University of Banja Luka’s English Department pre-and post-Bologna to draw a parallel between some of the coursework and examination requirements now and then.
博洛尼亚进程通常被描述为欧洲教育政策制定者和大学共同努力,在欧洲建立一个共同的高等教育区域,旨在增加学生和员工的流动性,以及整个欧洲高等教育系统的整体可比性和兼容性。大规模的改革激发并产生了大量从经济、法律、政治等多个角度的学术出版物。在这一点上,似乎缺乏的是对博洛尼亚进程如何改变其一些不太引人注目的成员国(如波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那)的教育系统进行更实际的调查。更具体地说,其目的是通过比较意大利一所大学在博洛尼亚之前和之后的学习情况,来展示改革是如何影响课堂教学的。本文列举了巴尼亚卢卡大学英语系在博洛尼亚会议之前和之后所教授和修习的课程的例子,以比较现在和那时的一些课程作业和考试要求。
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引用次数: 0
ODNOS UMA I TIJELA KOD OBOLJELIH OD ULCEROZNOG KOLITISA / THE RELATIONSHIP OF MIND AND BODY IN PATIENTS WITH ULCEROSE COLITIS
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.46352/23036990.2020.117
Aida Lalić Mehmedbašić, Sabina Alispahić
Ulcerative colitis (UK) is one of the chronic inflammatory disorders of unknown cause, affecting the gastrointestinal tract. With regard to the clinical picture, episodes of bloody-mucous diarrhea can be characterized, which may last from several days, weeks, or months, when they cease, to recur after an asymptomatic period, which may last for months or years. The aim of this study was to examine how patients cope with symptoms, what their quality of life is, and how the mind-body connection affects their symptoms and the onset of the disease. Six people were interviewed. According to the testimonies of the participants, the UK had a significant impact on reducing their quality of life, while social support from their loved ones and adequate coping style were very supportive for their healing. In addition, all participants believed that stress was the cause of their condition. Although research indicates that neuroticism, perfectionism, and alexithymia are more common in UK patients than in the general population, our participants did not consider them to have pronounced personality traits. According to the results of our research, we can conclude that the UK in many ways affects the quality of life of the sick and that the connection between mind and body, which is often at the heart of the disease, is evident.
溃疡性结肠炎(UK)是一种原因不明的慢性炎症性疾病,影响胃肠道。就临床表现而言,血黏液性腹泻的发作可具有特征,可持续数天、数周或数月,直至停止,在无症状期后复发,可持续数月或数年。这项研究的目的是研究患者如何应对症状,他们的生活质量是什么,以及身心联系如何影响他们的症状和疾病的发作。六个人接受了采访。根据参与者的证词,英国对降低他们的生活质量有很大的影响,而来自亲人的社会支持和适当的应对方式对他们的康复非常有帮助。此外,所有参与者都认为压力是导致他们病情的原因。尽管研究表明,神经质、完美主义和述情障碍在英国患者中比在普通人群中更常见,但我们的参与者并不认为他们有明显的人格特征。根据我们的研究结果,我们可以得出这样的结论:英国在许多方面影响着病人的生活质量,而精神和身体之间的联系往往是疾病的核心,这是显而易见的。
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引用次数: 0
O NASTANKU ITALIJANSKOG JEZIKA I SPECIFIČNOSTIMA ODNOSA STANDARDNI JEZIK - DIJALEKTI / ON THE ORIGIN OF THE ITALIAN LANGUAGE AND SPECIFICITIES OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE STANDARD LANGUAGE AND DIALECTS
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.46352/23036990.2020.267
Nerma Kerla
The subject of this paper is the relation of the standard Italian language to the dialects present on the territory of Italy. In the first part of the paper, we will focus on the basic concepts such as the difference between the standard language and dialects, on the prestige it has in comparison to dialects, as well as on linguistic varieties. Since the issue of language is often related to socio-historical aspects, in the second part of the paper we will look at the development of the Italian language and its role in raising awareness of national identity. We will then explain the concept of dialect and see that, specifically on Italian soil, dialectal differences can as considerable as to prevent communication within the same language. We will briefly look at some Italian dialects, such as Venetian, Sardinian and Neapolitan, and the status they enjoy. We will also mention contemporary attitudes about the use of dialects in Italy and some of the tendencies of the modernItalian language.
