Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100709
Manqi Zhao , Heting Hou , Dehua He , Huimin Liu , Shaoyuan Sun , Dezheng Li , Chao Wang , Yiming Lei
Direct propane dehydrogenation (DPDH) represents a highly attractive route for on-purpose propylene production, a key building block in the petrochemical industry. In particular, among various catalytic platforms, vanadium-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their tunable properties including redox ability, surface acidity, and resistance to coking. Although the catalytic community has obtained great achievement in this area, how to promote vanadium-based catalysts towards the next step in DPDH applications like industrial-level implementations is still challenging. Moreover, there are still several controversial theories in our community, meaning it is necessary to clarify these indistinct points to pave the way for the next generation of research. Herein, the pivotal modification strategies of vanadium-based catalysts have been summarized via introducing representative works. In addition, the current unclear mechanism and research gaps, especially in the issues of deactivation and selectivity control, are also revealed so that the potential research directions are well-founded proposed. By integrating fundamental understanding and practical considerations, this review aims to inspire the further development of vanadium-based DPDH catalysts for in-depth academic research and next-generation industrial deployment.
{"title":"Vanadium-based catalysts for propane direct dehydrogenation to propylene: Modification strategies and research direction","authors":"Manqi Zhao , Heting Hou , Dehua He , Huimin Liu , Shaoyuan Sun , Dezheng Li , Chao Wang , Yiming Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct propane dehydrogenation (DPDH) represents a highly attractive route for on-purpose propylene production, a key building block in the petrochemical industry. In particular, among various catalytic platforms, vanadium-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their tunable properties including redox ability, surface acidity, and resistance to coking. Although the catalytic community has obtained great achievement in this area, how to promote vanadium-based catalysts towards the next step in DPDH applications like industrial-level implementations is still challenging. Moreover, there are still several controversial theories in our community, meaning it is necessary to clarify these indistinct points to pave the way for the next generation of research. Herein, the pivotal modification strategies of vanadium-based catalysts have been summarized via introducing representative works. In addition, the current unclear mechanism and research gaps, especially in the issues of deactivation and selectivity control, are also revealed so that the potential research directions are well-founded proposed. By integrating fundamental understanding and practical considerations, this review aims to inspire the further development of vanadium-based DPDH catalysts for in-depth academic research and next-generation industrial deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100701
Shaomin Liu , Yujuan Zhao , Shijie Li , Zaiwang Zhao
{"title":"Design hydrophobic-internal and hydrophilic-external micropores for the preparation of microporous water","authors":"Shaomin Liu , Yujuan Zhao , Shijie Li , Zaiwang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100716
Yanping Qiu , Lei Ge
{"title":"Low-coordination Cu3 motif for selective photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to ethanol","authors":"Yanping Qiu , Lei Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100716"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100703
Longhao Hu, Lingshan Gong, Wenlong Ye, Hao Chen, Xiao-Li Lai, Yingxiang Ye
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) represent an innovative category of crystalline porous materials, formed through the self-assembly of organic building blocks via intermolecular hydrogen bonds, along with supplementary interactions such as π-π stacking and van der Waals forces. The relatively weak nature of hydrogen bonding endows HOFs with remarkable structural flexibility and a wide range of functional potential. Among them, luminescent HOFs (LHOFs) not only preserve the inherent luminescent properties of their organic fluorophore components but also exhibit key features characteristic of HOF materials, including porosity, recyclability, solution processability, and exceptional biocompatibility. This review outlines the design principles of LHOFs and explores their most recent applications, such as in sensing, bioimaging, and white-light emission. Lastly, we discuss current challenges and provide an outlook on future research directions in this field.
{"title":"Luminescent hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks: From design to applications","authors":"Longhao Hu, Lingshan Gong, Wenlong Ye, Hao Chen, Xiao-Li Lai, Yingxiang Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) represent an innovative category of crystalline porous materials, formed through the self-assembly of organic building blocks via intermolecular hydrogen bonds, along with supplementary interactions such as π-π stacking and van der Waals forces. The relatively weak nature of hydrogen bonding endows HOFs with remarkable structural flexibility and a wide range of functional potential. Among them, luminescent HOFs (LHOFs) not only preserve the inherent luminescent properties of their organic fluorophore components but also exhibit key features characteristic of HOF materials, including porosity, recyclability, solution processability, and exceptional biocompatibility. This review outlines the design principles of LHOFs and explores their most recent applications, such as in sensing, bioimaging, and white-light emission. Lastly, we discuss current challenges and provide an outlook on future research directions in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100711
Xueyu Man , Guochao Li , Minghui Zhu , Shanhe Li , Gang Xu , Zhenlei Zhang , Hong Liang , Feng Yang
To effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and integrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis and multitarget therapy for orthotopic glioma, we proposed to develop a multinuclear gadolinium (Gd) complex based on apoferritin (AFt). To this end, we rationally designed and synthesized a trinuclear Gd(III) complex (Gd3) with strong T1-weighted MRI performance and remarkable cytotoxicity against glioma cells in vitro. Subsequently, we constructed an AFt-Gd3 nanoparticle (NP) delivery system. AFt-Gd3 NPs not only penetrate BBB but also provide significant T1-weighted MRI contrast for orthotopic glioma while effectively inhibiting glioma growth with minimal side effects in vivo. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism by which AFt-Gd3 NPs inhibit glioma growth: inducing apoptosis through chemodynamic therapy, blocking glutamine metabolism, and inhibiting energy metabolism.