本文的主题是标准意大利语与意大利境内存在的方言的关系。在本文的第一部分,我们将重点介绍一些基本概念,如标准语言和方言之间的区别,它与方言相比的威望,以及语言的多样性。由于语言问题通常与社会历史方面有关,在本文的第二部分,我们将研究意大利语的发展及其在提高民族认同意识方面的作用。然后,我们将解释方言的概念,并看到,特别是在意大利的土地上,方言的差异可以相当大,阻碍在同一种语言内的交流。我们将简要介绍一些意大利方言,如威尼斯语、撒丁语和那不勒斯语,以及它们所享有的地位。我们还将提到对意大利方言使用的当代态度以及现代意大利语的一些趋势。
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引用次数: 0
URBANI PEJZAŽ U PAVESEOVOM ROMANU "MEĐU USAMLJENIM ŽENAMA" / URBAN LANDSCAPE IN PAVESE’S NOVEL "AMONG LONELY WOMEN"
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.46352/23036990.2020.209
Mirela Boloban
The description and symbolism of the city have a multiple and deep role in Pavese’s novels: the urban landscape is especially depicted through the intimate experience of the protagonists’ returning to their hometown after years spent elsewhere, and perceiving its certain aspects in an authentic way. In this paper, we will strive to recognize various ways of showing us the ambience of Turin in the novel Among Lonely Women, according to the theoretical view of Hana Wirth-Nesher and her study City Codes, Reading the Urban Novel.
城市的描述和象征在帕维塞的小说中有着多重而深刻的作用:城市景观是通过主人公在他乡生活多年后回到家乡的亲密体验来描绘的,以一种真实的方式感知城市的某些方面。本文将根据哈娜·沃斯-内舍的理论观点和她的研究《城市法典:阅读城市小说》,努力识别小说《在孤独的女人中间》中展现都灵氛围的各种方式。
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引用次数: 0
L’INSEGNAMENTO DELLA COMPETENZA PRAGMATICA / TEACHING PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE 实用技能的教学/实用技能的教学
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.46352/23036990.2020.248
Ana Lalić
This paper aims to analyze the possibility of a diachronic approach to pragmatic competence in a foreign language. The main objective of the paper is to examine the methods that were used by the authors of grammar books published before the 20th century with the goal of ascertaining to what extent it was possible to teach pragmatic competence. The main hypothesis is that methods for teaching pragmatic competence existed even before the 20th century, but that complex theories and methodologies did not. To that end we adapt the modern speech act theory as a framework for analysis of grammars for foreigners, I analyze the historical profile of the foreign language learner, and I individualize possible language needs in a diachronic perspective. The central part of the research consists of a qualitative analysis of speech acts from Casotti (1709) and of the analysis of their communicative role. The results implied by this research can further be used for research in the field of didactics – both historical and modern – and that of historical linguistics, more specifically historical pragmatics.
本文旨在分析用历时法研究外语语用能力的可能性。本文的主要目的是研究20世纪之前出版的语法书的作者所使用的方法,目的是确定在多大程度上可以教授语用能力。主要的假设是,早在20世纪之前就有了教学语用能力的方法,但复杂的理论和方法却没有。为此,我们将现代言语行为理论作为外国人语法分析的框架,分析了外语学习者的历史概况,并从历时的角度对可能的语言需求进行了个性化分析。本研究的核心部分是对Casotti(1709)的言语行为进行定性分析,并分析其交际作用。本研究的结果可以进一步用于历史和现代教学领域的研究,以及历史语言学,更具体地说是历史语用学的研究。
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引用次数: 0
PREOPTEREĆENOST UČENIKA ŠKOLSKIM OBAVEZAMA / STUDENTS OVERLOAD WITH SCHOOL DUTIES PreoptereĆenost uČenika Školskim obavezama /学生的学业负担过重
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.46352/23036990.2020.105
Sibela Zvizdić, Amela Dautbegović
School in the modern society should provide an environment for students to feel safe and motivated for learning. There should be an optimal student workload with the schoolwork as well as with the homework. Unfortunately, student overload at all levels of education has been evident. Their overloaded schedule presents a significant challenge and may cause fatigue, exhaustion, distraction, mope, high levels of stress, apathy, superficially and campaign learning, and general lack of motivation. Due to the topicality of the issue, the authors of this paper have tried to offer a review of the sources of the student overload. Different sources, as well as negative consequences of student overload have been determined based on a significant number of empirical works so far. The article also suggests measures to relieve students. Psychologists, in cooperation with the students’ parents and experts from other branches of the education sector, can contribute in finding a way to prevent and reduce consequences of the overload. Empirical studies about sources of student overload are also necessary to determine evidence based guidelines for the education reform.
现代社会的学校应该为学生提供一个有安全感和学习动力的环境。应该有一个最佳的学生工作量,包括学校作业和家庭作业。不幸的是,各级教育的学生负担过重已经很明显。他们超负荷的日程安排给他们带来了巨大的挑战,可能会导致疲劳、疲惫、注意力分散、情绪低落、压力大、冷漠、肤浅的学习和普遍缺乏动力。由于这个问题的话题性,本文的作者试图对学生超负荷的来源进行回顾。到目前为止,根据大量的实证工作,已经确定了不同的来源,以及学生超负荷的负面后果。文章还提出了减轻学生负担的措施。心理学家与学生家长和其他教育部门的专家合作,可以帮助找到预防和减少超负荷后果的方法。对学生负担来源的实证研究对于确定基于证据的教育改革指导方针也是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Svakodnevni život u Sarajevu (1850-1878.) 萨拉热窝的日常生活(1850-1878 年。)
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.46352/23036990.2020.371
Mehmed Hodžić
Book review: Younis, Hana, 2019. Svakodnevni život u Sarajevu (1850–1878).Sarajevo: Centar za osmanističke studije, str. 244.
书评:Younis, Hana, 2019. Svakodnevni život u Sarajevu (1850-1878).Sarajevo: Centar za osmanističke studije, p. 244.
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引用次数: 0
SLIKE SUVREMENOSTI: OGLEDI O ARHITEKTURI, FOTOGRAFIJI I UMJETNOSTI
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.46352/23036990.2020.366
Lamija Neimarlija
Book review: Abadžić Hodžić, Aida, 2019. Slike suvremenosti: ogledi o arhitekturi, fotografiji i umjetnosti. Sarajevo: Dobra knjiga.
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引用次数: 0
IRONIJSKI MODUS HEROJA U DRAMAMA A. P. ČEHOVA / THE IRONIC MODE OF HEROES IN PLAYS BY A. P. CHEKHOV Ironijski modus heroja u dramama . p . Čehova /契诃夫戏剧中英雄的讽刺模式
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.46352/23036990.2020.305
Merima Handanović
The aim of this paper is to investigate the model of the figure of the hero in the plays of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. In analyzing the model of the figure of the hero, four of the most significant plays by A. P. Chekhov were analyzed in consultation with the literature on the poetics of 20th century drama in order to gain a clearer understanding of how the dramatic world of characters was constructed. Specifically, the focus is on four dramas in four acts: "Three Sisters", "Ivanov", "Seagull" and "Uncle Vanya". For the sake of placing love in the key context of this work, the subject of research is not the drama "Cherry." The paper is entitled thesis on the functioning and construction of characters in dramas based on the principle of irony, and thus sets the goal of examining and proving the title thesis. In doing so, it is very interesting to deal with such a model of hero placed in dramatic situations from the perspective of A. P. Chekhov, a writer who writes his characters as a writer-analyst.