{"title":"Development of a theranostic tri-nuclear gadolinium(III) complex based on apoferritin for multitarget therapy of orthotopic glioma","authors":"Xueyu Man , Guochao Li , Minghui Zhu , Shanhe Li , Gang Xu , Zhenlei Zhang , Hong Liang , Feng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and integrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis and multitarget therapy for orthotopic glioma, we proposed to develop a multinuclear gadolinium (Gd) complex based on apoferritin (AFt). To this end, we rationally designed and synthesized a trinuclear Gd(III) complex (<strong>Gd3</strong>) with strong T<sub>1</sub>-weighted MRI performance and remarkable cytotoxicity against glioma cells <em>in vitro</em>. Subsequently, we constructed an AFt-<strong>Gd3</strong> nanoparticle (NP) delivery system. AFt-<strong>Gd3</strong> NPs not only penetrate BBB but also provide significant T<sub>1</sub>-weighted MRI contrast for orthotopic glioma while effectively inhibiting glioma growth with minimal side effects <em>in vivo</em>. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism by which AFt-<strong>Gd3</strong> NPs inhibit glioma growth: inducing apoptosis through chemodynamic therapy, blocking glutamine metabolism, and inhibiting energy metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 11","pages":"Article 100711"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100733
Tianyang Dong , Xingyuan Wen , Xingzhi Wu , Ying Jiang , Chong Wang , Ruizhi Liu , Junyi Li , Wenfa Zhou , Yinglin Song , Xiaofeng Shi , Rui Wen , Chunru Wang , Li Jiang , Chunli Bai
In this paper, the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of covalent organic framework (COF) materials with conjugated amphoteric ion structure are studied for the first time. A highly ordered crystalline ultrathin films of the ionic COF material PySQ-iCOF was successfully fabricated using a solid-liquid interface method, meanwhile the building units extracted to be independent small molecule, 1-PySA, were synthesized for comparative studies. Compared to 1-PySA, PySQ-iCOF possesses not only a larger conjugated system but also exhibits enhanced polarization and charge transfer capabilities. The NLO properties of PySQ-iCOF and the small molecule 1-PySA were investigated using Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 532 nm, revealing the PySQ-iCOF thin film exhibits outstanding NLO performance. Specifically, it demonstrates saturable absorption under nanosecond (ns) pulse laser irradiation (β = −9.59 × 10−6 m/W), while exhibiting reverse saturable absorption under femtosecond (fs) pulse conditions (β = 6.91 × 10−8 m/W). Furthermore, the PySQ-iCOF film exhibits strong negative refractive nonlinearity, −6 × 10−12 m2/W for ns and −3.8 × 10−13 m2/W for fs, respectively. Transient absorption spectroscopy studies indicate that the pulse-width-dependent nonlinear absorption characteristics of the PySQ-iCOF film originate from the generation of triplet excited states. Both nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index of the PySQ-iCOF film surpass those of most reported organic materials measured under comparable conditions, which provides huge potential in all-optical manipulating and switching at the nanoscale as outstanding NLO materials.
{"title":"Ionic covalent organic frameworks enable laser-pulse-duration-dependent high third-order nonlinear optical responses","authors":"Tianyang Dong , Xingyuan Wen , Xingzhi Wu , Ying Jiang , Chong Wang , Ruizhi Liu , Junyi Li , Wenfa Zhou , Yinglin Song , Xiaofeng Shi , Rui Wen , Chunru Wang , Li Jiang , Chunli Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of covalent organic framework (COF) materials with conjugated amphoteric ion structure are studied for the first time. A highly ordered crystalline ultrathin films of the ionic COF material PySQ-iCOF was successfully fabricated using a solid-liquid interface method, meanwhile the building units extracted to be independent small molecule, 1-PySA, were synthesized for comparative studies. Compared to 1-PySA, PySQ-iCOF possesses not only a larger conjugated system but also exhibits enhanced polarization and charge transfer capabilities. The NLO properties of PySQ-iCOF and the small molecule 1-PySA were investigated using Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 532 nm, revealing the PySQ-iCOF thin film exhibits outstanding NLO performance. Specifically, it demonstrates saturable absorption under nanosecond (ns) pulse laser irradiation (<em>β</em> = −9.59 × 10<sup>−6</sup> m/W), while exhibiting reverse saturable absorption under femtosecond (fs) pulse conditions (<em>β</em> = 6.91 × 10<sup>−8</sup> m/W). Furthermore, the PySQ-iCOF film exhibits strong negative refractive nonlinearity, −6 × 10<sup>−12</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/W for ns and −3.8 × 10<sup>−13</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/W for fs, respectively. Transient absorption spectroscopy studies indicate that the pulse-width-dependent nonlinear absorption characteristics of the PySQ-iCOF film originate from the generation of triplet excited states. Both nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index of the PySQ-iCOF film surpass those of most reported organic materials measured under comparable conditions, which provides huge potential in all-optical manipulating and switching at the nanoscale as outstanding NLO materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 10","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100728
Huarui Han , Yangrui Xu , Yu Cheng , Liguang Tang , Jie Jin , Xinlin Liu , Changchang Ma , Ziyang Lu
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a promising route toward carbon neutrality, yet its practical application is hindered by the high activation energy barrier of CO2, rapid recombination of photo-generated electrons, and poor product selectivity of traditional catalysts. Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), which feature spatially separated Lewis acid and base sites, have recently emerged as a novel strategy to overcome these limitations. This review systematically examines the progress in FLPs-based photocatalytic systems. We focus on the construction strategies for FLPs active sites, the optimization of charge carrier dynamics, and the synergistic electron transfer mechanisms with photoactive components. Central theme is the elucidation of microscopic mechanisms governing CO2 activation, key intermediate conversion, and the efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons. By synthesizing current knowledge and outlining future prospects, this review aims to provide a theoretical framework that guides the rational design of highly active and selective catalysts for solar-driven CO2 reduction.
{"title":"Frustrated Lewis pairs in CO2 photoreduction: A review on synergistic activation and charge separation","authors":"Huarui Han , Yangrui Xu , Yu Cheng , Liguang Tang , Jie Jin , Xinlin Liu , Changchang Ma , Ziyang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction is a promising route toward carbon neutrality, yet its practical application is hindered by the high activation energy barrier of CO<sub>2</sub>, rapid recombination of photo-generated electrons, and poor product selectivity of traditional catalysts. Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), which feature spatially separated Lewis acid and base sites, have recently emerged as a novel strategy to overcome these limitations. This review systematically examines the progress in FLPs-based photocatalytic systems. We focus on the construction strategies for FLPs active sites, the optimization of charge carrier dynamics, and the synergistic electron transfer mechanisms with photoactive components. Central theme is the elucidation of microscopic mechanisms governing CO<sub>2</sub> activation, key intermediate conversion, and the efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons. By synthesizing current knowledge and outlining future prospects, this review aims to provide a theoretical framework that guides the rational design of highly active and selective catalysts for solar-driven CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 10","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100714
Yi-Chang Yang , Rui-Xi Wang , Li-Ming Wu , Ling Chen
The donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding strategy has been proposed to enforce coplanar packing of anisotropic π-conjugated units, thereby maximizing the material's achievable birefringence. Herein, employing this strategy, we successfully obtain two highly coplanar birefringent crystals, FAHC2O4 and FAH2C3N3S3 (FA+: CH5N2+, formamidinium). FAHC2O4 shows a wide bandgap (4.20 eV), while FAH2C3N3S3 exhibits a narrower bandgap (2.96 eV) due to the involvement of sulfur atom. Both crystals display notable birefringence in their respective material classes: 0.275@546 nm and 0.504@546 nm, respectively. X-ray crystallography and computational studies attribute the pronounced birefringence to their π-conjugated moieties and their near-coplanar configurations. Comparative analysis of FAHC2O4 and FAH2C3N3S3 further establishes that the hydrogen bond strength directly influences the molecular coplanarity degree. These findings provide new insights for applying the donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding strategy in the rational design of high-performance birefringent materials.