本文旨在探讨契诃夫戏剧中主人公形象的塑造模式。在分析主人公形象模式的过程中,本文结合20世纪戏剧诗学研究文献,对契诃夫最重要的四部剧作进行了分析,以期对契诃夫的戏剧世界是如何建构的有更清晰的认识。具体来说,重点是四幕四剧:《三姐妹》、《伊万诺夫》、《海鸥》和《万尼亚叔叔》。为了把爱情放在这部作品的主要背景中,研究的主题不是戏剧《樱桃》。本文的题目是《基于反讽原则的戏剧角色功能与建构论文》,以此来检验和证明题目论文。在这样做的过程中,从契诃夫的角度来处理这样一个被置于戏剧性情境中的英雄模型是非常有趣的,契诃夫是一个作家-分析者的作家。
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引用次数: 0
IZAZOVI I PRILIKE ZA USPOSTAVU I ODRŽAVANJE KULTURE POVJERENJA U ORGANIZACIJI / CHALLENGES AND CHANCES FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF THE CULTURE OF TRUST IN AN ORGANISATION
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.46352/23036990.2020.42
Mirna Marković
Establishing and maintaining the culture of trust is the foundation of the construction of a positive psychological contract between the organisation’s management and employees. Positive effects of the organisation culture that is based on values of a transparent decision-making and a consistent behaviour of management in accordance with the vision and the mission of the organisation and the needs of its employees are manifold. The higher the attachment to an organisation, the higher the satisfaction, productivity and innovation. Those are but some of the outcomes that are brought into a connection with the high level of trust in an organisation. The primary goal of this paper is to draw attention to the key arguments related to the importance of a responsible management of the processes of the establishment and maintenance of trust, as well as the justification of a conviction that trust needs time, for it is established in an accumulative and gradual manner that entails readiness to risk and to be vulnerable in the relationship. The paper emphasises that an indicator of the established culture of trust, especially important in the working environment in a transition, is the perception of the employees related to the presence of respect, consideration and honesty in the communication patterns that are used by the management of the organisation. Taking into consideration the fact that dynamics and uncertainty are two constituent features of a business environment, nowadays additionally aggravated by a relative crisis of trust an individual has towards the institution of promise, this paper especially emphasises the conclusion on the necessity of a serious consideration of the perspective of establishing, preserving or recuperating the trust in work organisations. Although the very establishment and maintenance of trust is a difficult task for every organisation, re-establishment of the lost trust is a far more difficult challenge. From the perspective of organisational psychology, a number of recommendations are offered aimed at helping organisations to construct the capacity and efficiently face the challenge of construction and preservation of the resources of trust.
信任文化的建立和维护是构建组织管理层与员工之间积极心理契约的基础。基于透明的决策和符合组织愿景和使命以及员工需求的管理行为的价值观的组织文化的积极影响是多方面的。对组织的依恋程度越高,满意度、生产力和创新能力越高。这些只是与组织中高度信任的联系所带来的一些结果。本文的主要目标是提请注意与建立和维持信任过程的负责任管理的重要性相关的关键论点,以及信任需要时间的信念的理由,因为它是以累积和渐进的方式建立的,需要准备好在关系中承担风险和脆弱。本文强调,建立信任文化的一个指标,在过渡时期的工作环境中尤其重要,是员工对组织管理层使用的沟通模式中存在的尊重、考虑和诚实的看法。考虑到动态和不确定性是商业环境的两个组成特征,如今个人对承诺制度的相对信任危机进一步加剧了这一事实,本文特别强调了在工作组织中建立、保持或恢复信任的必要性。虽然建立和维持信任对每个组织来说都是一项艰巨的任务,但重建失去的信任是一项艰巨得多的挑战。从组织心理学的角度,提出了一些建议,旨在帮助组织进行能力建设,有效地面对信任资源建设和维护的挑战。
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T.H.E. Journal
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