{"title":"Regulating the coplanarity of π-conjugated units through hydrogen bonding in FAHC2O4 and FAH2C3N3S3 crystals","authors":"Yi-Chang Yang , Rui-Xi Wang , Li-Ming Wu , Ling Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding strategy has been proposed to enforce coplanar packing of anisotropic π-conjugated units, thereby maximizing the material's achievable birefringence. Herein, employing this strategy, we successfully obtain two highly coplanar birefringent crystals, FAHC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and FAH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>S<sub>3</sub> (FA<sup>+</sup>: CH<sub>5</sub>N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, formamidinium). FAHC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> shows a wide bandgap (4.20 eV), while FAH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>S<sub>3</sub> exhibits a narrower bandgap (2.96 eV) due to the involvement of sulfur atom. Both crystals display notable birefringence in their respective material classes: 0.275@546 nm and 0.504@546 nm, respectively. X-ray crystallography and computational studies attribute the pronounced birefringence to their π-conjugated moieties and their near-coplanar configurations. Comparative analysis of FAHC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and FAH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>S<sub>3</sub> further establishes that the hydrogen bond strength directly influences the molecular coplanarity degree. These findings provide new insights for applying the donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding strategy in the rational design of high-performance birefringent materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 10","pages":"Article 100714"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100702
Yan-Jia Lin, Qing-Xin Zeng, Xiao-Min Shen, Shou-Tian Zheng, Xin-Xiong Li
Crystalline metal cluster-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials have emerged as a significant frontier in materials chemistry due to their unique structural designability and tunable properties. The bifunctional ligand 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)-1,3-propanediol (H3L), featuring both hard hydroxyl donors on one side and a soft pyridyl group on the other side, enables selective metal coordination via hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory and directs hierarchical metal cluster assembly. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances on metal cluster-based materials coordinated by H3L, including their syntheses, crystal structures, and related physicochemical properties.
{"title":"Construction of metal cluster-based materials directed by a bifunctional pyridyl tripodal alcohol ligand according to hard and soft acid-base theory","authors":"Yan-Jia Lin, Qing-Xin Zeng, Xiao-Min Shen, Shou-Tian Zheng, Xin-Xiong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystalline metal cluster-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials have emerged as a significant frontier in materials chemistry due to their unique structural designability and tunable properties. The bifunctional ligand 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)-1,3-propanediol (H<sub>3</sub>L), featuring both hard hydroxyl donors on one side and a soft pyridyl group on the other side, enables selective metal coordination via hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory and directs hierarchical metal cluster assembly. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances on metal cluster-based materials coordinated by H<sub>3</sub>L, including their syntheses, crystal structures, and related physicochemical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 10","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100695
Ziqi Chen , Miriding Mutailipu
Birefringent materials play a crucial role in light polarization, with important applications in fiber-optic communications. However, developing such materials for the solar-blind region and shorter wavelengths remains challenging due to the inherent trade-off between birefringence and bandgap. In this work, we introduce a strategic assembly of cyanuric rings with biuret units—the latter identified for the first time as a birefringence-active motif—resulting in two new compounds: [H5C2N3O2][H3C3N3O3] (1) and [H5C2N3O2][H3C3N3O3]·xH2O (x ≈ 0.43) (2). Through hydrogen bonding-driven structural optimization, compound 2 achieves a 50% increase in birefringence (Δn = 0.403 @ 546 nm) compared to 1, while retaining a short cutoff edge of 208 nm. This advancement demonstrates that hydrogen-bond-guided structural design, combined with novel functional units, can overcome the traditional birefringence-bandgap conflict, opening new possibilities for short-wavelength birefringent materials with strong optical anisotropy.
{"title":"Achieving the birefringence-bandgap trade-off: Hydrogen-bond engineered biuret-cyanurate","authors":"Ziqi Chen , Miriding Mutailipu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Birefringent materials play a crucial role in light polarization, with important applications in fiber-optic communications. However, developing such materials for the solar-blind region and shorter wavelengths remains challenging due to the inherent trade-off between birefringence and bandgap. In this work, we introduce a strategic assembly of cyanuric rings with biuret units—the latter identified for the first time as a birefringence-active motif—resulting in two new compounds: [H<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>][H<sub>3</sub>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>] (<strong>1</strong>) and [H<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>][H<sub>3</sub>C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>]·<em>x</em>H<sub>2</sub>O (<em>x</em> ≈ 0.43) (<strong>2</strong>). Through hydrogen bonding-driven structural optimization, compound <strong>2</strong> achieves a 50% increase in birefringence (Δ<em>n</em> = 0.403 @ 546 nm) compared to <strong>1</strong>, while retaining a short cutoff edge of 208 nm. This advancement demonstrates that hydrogen-bond-guided structural design, combined with novel functional units, can overcome the traditional birefringence-bandgap conflict, opening new possibilities for short-wavelength birefringent materials with strong optical anisotropy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10151,"journal":{"name":"结构化学","volume":"44 10","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145398093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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